Final 150 Part Two Flashcards
Election of 1800
- John Adams vs Thomas Jefferson
- Two candidates had 73 electoral votes Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr
- Election was decided by the House of Representatives
Louisiana Purchase
- France sells the territory for $15 million
- Doubled the size of US
- 1803 with 3rd president Thomas Jefferson
- Group of federalists threatened to secede from the union
Lewis and Clark Expedition
- Were sent out to explore Louisiana territory and find resources in 1804-1806
- Sacagawea talked to chiefs to tell them it was a peaceful mission
- Followed Missouri River
- Sparked a sense of adventure
Impressment and the attack of the Chesapeake
Impressment
-British impressed thousands of native US citizens
-Act forcing Americans to serve in British Navy
Attack on Chesapeake
-US ships was intercepted by British vessel demanding to search for dissenters , Captain refuses then British commander attacks
War Hawks from the War of 1812
War of 1812
-Impressment of soldiers and attack on the Chesapeake are causes of war and Treaty of Ghent ended the war ,signed Dec. 24
Henry Clay
-War Hawk,
Created a program called “The American System”
John C. Calhoun
-War Hawk, chief supporter of state sovereignty,
War of 1812 – DC burned, Fort McHenry, Battle of New Orleans
DC Burning
-British forces were able to march into Washington DC and burned the Capitol, president’s mansion, library of congress
Fort McHenry
-British attacked fort at the entrance at Baltimore Harbor
Battle of New Orleans
-January 8, 1815 took place after treaty was signed
-Decisive victory for US
-Helped the US gain respect around the world build a strong national identity (nationalism)
The Star Spangled Banner
After Fort McHenry bombardment Francis Scott Key was inspired to write the song
Monroe Doctrine
- Western Hemisphere was no longer open for colonization
- Was put in place due to many Latin American nations gaining independence from Spain
- Became an important part of American Foreign Policy instantly
Irish Potato Famine’s relationship to Immigration
1860s largest group of immigrants were from Ireland do to terrible potato famine
Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s convention
- Seneca Falls Convention was the first women rights convention in Seneca Falls New York and led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth fought for women’s suffrage and Susan B Anthony wanted equal pay, college training, and coeducation
- 1920 19th amendment was made for women’s suffrage
Industrial Revolution
Change from an agrarian society to one based on industry
In America the industrial revolution movement began in New England
Capitalism
- Economic system of the US
- Capitalism- individuals put their capital into a business in the hopes of making a profit
- Capital- money used for investment
Free Enterprise System
- Free enterprise/free market system-people are free to buy, sell, and produce what they want and can work where they wish
- Price/cost is set by supply and demand in free enterprise system
Supply and Demand
Prices/cost is set by supply and demand in an enterprise system
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin – what it did and why that was important
- Invented in 1793
- Interchangeable parts allowed complete products to be made using identical machine parts
- Made gathering cotton easier and is important because it increased slavery and growth of industry
Urban vs Rural
Urban-City
Rural-Country
Wilderness Road
- Route in Kentucky from the Atlantic coast (1775)
- Aided the early exploration of Tennessee because it made passing through the mountains easier and open the door for new settlement
Daniel Boone
- Daniel Boone and 30 skilled foresters blazed a trail that became the wilderness road
- This made him a long hunter, and American wilderness explorer for at least 6 months at a time
Cumberland Gap
In the mountains allowed for a path to be created that may passing through the Appalachian Mountains easier
The Corrupt Bargain
- The speaker of the house, Henry Clay, meets with Adams and agrees to use his influence to help Adams get the vote in the House of Representatives
- John Quincy Adams wins the election of 1824
- After corrupt bargain the Democratic Republican Party splits up
Andrew Jackson – spoils system, fight with the bank
- Andrew Jackson wins the election of 1824 against John Quincy Adams ,wins by a landslide
- Nickname old Hickory because he was tough as a hickory stick, $20 bill, lived in Nashville popularity with common man change politics in Washington DC
- Spoils system is the practice of replacing government employees with the winning candidate supporters
- Tried to kill the bank by withdrawing all federal funds from the national bank and placing them in smaller state banks
Indian Removal Act
- Act passed by Congress in order to relocate Native Americans in 1830, Indian territory was modern-day Oklahoma
- The Cherokee did not comply with the Indian removal act
Trail of Tears
- Relocation and movement of Cherokee from Georgia to Oklahoma
- In 1838 General Winfield Scott and an army of 7000 federal troops came to remove the Cherokee from their homes
- Seminole people were the only native American group to successfully resist removal
Sequoyah
-Sequoia is known for creating the written Cherokee language, alphabet
William Henry Harrison’s Presidency
- Ninth president
- Battle of Tippecanoe before War of 1812 (Tippecanoe and Tyler too)
- Gave inauguration speak that lasted over two hours
- Died of pneumonia shortly afterwards shortest presidency 32 days
Manifest Destiny
-Believe that America should extend its boundaries all the way to the Pacific ocean
Texas Rebellion
-
The Alamo – battle significance
- Santa Anna’s Mexico VS Travis’ Texans
- Defenders of the Alamo bought the Texans more needed time
- Texas declares independence on March 2, 1836 ,Sam Houston becomes commander in chief of the Texas forces
Davy Crockett
-Backwoodsman from Tennessee who volunteered to fight at the Alamo
Oregon Trail
-The Oregon Trail was used by sellers migrating to Pacific Northwest
James K Polk – President that fulfilled what?
- 11th president
- “Young Hickory”
- Firm believer in manifest destiny
- Determined to gain New Mexico and California because of trade
Mexican War – Border dispute, Mexican Cession
Mexican War
-April 24, 1846 Mexican troops attacked Zachary Taylor
- Mexico lost half of its territory
Border Disputes
-US believes the Texas border is the Rio Grande River and Mexico believe the border is the Nueces River
-Cause of the Mexican American war
Mexican Cession
-Ceded California and New Mexico and in return the US gave them $15 million
John Sutter and the California Gold Rush
John Sutter
-Obtained land in California
-1st to discover gold nugget on his property
-Gold seekers destroyed his property
California Gold Rush
-More than doubled the world supply of gold
-Levi Strauss sold miners sturdy pants made by denim
-End it in a few years but had a long lasting effects on California’s economy
Brigham Young
-Brigham Young lead the Migration to Utah to the Great Salt Lake area of Utah
The Missouri Compromise of 1820
- Help to preserve the balance between North and South
- Was made to have Maine enter as a free state and Missouri entered as a slave state (1820)
John Brown
Violent abolitionist that believed God had chosen him to end slavery
Harriet Tubman
-The most famous conductor for Underground Railroad
Underground Railroad
-A network of escape routes out of the south for enslaved people
Frederick Douglass
- Most well-known African-American abolitionist and worked hard to become a powerful speaker with wit and wisdom
- Escaped slavery in 1838
- Anti-slavery newspaper called the “North Star”
- Believed that the injustice of slavery destroyed America’s ideals of freedom
- In 1847 friends helped him purchase his freedom from his original slaveholder
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin
-Novel that explored the issue of slavery
Fugitive Slave Act
- Required all citizens to help catch runaway slaves in 1850 ,anyone who aided a fugitive slave could be fined or imprisoned
- The enforcement of this act caused more anger in the north
Kansas-Nebraska Act
- Increased amount of territory open to slaveholding in the US
- Kansas and Nebraska were North of the line set in Missouri compromise
Sumner-Brooks Incident
- Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts lashed out against those for slavery including Andrew P Butler from South Carolina
- Butler’s cousin Representative Preston Brooks walked into the Senate chamber and hit Sumner with a cane
Raid on Harper’s Ferry
- Lead 18 man on a raid to attack a weapon storage facility in Harpers Ferry, VA
- He hoped to start a rebellion against slaveholders but he and his men were quickly defeated by federal troops and local citizens
- Executed for treason in and his death became a rallying point for abolitionist
Dred Scott v Sandford
- “A slave VS his owner”
- The Dred Scott case divided the nation even more
- 11 years later the case went to the Supreme Court and Chief Justice Roger B. Taney said Scott was still a slave
- His decision basically stated that the Constitution protected slavery
Lincoln-Douglass debates – House Divided Speech
-Senate race in Illinois that became the center of national attention
-Representative, Abraham Lincoln VS Democrat, Stephen A Douglas
-Main topic was slavery
Lincoln
-Didn’t like slavery
Douglas
-Little giant
-Disliked slavery but didn’t think it was important enough to abolish it
Election of 1860
- Lincoln becomes 16th president
- More populous North outvoted the South
- Lincoln promised not to disturb slavery where it already existed, but many in the South did not trust him
Causes of the Civil War
- South did not trust Lincoln
- Many states seceded
- Attack on Fort Sumter
Fort Sumter
- Confederate guns opened fire on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861
- Fort Sumter attack marked the beginning of the civil war
Ulysses S. Grant
-He and 40,000 troops are headed to an important railroad junction in Mississippi there was a church named Shiloh near their resting point in South West Tennessee
Robert E. Lee
- Lead commander of the confederate side
- Opposed to slavery but still fought on the confederate side because he was a proud Virginian that would not fight against his own state
Stonewall Jackson
-Considered one of the most famous gifted tactical commanders in US history
First Battle of Bull Run
- First major battle of the civil war, fought near town of Manassas Junction and a small river named Bull Run
- 30,000 Union troops led by General Irvin McDowell attacked a confederate forces led by General PGT Beauregard
- Confederate troops became inspired by reinforcements led by General Thomas Jackson
- Confederates let out a loud and strange scream a rebel yell that terrified the northern soldiers and caused them to drop their weapons and retreat
- The Confederates were to disorganize and we can to pursue the fight
Anaconda Plan
Union war plan to defeat the south by dividing them into two
54th Massachusetts
-Most well known African American regiment
The Battle of Gettysburg
- Union forces are greatly outnumbered and are forced to retreat
- After 2 years of unsuccessful assaults Lee plans a attack that he hoped would create a panic and destroy the army
- Lead by General George Pickett a dis remembered as Pickett’s charge
The Battle of Vicksburg
-Turning point of the Civil War
Sherman’s March to the Sea
- General William Tecumseh Sherman led the western army towards Atlanta
- After burning Atlanta Sherman’s army began their historic “march to the sea” towards Savanna, Georgia
Lee Surrendering to Grant
- April 9, 1865 Lee surrendered to Grant in as all Virginia village called Appomattox Court House
- The terms of surrender was very forgiving
13th Amendment
Abolish slavery in 1865
14th Amendment
-Gave full citizenship to anyone born in US including African-American’s in 1866
15th Amendment
-Gave African-American men the right to vote in 1870
Lincoln Assassination – theater name, murderer, place of death
-April 14, 1865 Lincoln and his wife attended the play "Our American Cousin" Place -Ford's Theater Murderer -John Wilkes Booth Place of death -Petersen House
10 Percent Plan and Radical Republican Plans for Reconstruction
10 Percent Plan
-Forgiving of the South
Radical Republican Plan
-Wanted harsher readmission process
Freedman’s Bureau
Agency that helped African-Americans make the transition to freedom
Segregation
-Separation of the races
Jim Crow Laws
- Laws that required African-American’s and whites to be separated in almost every public place
- Laws were upheld in court case Plessy VS Ferguson, the court said segregation was illegal as long as it was separated and equal
Klu Klux Klan
-Largest anti-African American terrorist organization in the South
Number one crop in the South
Cotton
Bleeding Kansas
-First territory to shade blood in a Civil War over slavery
