Final 150 Part Two Flashcards
Election of 1800
John Adams vs Thomas Jefferson two candidates tied, election was decided by the House of Representatives, 12 Amendment
Louisiana Purchase
France sells Louisiana territory for $15 Million
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Lewis and Clark were sent on an expedition to explore this territory and find its resources, followed the Missouri River to the Pacific Ocean, inspired others to move west and settle
Impressment and the attack of the Chesapeake
Impressment- forcing Americans to serve in the British navy, the Chesapeake was intercepted by British vessel demanding to search for dissenters, captain refused and British commander attacked, America passed the Embargo Act
War Hawks from the War of 1812
People who pushed for war with GB such as Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun
War of 1812 – DC burned, Fort McHenry, Battle of New Orleans
The White House, the Capital, and the Library of Congress were all set on fire by British troops Fort Henry- British attacked fort McHenry near Baltimore harbor Battle of New Orleans- took place after the peace treaty was signed, made Andrew Jackson famous, victory
The Star Spangled Banner
Francis Scott Key was inspired by attack on Fort McHenry, to write the song “The Star-Spangled Banner”
Monroe Doctrine
The Western Hemisphere was no longer open for colonization
Irish Potato Famine’s relationship to Immigration
The Irish were starving so the immigrated to the US looking for work, the were the largest group of immigrants
Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s convention
First Women’s Rights convention, Seneca Falls, New York
Industrial Revolution
The change from an agrarian society to one based on industry
Capitalism
Individuals put their capital into a business in hopes of making a profit
Free Enterprise System
People are free to buy, sell, and produce what they want and can work where they wish
Supply and Demand
the amount of goods and services that are available for people to buy compared to the amount of goods and services that people want to buy
Number One Crop in the South in the 1800’s
cOttion
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin – what it did and why that was important
A machine that removes seeds from cotton, increased production
Urban vs Rural
Urban- city
Rural- Country
Wilderness Road
The trail blazed by Daniel Boone was the route to Kentucky from the Atlantic Coast, made passing through the mountains through Virginia Kentucky and Tennessee easier
Daniel Boone
Blazed the trail that became the wilderness road. A long hunter and American Wilderness explorer for a least 6 months at a time
Cumberland Gap
Gap in the mountains, allowed for a path to be created that made passing through the Appalachian Mountains easier
The Corrupt Bargain
The speaker of the house, Henry Clay, meets with Adams and agrees to use his influence to help Adams get the vote in the House of Representatives
Andrew Jackson – spoils system, fight with the bank
Spoils system-the practice of replacing gov’t employees with the winning candidates supporters Jackson tried to kill the bank by withdrawing all federal funds from the national bank and placing them in smaller state banks. made the nation enters a depression
Indian Removal Act
Act passed by congress in order to relocate Native Americans
Trail of Tears
Relocation and movement of Cherokee from Georgia to Oklahoma
Sequoyah
Known for creating the written Cherokee language
William Henry Harrison’s Presidency
Gave long inauguration speech, died of pneumonia shortly afterwards, shortest presidency 32 days
Manifest Destiny
The belief that the US was clearly destined by God to extend its boundaries to the Pacific Ocean
Texas Rebellion
The Alamo and when Texas became independent
The Alamo – battle significance
Santa Anna’s Mexico vs Travis’ Texans, the defenders at the Alamo bought the Texans some much needed time
Davy Crockett
Backwoodsman from Tennessee who volunteered to fight at the Alamo
Oregon Trail
Used by settlers migrated to the Pacific Northwest
James K Polk – President that fulfilled what?
Manifest Destiny
Mexican War – Border dispute, Mexican Cession
Us believed boarder was the Rio Grande, Mexico believed it was the Nueces River, caused Mexican troops to attack Zac Taylor and caused war. Mexican Cession- ceded California and New Mexico and in return the US gave them $15 Million
John Sutter and the California Gold Rush
John Sutter obtained land in California, and the first to discover gold. Gold Rush Doubled the worlds supply of gold, and created mining towns that had no police or prisons. Run by vigilance committees
Brigham Young
Led the migration of Mormons to the Great Salt Lake area of Utah
The Missouri Compromise of 1820
Helped preserve the balance between the North and the South, made to have Maine enter as free and Missouri as a slave state
John Brown
Violent Abolitionist that believed God had chosen him to end slavery
Harriet Tubman
The most famous Underground Railroad conductor
Underground Railroad
A network of escape routes out of the South for enslaved people
Frederick Douglass
Most well known Africa-American abolitionist, worked hard to become a powerful speaker with wit and wisdom 1. Edited anti-slaver newspaper North Star 2. Believed the injustice of slavery destroyed America’s ideals of freedom. 3. Friends helped him purchase his freedom in 1847
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Novel that explored the issue of slavery, the first internationally known American novel
Fugitive Slave Act
Requires all citizens to help catch runaway slaves in 1850. Anyone who aided a fugitive slave could be fined or imprisoned
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Increased the amount of territory open to slaveholding in the US
Bleeding Kansas
Kansas became the first territory to shed blood in a Civil war over slavery
Sumner-Brooks Incident
Senator Charles Summer lashed out against those for slavery including Andrew P. Butler. Butler’s cousin, Rep. Preston Brooks walked into the senate chamber and hit Summer with a cane
Raid on Harper’s Ferry
John Brown led 18 man raid to attack a weapons storage facility. He hoped to start a rebellion against slaveholders by arming slaves, but he and his men were quickly defeated. Brown was executed of treason and his death became a rallying point for abolitionists
Dred Scott v Sandford
Scott was bought in Missouri, his owner moved to Illinois,and Wisconsin. Scott claimed he should be free because he once lived on free soil, sued for his freedom. Rodger B. Taney said he was still a slave, decision said that the constitution protected slavery .
Lincoln-Douglass debates – House Divided Speech
Senate race in Illinois that became the center of national attention. Main topic was slavery. “I believe that this gov’t connotation endure permanently half slave and half free. A house divided against itself cannot stand.
Election of 1860
Lincoln becomes 16th president, more populous North outvoted South, Lincoln promised not to disturb slavery where it already existed many in South did not trust him
Causes of the Civil War
Forts Sumter attack, slaver and states rights as an issue
Fort Sumter
Confederate guns open on the fort on April 12, 1861, marked the beginning of the civil war
Ulysses S. Grant
Won the election of 1868, 18th president, main Union General during civil war
Robert E. Lee
Confederate commander- was opposed to slaver but still fought on Confederate side bc he was a proud Virginian would not fight against own state
Stonewall Jackson
One of The most gifted tactical commanders in US history
First Battle of Bull Run
First major battle of Civil war, fought near River named Bull Run, large rebel scream happens
Anaconda Plan
Union war plan to defeat the South by dividing them in two
54th Massachusetts
The most well-known African-American regiment
The Battle of Gettysburg
Union forces are outnumbered, Lee plans a plan that hope would create Painc! And destroy army. Led by Pickett, Pickett’s charge. Became easy targets for Yankees hiding in the hills, victories considered the turning point of the war.
The Battle of Vicksburg
Considered the turning point of the Civil War with Gettysburg
Sherman’s March to the Sea
General William Tecumseh Sherman led the Western army towards Atlanta, after burning Atlanta, Sherman’s Mary began their historic March to the sea towards Georgia
Lee Surrendering to Grant
On April 9, 1865 Lee and his troops surrendered to Grant in a small Virginia Village called Appomattox Court House
13th Amendment
Abolished slavery in 1865
14th Amendment
Gave full citizenship to anyone born in the US, including African-Americans in 1866
15th Amendment
Gave African American Men the fight to vote in 1870
Lincoln Assassination – theater name, murderer, place of death
Ford’s Theater, John Wilkes Booth, The Peterson House
10 Percent Plan and Radical Republican Plans for Reconstruction
Lincoln’s 10 Percent Plan- forgave the South
Radical Republicans- wanted a harsher readmission process
Freedman’s Bureau
Agency that helped African Americans make the transition to freedom
Segregation
Separation of the races
Jim Crow Laws
Laws that required African-American and whites to be separated in almost every public place
Ku Klux Klan
The largest anti-African-American terrorist organization in the south
