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8th History > Final 150 Questions > Flashcards

Final 150 Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?

A

To start a new life

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2
Q

Virginia Company

A

A joint stock company that gained a charter to establish Jamestown

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3
Q

Jamestown

A

It was the first English settlement in New England

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4
Q

John Smith

A

First governor of Jamestown

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5
Q

Pocahontas

A

The daughter of the chief of Powhatan

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6
Q

John Rolfe

A

The one who married Powhatan

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7
Q

Tobacco

A

Tobacco saved Jamestown because of no gold

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8
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A

An armed rebellion by Nathaniel Bacon against the government

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9
Q

Plymouth Colony

A

A colony established at New Plymouth

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10
Q

Pilgrims

A

Separatists who came to the colonies for religious freedom

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11
Q

Mayflower

A

A ship that pilgrims came on to get to the colonies

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12
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

The first government document of Plymouth Colony

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13
Q

William Bradford

A

Wrote the famous Plymouth plantation

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14
Q

Squanto and Samoset

A

Two Native Americans who showed some pilgrims how to grow corn beans and squash. Also how to hunt and fish

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15
Q

Puritans

A

Protestants who wanted to reform

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16
Q

Massachusetts Bay Colony

A

An English settlement on the east coast of North America

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17
Q

John Winthrop

A

The groups govenor?

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18
Q

Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams

A

They were kicked out of Massachusetts for disagreeing with puritans

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19
Q

Salem Witch Trials

A

A series of hearings were people were accused of being witches where most of the people were falsely accused.

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20
Q

William Penn

A

Founded Pennsylvania

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21
Q

Quakers

A

Tolerant of other peoples religions

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22
Q

Pacifists

A

People who refused to fight wars or use force

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23
Q

James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony

A

James was the first governor of Georgia and Georgia was the first buffer state

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24
Q

First Great Awakening

A

Christian revivals came and gave the people something to believe in

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25
Q

Triangular Trade

A

A system where slaves crops and manufactured goods were traded between Africa

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26
Q

Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union and Join or Die Cartoon

A

George Washingtons propaganda

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27
Q

John Peter Zenger Trial

A

John accused the govenor of corruption and was thrown in jail

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28
Q

Cause of French and Indian War

A

The French and Indians fight Great Britain because GB tried to take over

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29
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

A treaty that ended the French and Indian war

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30
Q

The Sugar Act

A

Lowering the tax on malassas to try to get people to stop smuggling

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31
Q

The Stamp Act

A

Placed a tax on almost every printed materials

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32
Q

The Boston Massacre

A

A fight that broke out between GB and towns people that left 5 people dead

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33
Q

The Boston Tea Party

A

A group of colonists threw tea off of a ship while disguised as Indians

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34
Q

The Intolerable/Coercive Acts

A

Harsh laws that were passed to punish Massachusetts citizens

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35
Q

Patrick Henry

A

Made a famous quote “ I’m not a Virginian I’m a American”

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36
Q

Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty

A

A group of people who didn’t like GB and Samuel Adams was their leader

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37
Q

John Hancock

A

The first person to sign the Declaration of Independence

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38
Q

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

A

He called to have complete independence from GB

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39
Q

Declaration of Independence – Year, location, author, significance

A

1776, Pennsylvania, Thomas Jefferson, gave people rights

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40
Q

Cause of American Revolutionary War

A

GB kept imprisoning colonists and New England revolted

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41
Q

Loyalists

A

Colonists that were still loyal to GB also called tories

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42
Q

Patriots

A

Rebels that fought the GB

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43
Q

Battles of Lexington and Concord

A

The first battles of the American Revolution

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44
Q

Battle of Saratoga

A

The turning point of the war

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45
Q

Winter at Valley Forge

A

A time of terrible suffering for the colonies without decent food or clothing

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46
Q

Battle of Yorktown

A

A battle that general Cornwallis surrendered at

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47
Q

Benedict Arnold

A

The hero of the battle of seratoga

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48
Q

Lead commander of the Patriots troops in the war

A

George Washington

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49
Q

Marquis de La Fayette

A

A French military officer in the American Revolution

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50
Q

Friedrich von Steuben

A

He drilled the troops at valley forge

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51
Q

Francis Marion

A

Swamp fox. Father of guerrilla warfare

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52
Q

guerrilla warfare

A

A hit and run tactic

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53
Q

Treaty of Paris 1783

A

Officially ended the American Revolutionary War

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54
Q

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

A

Added new states to the union

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55
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

A government that wasn’t strong enough and couldn’t raise taxes

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56
Q

Shays’ Rebellion

A

Was a uprising by Massachusetts farmers to fight the governments taxes on poor farmers

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57
Q

The Great Compromise

A

Established the model for congress used to this day

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58
Q

The 3/5 Compromise

A

Slaves that voted only counted 3/5

59
Q

The US Constitution – Father of, year, and purpose

A

James Madison, 1788, for a national government

60
Q

Bill of Rights

A

1st 10 amendments to the constitution

61
Q

1st amendment

A

Guarantees freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press and petition the gov’t

62
Q

2nd amendment

A

The right to own fire arms

63
Q

4th amendment

A

Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures without probable cause

64
Q

5th amendment

A

Natural rights can not be deprived without due process of law

65
Q

6th amendment

A

You have the right to a speedy, public trial by an impartial jury

66
Q

Three Branches of Government and their purpose

A

Legislative, Executive, Judicial branches

67
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A

A civil uprising against the taxing power of the federal gov’t

68
Q

Alexander Hamilton

A

Secretary of treasury

69
Q

Alien and Sedition Acts

A

Allowed president to deport aliens. Sedition act- a crime to speak or write false criticisms Tory and weakened the gov’t

70
Q

John Sevier

A

He’s one of the founders of Tennessee

71
Q

Natchez Trace

A

A trail used by Indians

72
Q

Marbury v Madison

A

To help put a boundary between judicial and executive

73
Q

Judicial review

A

Court can review a administrative action by public body

74
Q

McCulloch v Maryland

A

Maryland intended to impead operations of a branch of the second bank of the United States

75
Q

Election of 1800

A

John Adams vs Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Jefferson becomes 3rd president

76
Q

Louisiana Purchase

A

1803 France sold the territory to US for 15 million and it doubled the size of US

77
Q

Lewis and Clark Expedition

A

Inspired people to go west and start a new life

78
Q

Impressment and the attack of the Chesapeake

A

The British took it over and captured some people and the US made the embargo act

79
Q

War Hawks from the War of 1812

A

Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun

80
Q

War of 1812 – DC burned, Fort McHenry, Battle of New Orleans

A

British forces attacked washing D.C. And burned it to the ground but some of it was saved

81
Q

The Star Spangled Banner

A

Written by Francis Scott Key after fort mchenry battle

82
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

A very important foreign policy by the US

83
Q

Irish Potato Famine’s relationship to Immigration

A

It helped the growth of industry in America and brought a lot of Irish immigrants

84
Q

Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s convention

A

The Seneca Falls Convention. First women’s rights movement. Focused on suffrage

85
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

The change from an agrarian society to one based on industry

86
Q

Capitalism

A

Money used for the investment

87
Q

Free Enterprise System

A

People are free to buy, sell, and produce anything they want

88
Q

Supply and Demand

A

Sets price/cost of everything. A way to make money

89
Q

Number One Crop in the South in the 1800’s

A

Cotton

90
Q

Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin – what it did and why that was important

A

It made separating cotton easier and it was faster to make money

91
Q

Urban vs Rural

A

Urban- city

Rural- country

92
Q

Wilderness Road

A

Created by Daniel Boone to get through the mountains easier

93
Q

Daniel Boone

A

American pioneer that created the wilderness road

94
Q

Cumberland Gap

A

Path that was found to get through the Appalachian mountains

95
Q

The Corrupt Bargain

A

Henry Clay helps John Quincy Adams win his presidency

96
Q

Andrew Jackson – spoils system, fight with the bank

A

Spoils System- is replacing employees with the winning candidates choice and Jackson tried to kill the bank by withdrawing all federal funds

97
Q

Indian Removal Act

A

Act passed by congress in order to relocate Native Americans

98
Q

Trail of Tears

A

Relocation of The Cherokee to Oklahoma

99
Q

Sequoyah

A

Created the Cherokee language

100
Q

William Henry Harrison’s Presidency

A

Shortest presidency - 32 days

101
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

Belief that the America should extend its boundaries all the way to the Pacific Ocean

102
Q

Texas Rebellion

A

The battle of the Alamo, and battle of San Jacinto lone star republic is formed

103
Q

The Alamo – battle significance

A

The defenders of the Alamo bought the Texans some much needed time

104
Q

Davy Crockett

A

Backwoodsman from Tennessee who volunteered to fight at the Alamo

105
Q

Oregon Trail

A

Used by settlers migrating to the Pacific Northwest

106
Q

James K Polk – President that fulfilled what?

A

Manifest destiny

107
Q

Mexican War – Border dispute, Mexican Cession

A

US believes the border is the rio grande river and Mexico believes the border is the nueces river, ceded California on NM and in return gave them money

108
Q

John Sutter and the California Gold Rush

A

John Sutter was the first person to discover gold on his property
The gold rush doubled the worlds supply in gold

109
Q

Brigham Young

A

Led the Mormans to the great salt lake Utah

110
Q

The Missouri Compromise of 1820

A

Helped preserve the balance between north and south, 1 free state and 1 slave state

111
Q

John Brown

A

Violent abolitionist that thought god picked him to end slavery

112
Q

Harriet Tubman

A

Helped on the Underground Railroad and made many trips to free slaves

113
Q

Underground Railroad

A

Network of escape routes out of the south

114
Q

Frederick Douglass

A

Most well known African American abolitionist, edited a newspaper called the north star

115
Q

Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin

A

Novel that told about slavery

116
Q

Fugitive Slave Act

A

Required all citizens to help runaway slaves in 1850

117
Q

Kansas-Nebraska Act

A

Increased the amount of territory open to slaveholding in the US

118
Q

Bleeding Kansas

A

Kansas became the first territory to shed blood in a civil war over slavery

119
Q

Sumner-Brooks Incident

A

Charles sumner lashed out at Andrew P. Butler and Preston Brooks hit him with his cane

120
Q

Raid on Harper’s Ferry

A

A raid john brown led against a storage facility and he stole a lot of weapons and wanted to start a rebellion

121
Q

Dred Scott v Sandford

A

Divided the nation even more because of Roger B Toneys decision on slavery

122
Q

Lincoln-Douglass debates – House Divided Speech

A

Senate race in Illinois and the main topic was slavery. Lincoln was a republican and Douglas was a democrat

123
Q

Election of 1860

A

Lincoln became 16th president

124
Q

Causes of the Civil War

A

Secession in the south, formation of the confederate states of America

125
Q

Fort Sumter

A

Confederate guns opened fire on fort Sumter on April 12, 1861

126
Q

Ulysses S. Grant

A

Union general and our 18th president

127
Q

Robert E. Lee

A

The souths best general because he wouldn’t fight against his home state but opposed slavery

128
Q

Stonewall Jackson

A

Considered one of the most gifted tactical commanders in US history and gave the confederate troops inspiration

129
Q

First Battle of Bull Run

A

The confederates scared the union soldiers by yelling which scared the union soldiers which led them to flee

130
Q

Anaconda Plan

A

Union war plan to defeat the south by dividing them in two

131
Q

54th Massachusetts

A

Most well known African American regiment

132
Q

The Battle of Gettysburg

A

Union forces were outnumbered which led them to retreat when lee did Pickett’s charge which left them easy targets

133
Q

The Battle of Vicksburg

A

Turning point for union in war including the battle of Gettysburg

134
Q

Sherman’s March to the Sea

A

General Sherman led the march to Atlanta from Savannah Georgia

135
Q

Lee Surrendering to Grant

A

On April 9, 1865 Lee and his troops surrendered to Grant in a small Virginia village called Appomattox Courthouse

136
Q

13th Amendment

A

Abolished slavery in 1865

137
Q

14th Amendment

A

Gave full citizenship to anyone that was born in the US including African Americans

138
Q

15th Amendment

A

Gave African Americans the right to vote

139
Q

Lincoln Assassination – theater name, murderer, place of death

A

Fords theater, John Wilkes Booth, Petersen house

140
Q

10 Percent Plan and Radical Republican Plans for Reconstruction

A

Forgiving the south and the radical republican plan was harsher readmission process

141
Q

Freedman’s Bureau

A

Agency that helped African Americans be free

142
Q

Segregation

A

Isolation of group, race, or class

143
Q

Jim Crow Laws

A

The separation of whites and blacks in the south

144
Q

Ku Klux Klan

A

Largest anti African American terrorist organization in the south

8th History (11 decks)

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