Final 150 Questions Flashcards
Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?
To start a new life
Virginia Company
A joint stock company that gained a charter to establish Jamestown
Jamestown
It was the first English settlement in New England
John Smith
First governor of Jamestown
Pocahontas
The daughter of the chief of Powhatan
John Rolfe
The one who married Powhatan
Tobacco
Tobacco saved Jamestown because of no gold
Bacon’s Rebellion
An armed rebellion by Nathaniel Bacon against the government
Plymouth Colony
A colony established at New Plymouth
Pilgrims
Separatists who came to the colonies for religious freedom
Mayflower
A ship that pilgrims came on to get to the colonies
Mayflower Compact
The first government document of Plymouth Colony
William Bradford
Wrote the famous Plymouth plantation
Squanto and Samoset
Two Native Americans who showed some pilgrims how to grow corn beans and squash. Also how to hunt and fish
Puritans
Protestants who wanted to reform
Massachusetts Bay Colony
An English settlement on the east coast of North America
John Winthrop
The groups govenor?
Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams
They were kicked out of Massachusetts for disagreeing with puritans
Salem Witch Trials
A series of hearings were people were accused of being witches where most of the people were falsely accused.
William Penn
Founded Pennsylvania
Quakers
Tolerant of other peoples religions
Pacifists
People who refused to fight wars or use force
James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony
James was the first governor of Georgia and Georgia was the first buffer state
First Great Awakening
Christian revivals came and gave the people something to believe in
Triangular Trade
A system where slaves crops and manufactured goods were traded between Africa
Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union and Join or Die Cartoon
George Washingtons propaganda
John Peter Zenger Trial
John accused the govenor of corruption and was thrown in jail
Cause of French and Indian War
The French and Indians fight Great Britain because GB tried to take over
Proclamation of 1763
A treaty that ended the French and Indian war
The Sugar Act
Lowering the tax on malassas to try to get people to stop smuggling
The Stamp Act
Placed a tax on almost every printed materials
The Boston Massacre
A fight that broke out between GB and towns people that left 5 people dead
The Boston Tea Party
A group of colonists threw tea off of a ship while disguised as Indians
The Intolerable/Coercive Acts
Harsh laws that were passed to punish Massachusetts citizens
Patrick Henry
Made a famous quote “ I’m not a Virginian I’m a American”
Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty
A group of people who didn’t like GB and Samuel Adams was their leader
John Hancock
The first person to sign the Declaration of Independence
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
He called to have complete independence from GB
Declaration of Independence – Year, location, author, significance
1776, Pennsylvania, Thomas Jefferson, gave people rights
Cause of American Revolutionary War
GB kept imprisoning colonists and New England revolted
Loyalists
Colonists that were still loyal to GB also called tories
Patriots
Rebels that fought the GB
Battles of Lexington and Concord
The first battles of the American Revolution
Battle of Saratoga
The turning point of the war
Winter at Valley Forge
A time of terrible suffering for the colonies without decent food or clothing
Battle of Yorktown
A battle that general Cornwallis surrendered at
Benedict Arnold
The hero of the battle of seratoga
Lead commander of the Patriots troops in the war
George Washington
Marquis de La Fayette
A French military officer in the American Revolution
Friedrich von Steuben
He drilled the troops at valley forge
Francis Marion
Swamp fox. Father of guerrilla warfare
guerrilla warfare
A hit and run tactic
Treaty of Paris 1783
Officially ended the American Revolutionary War
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Added new states to the union
Articles of Confederation
A government that wasn’t strong enough and couldn’t raise taxes
Shays’ Rebellion
Was a uprising by Massachusetts farmers to fight the governments taxes on poor farmers
The Great Compromise
Established the model for congress used to this day
The 3/5 Compromise
Slaves that voted only counted 3/5
The US Constitution – Father of, year, and purpose
James Madison, 1788, for a national government
Bill of Rights
1st 10 amendments to the constitution
1st amendment
Guarantees freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press and petition the gov’t
2nd amendment
The right to own fire arms
4th amendment
Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures without probable cause
5th amendment
Natural rights can not be deprived without due process of law
6th amendment
You have the right to a speedy, public trial by an impartial jury
Three Branches of Government and their purpose
Legislative, Executive, Judicial branches
Whiskey Rebellion
A civil uprising against the taxing power of the federal gov’t
Alexander Hamilton
Secretary of treasury
Alien and Sedition Acts
Allowed president to deport aliens. Sedition act- a crime to speak or write false criticisms Tory and weakened the gov’t
John Sevier
He’s one of the founders of Tennessee
Natchez Trace
A trail used by Indians
Marbury v Madison
To help put a boundary between judicial and executive
Judicial review
Court can review a administrative action by public body
McCulloch v Maryland
Maryland intended to impead operations of a branch of the second bank of the United States
Election of 1800
John Adams vs Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Jefferson becomes 3rd president
Louisiana Purchase
1803 France sold the territory to US for 15 million and it doubled the size of US
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Inspired people to go west and start a new life
Impressment and the attack of the Chesapeake
The British took it over and captured some people and the US made the embargo act
War Hawks from the War of 1812
Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun
War of 1812 – DC burned, Fort McHenry, Battle of New Orleans
British forces attacked washing D.C. And burned it to the ground but some of it was saved
The Star Spangled Banner
Written by Francis Scott Key after fort mchenry battle
Monroe Doctrine
A very important foreign policy by the US
Irish Potato Famine’s relationship to Immigration
It helped the growth of industry in America and brought a lot of Irish immigrants
Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s convention
The Seneca Falls Convention. First women’s rights movement. Focused on suffrage
Industrial Revolution
The change from an agrarian society to one based on industry
Capitalism
Money used for the investment
Free Enterprise System
People are free to buy, sell, and produce anything they want
Supply and Demand
Sets price/cost of everything. A way to make money
Number One Crop in the South in the 1800’s
Cotton
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin – what it did and why that was important
It made separating cotton easier and it was faster to make money
Urban vs Rural
Urban- city
Rural- country
Wilderness Road
Created by Daniel Boone to get through the mountains easier
Daniel Boone
American pioneer that created the wilderness road
Cumberland Gap
Path that was found to get through the Appalachian mountains
The Corrupt Bargain
Henry Clay helps John Quincy Adams win his presidency
Andrew Jackson – spoils system, fight with the bank
Spoils System- is replacing employees with the winning candidates choice and Jackson tried to kill the bank by withdrawing all federal funds
Indian Removal Act
Act passed by congress in order to relocate Native Americans
Trail of Tears
Relocation of The Cherokee to Oklahoma
Sequoyah
Created the Cherokee language
William Henry Harrison’s Presidency
Shortest presidency - 32 days
Manifest Destiny
Belief that the America should extend its boundaries all the way to the Pacific Ocean
Texas Rebellion
The battle of the Alamo, and battle of San Jacinto lone star republic is formed
The Alamo – battle significance
The defenders of the Alamo bought the Texans some much needed time
Davy Crockett
Backwoodsman from Tennessee who volunteered to fight at the Alamo
Oregon Trail
Used by settlers migrating to the Pacific Northwest
James K Polk – President that fulfilled what?
Manifest destiny
Mexican War – Border dispute, Mexican Cession
US believes the border is the rio grande river and Mexico believes the border is the nueces river, ceded California on NM and in return gave them money
John Sutter and the California Gold Rush
John Sutter was the first person to discover gold on his property
The gold rush doubled the worlds supply in gold
Brigham Young
Led the Mormans to the great salt lake Utah
The Missouri Compromise of 1820
Helped preserve the balance between north and south, 1 free state and 1 slave state
John Brown
Violent abolitionist that thought god picked him to end slavery
Harriet Tubman
Helped on the Underground Railroad and made many trips to free slaves
Underground Railroad
Network of escape routes out of the south
Frederick Douglass
Most well known African American abolitionist, edited a newspaper called the north star
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Novel that told about slavery
Fugitive Slave Act
Required all citizens to help runaway slaves in 1850
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Increased the amount of territory open to slaveholding in the US
Bleeding Kansas
Kansas became the first territory to shed blood in a civil war over slavery
Sumner-Brooks Incident
Charles sumner lashed out at Andrew P. Butler and Preston Brooks hit him with his cane
Raid on Harper’s Ferry
A raid john brown led against a storage facility and he stole a lot of weapons and wanted to start a rebellion
Dred Scott v Sandford
Divided the nation even more because of Roger B Toneys decision on slavery
Lincoln-Douglass debates – House Divided Speech
Senate race in Illinois and the main topic was slavery. Lincoln was a republican and Douglas was a democrat
Election of 1860
Lincoln became 16th president
Causes of the Civil War
Secession in the south, formation of the confederate states of America
Fort Sumter
Confederate guns opened fire on fort Sumter on April 12, 1861
Ulysses S. Grant
Union general and our 18th president
Robert E. Lee
The souths best general because he wouldn’t fight against his home state but opposed slavery
Stonewall Jackson
Considered one of the most gifted tactical commanders in US history and gave the confederate troops inspiration
First Battle of Bull Run
The confederates scared the union soldiers by yelling which scared the union soldiers which led them to flee
Anaconda Plan
Union war plan to defeat the south by dividing them in two
54th Massachusetts
Most well known African American regiment
The Battle of Gettysburg
Union forces were outnumbered which led them to retreat when lee did Pickett’s charge which left them easy targets
The Battle of Vicksburg
Turning point for union in war including the battle of Gettysburg
Sherman’s March to the Sea
General Sherman led the march to Atlanta from Savannah Georgia
Lee Surrendering to Grant
On April 9, 1865 Lee and his troops surrendered to Grant in a small Virginia village called Appomattox Courthouse
13th Amendment
Abolished slavery in 1865
14th Amendment
Gave full citizenship to anyone that was born in the US including African Americans
15th Amendment
Gave African Americans the right to vote
Lincoln Assassination – theater name, murderer, place of death
Fords theater, John Wilkes Booth, Petersen house
10 Percent Plan and Radical Republican Plans for Reconstruction
Forgiving the south and the radical republican plan was harsher readmission process
Freedman’s Bureau
Agency that helped African Americans be free
Segregation
Isolation of group, race, or class
Jim Crow Laws
The separation of whites and blacks in the south
Ku Klux Klan
Largest anti African American terrorist organization in the south
