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Final Flashcards

1
Q

Choosing Career

A

75% Americans = job at least very imptnt

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2
Q

Easy to decide career if…

A

-Secure attachment w/ caregiver
-Feel have career abilities
-S-E status

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3
Q

INT & Career

A

M INT = ML to get desired career
-INT doesn’t predict career success
-INT predicts acdec attainment, college grades predict career obtainment
*Only for M b/c glass ceiling prevent INT W from getting career deserved b/c sexism
-Need challenging career if INT, otherwise satisfaction DEC

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4
Q

Aptitude

A

Skills needed to successfully perform in career
-M imptnt T INT
-Artisitc, mechanics, persuasive talents - SOC / soft skills imptnt

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5
Q

Ideal when career matches…

A

Interests, meaningful careers influence S-direction

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6
Q

S-Determination Theory

A

We have 3 psych needs, if fullfilled, psych WB is H. Needs:
-Competence / good at something
-Autonomous / b/c want to
-Related / connect w/ others

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7
Q

ML to do something w/…

A

INT motivation
-Autonomy - Doing something b/c want to

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8
Q

BIG-5 PERS

A

Openness - To New exp
Conscientious - Precision
Extraverted - SOC w/ others
Agreeable
Neurotic - ANX

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9
Q

Family Influence

A

We tend to choose careers PREV family were in
-Learning/obsv - Seeing others influence our bhvr
-SES - Parents w/ L money = LL to go to college

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10
Q

Parent Practices

A

-Kids from Middle class backgrounds = better careers

-L class = ML blue collar

-Upper middle class = encouraged to be independent
*Be wheel / leader

-Those from working class = taught to obey & conform to SOC (pay bills, get job)

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11
Q

Essential Info About Choosing Occupations

A

Nature / day to day things
Working conditions
Job entry requirement
Ongoing training / education
Chance to collab
Potential earning
Potential status
Advancement opportunities
Trust & respect
INT job satisfaction
Future outlook
Security

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12
Q

Choosing A Career

A

Many options, doesn’t mean you get the perfect one
-Mobility = Success
-Meaning & purpose M imptnt T salary if have enough $
-Limits on options / aptitude = pivot
-Career is a process
-Some can’t be undone
*Investment or past EXP
-Job VS Career VS Calling
*Calling = meaning
*1/3 want job, want career, want calling

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13
Q

How to find right career

A

-Occupational Outlook Handbook
*GOV booklet w/ 800+ careers

-Discuss w/ person in field / shadow / internship

-Psych tests (EX occupational interest inventory)
*Satisfy career, not success
*Issues: Accuracy not 100%, is a GUIDE, has G bias (M $ for M)

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14
Q

Models of Career Choice

A

Hollands PERS-ENV fit model

Super’s DEV Model

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15
Q

Holland’s PERS-ENV Fit Model

A

We have 6 diff & stable PERS orientations / styles = 6 diff work ENV match career satisfaction
-Realistic (mechanics, lack SOC)
-Investigative (Analytical)
-Artistic (Imaginative)
-SOC (coop)
-Enterprising (Extraversion)
-Conventional (Numerical skills)

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16
Q

Holland’s PERS-ENV Fit Model pt 2

A

Outcome if PERS orientation & work ENV match = M happy = M M stability & success

We are a continuum, not one PERS orientation.

Caveat: Our PERS isn’t stable, we change w/ age, career demands could chance, ENV change, ect

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17
Q

Super’s DEV Model

A

Careers DEV w/ time & are crucial to S-Concept (which changes). 5 Stages:
1) Growth (0-14) - Career choice is fantasy
-Don’t consider PERS ability & education requirements

2) Expl (15-25) - Realistic consideration of diff careers

3) Est (25-44) - Commit to career & learn to functionally be effective in it
-Finding gratifying career = stick to it

4) Maintenance (45-65) - Retaining/protect achieved status
-Focus on leisure & family (shifts if career threatened)

5) Decline (65+) - Decline in productivity & work activity, retirement
-Retirement and pension needs considered early

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18
Q

Changing World of Work

A

Need to keep up w/ work trends
-Tech
-Work Attd - Proving value, S-directed, flexibility
-Life long earning
-GIG / Tempt work - Flexibility w/ possible H demand/$, no pension
-Boundaries blurr w/ technology
-H job growth for prof & service occupations = M stress, L autonomy

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19
Q

Occupational Stress

A

Being in a psych demanding job (1) w/ lack of autonomy (2)

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20
Q

Psych Disorders

A

H disability source
When psych P = disorder
-P persists for extended period
-P causes significant distress interfering w/ rltnsps, work performance, ect
*Deviate from norm?
*Maladaptive?
*Cause stress?
*Cause others discomfort?

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21
Q

Psychopathology

A

Sickness / disorder of mind or thoughts
-M common T thought, 25% of 18y+ will exp some psych disorder, 50% of Americans diagnosed at some point
-W ML to be diagnosed w/ ANX, DEP, & PTSD T M
-M ML to be diagnosed w/ substance disorder

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22
Q

Two ways to view psych disorder cause

A

Diathesis Stress model

Biopsychosocial Approach

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23
Q

Diathesis Stress Model

A

Some are genetically predisposed/vulnerable (1) w/ presence of stress to DEV psych disorder (2)
-Childhood

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24
Q

Biopsychosocial Approach

A

How biology, psychology, & SOC-culture factors work together to impact chance of psych disorder

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25
ANX & ANX Disorder
ANX - Tense, worried, dreadful ANX Disorder - Excess ANX w/out true danger, threats where there aren't any -50% of college students exp crippling ANX any year -25% of people in US at some point in life
26
Specific Phobia
Fear of specific object/situation that is out of proportion -Common, easily treated
27
SOC ANX disorder
Cripping fear of - eval by others -~13y, 6% of population -Fret, struggle w/ minor things -W > M
28
Panic Disorder
Overwhelming terror attacks, mistaken for heart attack or dying, lasts many minutes -Light headedness, BP drop -W > M
29
Agoraphobia
Worry/fear of situations that can't be escaped & open spaces w/ fear of public panic attack
30
Dev of Psych Disorders
ML to Dev based on childhood temperament -Shyness, avoid unknown people -Faulty learning
31
Consequences of Psych Disorder on Health
-FoF system M active -Cardiac & BP issues = Hypertension = heart attack / stroke -Diff concentrating & PS -Impaired judgement
32
OCD
Intrusive thoughts (obsesssions) INC ANX causing urges (compulsions) to DEC ANX temporarily -Aware of ^, cannot help act
33
OCD Dev
Learning (Operant conditioning) & - rein Bio -Genes release glutamate (n/t) -Subcortical area caudate nucleus involved in regulating impulse bhvr is sm T usual (corr)
34
PTSD
Direct/indirect exposure to harm / life threatening event. Symptoms: -Frequent nightmares, intrusive trauma thoughts, & flashbacks -Hyperviligence / Tension -W > M, ~7% of pop
35
PTSD & Trauma Severity
M intense = ML to dev PTSD & M intense symptoms -Intimate partner (DV) or S-violence ML to DEV PTSD VS war-type *ENV *SA usually someone they know, break trust
36
Susceptibility / DEV of PTSD
Diathesis - Stress - Model - Those DEV PTSD have diff genes to DEV serotonin = Possible vulnerability to DEV PTSD after trauma -Sm hippocampus
37
PTSD Consequences
-Hyper alert = Chronic hypertension & H issues (Stroke, heart attack) -Sm hippocampus = diff w/ memory -Attnt issues b/c intrusive thoughts
38
Intrusive Thought Disorders
OCD PTSD
39
ANX Disorders
ANX Specific Phobia SOC ANX Panic Agoraphobia
40
Depressive Disorders
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)
41
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
Mood disorder persistent & pervasive feelings of sadness -Lack of joy in formerly pleasurable activities -Lasts AL 2w -7-8% of USA exp MDD any given yr -All adults ~16% will have episode of MDD
42
Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)
MDD w/ L intense extreme lasting longer than MDD -L common than MDD
43
Factors influencing DEV of Depressive Disorders
-M genes shared w/ someone w/ DEP = ML to get DEP -Hippocampus (Memory, mood regulation, regulate stress hormones) *Corr *Stress hormone production = protein break down = M stress hormone b/c sm hippocampus -N/t LT normal -Sleep - Insomnia worsens DEP *Those w/ DEP = M REM = L restorative sleep = L growth hormone, possibly accounting for L rejuvenated feeling
44
Psych factors impacting Dev of DEP Disorders
Oppositve of + bias, - bias sees S L + , INT attribute bad things, EXT attribute good things -COG triad of - thinking: *- S-thought = - situational thoughts = - future thoughts -Learned helplessness - Feels lack ability to change situation
45
DEP Disorder SOC factors
-Shame b/c - view of disorder -G-Roles: W w/ chronic stress INT feels, M cope EXT = W X2 ML to DEP
46
Bipolar Disorders
Bipolar I Bipolar II
47
Bipolar I Disorder
Mania (elevated mood) and possible DEP mood
48
Bipolar II
ALT btwn mania and DEP -Mania can be relief
48
Prevalence & Etiology of Bipolar Disorders
-L common than MDD -BPI M common T BPII -No G Diff -Often confused w/ ScZ
49
ScZ
Extreme ALT in thoughts, perceptions, &/or consciousness resulting in psychosis-disconnect in reality -6m for diagnosis -Mostly no G diff, if so M > W -LT 1% of pop -Emergence is late adolescence, early adulthood *Genetic predisposition interacts with stress?
50
SCZ + symptoms: Delusions
Delusions - False beliefs -Grandiosity - Belief of POW (special super pow) that isn't real -Persecution - People (aliens, gov, ect) are after them -Referential - Obj/others have significant meaning to them (ex, dating famous person) -ID - Belief is Jesus/other important figure -Guilt - Convinced did something terrible (Sometimes in hand w/ persecution) -Ctrl - EXT force influencing thoughts
51
SCZ + Symptoms: Hallucinations
False sensory sensations -Audio - Hearing not real voices, M common -Visual -Olfactory - Smelling something not real -Bodily - Feel things in body that aren't real
52
SCZ + Symptoms: Disorganized speech and bhvr
Disorganized Speech - Saying strange, incoherent things -Loosening of association - Quick topic change -Clang association - Rhyming w/out meaning while speaking Disorganized Bhvr - Unusual bhvr -Inappropriate dressing (for season), strange movement, inappropriate S-care, lack of eye contact & emotional expr *Cause SOC distancing & don't get SOC rewarded
53
SCZ - Symptoms
DEC in typical bhvr - eye contact, emotion, motivation, and interest -1/4 of SCZ -M > W
54
SCZ Bio Factors
45% concordance rate, 45% if both parents have it = STR genetic link Brain: SCZ = Lg ventricles (holes in brain = L braing) -Sm brain (similar to neuro syphilis), sm frontal cortex (thought regulation), sm medial temporal lobe (COG ctrl) -Too much dopamine (n/t) *D blockers = L symptoms)
55
PERS disorders
Borderline PERS disorder Anti-SOC PERS Disorder Dissociative ID Disorder
56
Borderline PERS Disorder
Disturbances in fixed ID (1) causing maladaptive relating in moods (2) and in impulse ctrl (3) -Occupational, rltnshp, ect issues -Dramatic, emotional, erratic bhvr -No STR sense of S *Consequentially hate being alone b/c other define who they are -Emotionally unstable (2) -Lack of impulse ctrl, random S, binge eating, violent argument (3)
57
Bio & DEV of Borderline PERS Disorder
BIO -Sm prefrontal cortex -1-2% of adults, W X2 MLT M DEV -STR trauma / abuse assoc w/ DEV -Feeling caretaker was unaccepting/unreliable
58
Anti-SOC PERS Disorder
Disregard for & violation of others w/ lack of remorse -Psychopaths - extreme ^ but charming & INT *Rich people? Occurs in 1-4% of population, but mostly young M, M > W
59
Dissociative Identity Disorder
One person having at least two distinct IDs -W > M, especially with occurrence of severe abuse
60
Psychotherapy Treatment
400 diff types Categories of Therapy: Insight, bhvr, biomedical -Medication is one of most used therapy but has a lot of DIS -Therapy is better than nothing, best 1/ medication
61
Who seeks therapy?
Those w/ ANX & DEP are ML W > M, ML to get diagnosed Those w/ health insurance Those educated, ML to have ^ and not stigmatize MH
62
Why don't people seek therapy?
Lack of health insurance MH stigma
63
Who provides Therapy?
Clinical Psychologists Counseling Psychologists -Both need PhD or PsyD -Both can test, diagnose, and treat
64
Types of Therapy people
Clinical Psy - Rsch focus (ex prof) Counseling Psy - Gives rsch (ex sees patients) Psychiatry (MD) - Work w/ severe cases (ex, SCZ) & can prescribe drugs Clinical SOC Workers (Masters) - Help people integrated into SOC Counselors (2 yr License) - Work w/ ED bhvrl issues
65
Insight Txs
Psychoanalysis Group Tx Family and Marriage Tx
66
Insight Tx
V interactions w/ C to INC S-understanding & exhibit better bhvr
67
Psychoanalysis
Probe unconscious, emphasize recovery of UNC inner conflict -Freud -ID (devil), superego (angel, moral), and ego (balance) -Conflict of ^ = ANX, resolved w/ defense mechanisns
68
Psychoanalysis Techniques
Free association - C spontaneously speaks w/out filter, expr thoughts & feels Dream analysis - Interpret dreams as clues to inner conflict
69
Txt role in Insight Tx
Interpret thoughts, feels, bhvrs, & dreams -Can be subjective
70
C reactions to psychoanalysis
Resistance - Rejection of Tx process Transference of feels towards others to Tx
71
Current psychodynamic Tx
C-Centered - Talk tx, H gives emotional support and growth ENV -Genuineness -UC + regard -Empathy
72
C-Centered Tx Process
C = H, work together to find solution Clarification - Ensuring understanding, prevent misinterpret Goal - C gets true sense of S and is comfy w/ that
73
Group Tx
Group of C, those w/ exp become Tx -C recognizes not alone, DEC in shame -Opportunity to enhance SOC skills -Support specific P = benefit
74
Family & Marriage Tx
Marital = Rltnsp focus Family = Family as a unit / comm needs, dynamics, and disagreements
75
Is insight Tx effective?
Yes, takes time -~45 sessions = 75% feel recovered -Not everyone needs Tx that long
76
Insight VS Bhvrl
Bhvr = p in bhvrl VS Underlying = P in insight Bhvrl assumptions -Bhvr = learned BUT can be unlearned w/ application of learning theory
77
Bhvrl Tx Types
Systematic Desensitization SOC Skill training COG Bhvrl Tx
78
Systematic Desensitization
Counter conditioning to DEC ANX -Cr ANX Hierarchy - Lvl of INC exposure to fear -Muscle relaxation -Pair ^^ & repeat Works well for specific phobias Used for PTSD, OCD, & panic disorders too
79
SOC Skill Training
Feeling SOC inept = ANX tx to INC interpersonal skills. 3 components: -C observes a SOC skilled model -Bhvrl rehearsal via roleplaying -Shaping - Gradual INC SOC demands Effective for ANX, Scz, DEP, & autism
80
COG Bhvrl Tx
Blend of V & Bhvrl intervention using strategies to correct habitual errors impacting disorders -DEP people engage in S-defeating bhvr *INT blame for - things *Doesn't attend + events -Pessimistic projections -L S-E b/c - event = S-worth
81
CBT Goal
Correct habitual errors by targeting irrationals & using reasonable deductions -Monitoring - thoughts & stopping them -Recognize maladaptive bhvr -Tx sets up steps Effective for many people, esp DEP
82
Biomedical Tx
Physio intervention to DEC symptoms. Types: -Drug *ANX, Antipsych, AntiDEP, Mood stabilizers -Electroconvulsive (ECT)
83
ANX Drugs
Fast relief -Ex Xanax -Risks: OD, dependence, withdrawal (seizure, then death) -Newer drugs DEC abuse risk, acting slower and longer -Crit: Drug mask symptom, avoid P and is overprescribed b/c - rein for Dr
84
Antipsychotics
Gradual DEC in psychosis symptoms usually for Scz or those manic by interacting w/ dopamine & serotonin -Takes days to weeks for relief -Works for 70% of those who need it -Side effects: Dry mouth, constipation, drousy, diff motor movement *Tardive Dyskenesia - Chronic tremors & spastic movement *May lead to non-compliance (no take meds) = symptom return in LT 1y
85
AntiDEP
Gradual INC mood out of DEP -V popular, M prescribed medication *A lot of DEP? Good at prescribing? Overprescribing? -Also used as a n/t booster *SSRI/SNRI -Takes weeks, possibly rewiring the hippocampus -Newer ones are safer DEC chance of abuse, bad side effects *DEC libido, Sleep Ps, weight gain -Crit: same as ANX drugs
86
Mood Stabilizers
Usually for BPD - Lithium and valproate -Can be toxic, requires blood work *Can cause kidney & thyroid issues
87
Crit & benefits of Biomedical Tx
STR: Relieves severe disorders WKS: Overprescribed (overmedicating), doesn't solve P, side effects can be worse than symptoms
88
Current Trends & Issues
Eclectic (integrative) approaches - Specify Tx to C (w/ team if can) Multicultural Sensitivity - Other cultures may avoid Tx or have lang barriers -H may need to work harder to build Tx rltnsp if not in similar demographic *Hiring minority tx = INC minority C
89
Application when looking for Tx
Is prof or S imptnt? -No, no link btwn effectiveness and prof BUT M education = M understand theory -S may matter, if matters to C -There are good and bad tx, as in every profession -Theoretical approach can matter, some are better for specific problems than others
90
What is therapy really like?
Realistic - We go to the gym for our muscles but tend to not to go tx for our minds It is a long, hard, and slow process that faces uncomfy things

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