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Final 150 Part One Flashcards

1
Q

Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?

A

To acquire land and spread Christianity

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2
Q

Virginia Company

A

The joint stock company that established Jamestown

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3
Q

Jamestown

A

When governor, John Smith left they suffered and tobacco saved them

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4
Q

John Smith

A

First governor of Jamestown

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5
Q

Pocahontas

A

John Rolfe’s wife and daughter of Chief Powhatan

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6
Q

John Rolfe

A

Married Pocahontas

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7
Q

Tobacco

A

Main crop of settlers

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8
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A

Showed that the government could not ignore the demands of its people

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9
Q

Plymouth Colony

A

The colony of pilgrims

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10
Q

Pilgrims

A

Separatist who came to the colonies for religious purposes

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11
Q

Mayflower

A

Ship that pilgrims came over on (1620) and later settled in Virginia

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12
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

Pilgrims signed it. It set up an organized, orderly government

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13
Q

William Bradford

A

Famous for the writing of Plymouth Plantation. Led the pilgrims for over 30 years

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14
Q

Squanto and Samoset

A

During the first spring two Native Americans that befriended some pilgrims and showed them how to grow corn, beans, and squash. They also showed them how to hunt and fish.

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15
Q

Puritans

A

Protestants who wished to reform the Anglican Church

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16
Q

Massachusetts Bay Colony

A

In 1629 a group of puritans formed the colony based on the Bible

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17
Q

John Winthrop

A

Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

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18
Q

Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams

A

Were both taken to trial over disagreeing with Puritans and were kicked out of Massachusetts. They formed Rhode Island.

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19
Q

Salem Witch Trials

A

Series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft where many who were falsely accused, were killed.

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20
Q

William Penn

A

Founded Pennsylvania a Quaker that wrote their constitution

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21
Q

Quakers

A

Tolerant of others laws, their were pacifist (refused to fight), positive treatment towards women and Native Americans.

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22
Q

Pacifists

A

People opposed to fighting in war

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23
Q

James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony

A

Set up Georgia as a buffer state between the stronger English colonies and Spanish attacks and as a place where English debtors and the lower class could get a fresh start

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24
Q

First Great Awakening

A

Religious revival that swept through the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s

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25
Triangular Trade
A system in which slaves, crops, and manufactured goods were traded between Africa, the Caribbean, and the American colonies
26
Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union and Join or Die Cartoon
Benjamin Franklin wrote Poor Richard's Almanack, a collection of witty sayings such as, " a penny saved is a penny earned" Albany Plan of Union called for one general government for the 13 colonies in, design to help them defend themselves from the French First political cartoon in America was "Join or Die"
27
John Peter Zenger Trial
In 1733 he accused the governor of New York corruption in the New York Weekly Journal and was thrown in jail. Later he was found not guilty. This helped lead to freedom of press.
28
Cause of French and Indian War
Great Britain and colonies against French and Indians because of a dispute on who controlled the land in North America
29
Proclamation of 1763
Singed by Great Britain it halted western expansion by the settlers west of the Appalachian Mountains to appease the Native Americans
30
The Sugar Act
Lowered the tax on molasses to try and convince people to stop smuggling
31
The Stamp Act
Placed a tax on all printed materials in the colonies
32
The Boston Massacre
Fight between British soldiers and townspeople once a soldier gets knocked down the soldiers start firing on the crowd five people died. This was used as propaganda
33
The Boston Tea Party
Done in response to the tea act 1773. A group of colonist led by the Sons of Liberty board an EITC ship when it is set to be unloaded and they destroy the tea by throwing it into Boston Harbor
34
The Intolerable/Coercive Acts
Harsh laws intended to punish Massachusetts citizens as a reaction to the Boston Tea Party
35
Patrick Henry
Said " I am not a Virginian, but an American" . Persuaded the House of Burgesses to take action against the Stamp Act and and is the most anti-British political action from the Colonists up to this point
36
Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty
The Sons of Liberty was a secret society formed to protest the rights of the colonists and fight taxation by the British and was founded by Samuel Adams
37
John Hancock
Owned The Liberty was a well known protest leader
38
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
Called for colonies to have complete independence from Great Britain
39
Declaration of Independence – Year, location, author, significance
July 4, 1776, Philadelphia, Thomas Jefferson, explains why the colonies chose to form a new nation
40
Cause of American Revolutionary War
Taxation without representation
41
Loyalists
People who didn't think the taxes were enough of a reason to fight
42
Patriots
People who were determined to fight until independence was won
43
Battles of Lexington and Concord
Lexington was where minutemen fired the "shot heard 'round the world" Concord- 700 British soldiers were ordered to seize any ammunition at concord
44
Battle of Saratoga
Turning point of the war, France and Spain became allies of the colonies
45
Winter at Valley Forge
A time of terrible suffering without decent food clothing or shelter for Washington and his troops
46
Battle of Yorktown
The last major battle of the American Revolution
47
Benedict Arnold
A captain in the Connecticut militia who raised a force of 400 to seize Fort Ticonderoga. Hero of the Battle of Saratoga
48
Lead commander of the Patriots troops in the war
George Washington
49
Marquis de La Fayette
Believed that the future of America had a great influence on the future of man kind
50
Friedrich von Steuben
Drilled the troops at Valley Forge. Prussian born officer, is credited with teaching the Continental Army the essential of military drill and discipline
51
Francis Marion (swamp fox)
Considered the father of guerrilla warfare
52
guerrilla warfare
A hit and run technique
53
Treaty of Paris 1783
Ended the American Revolution
54
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Created one territory out of the lands North of the Ohio River and East of the Mississippi River
55
Articles of Confederation
America's first constitution. Unsuccessful because the government it provided was not strong enough to handle all of the problems of the country
56
Shays’ Rebellion
an uprising by Massachusetts farmers to fight the governments taxes on poor farmers
57
The Great Compromise
Established the model for congress used to this day
58
The 3/5 Compromise
Allowed southern states to count slaves as 3/5 of one free person for representation
59
The US Constitution – Father of, year, and purpose
James Madison, 1787, to strengthen the government
60
Bill of Rights
First ten amendments to the Constitution
61
1st Amendment
Guarantees freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press, and petition the government
62
2nd Amendment
Citizens have the right to bear arms
63
4th Amendment
Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures without due process of law
64
5th Amendment
Natural rights can not be deprived without due process of law
65
6th Amendment
You have the right to a speedy, public trial by an impartial jury
66
Three Branches of Government and their purpose
Legislative- law making branch Executive branch - carries out laws Judicial branch- interprets laws and declares laws or presidential acts unconstitutional
67
Whiskey Rebellion
A civil uprising against the taxing power of the federal government
68
Alexander Hamilton
Proposed a plan that would have the federal government take care of the state debts from the war
69
Alien and Sedition Acts
Alien acts-allowed President to deport aliens Sedition act- a crime to speak or write false criticism to try and weaken the government
70
John Sevier
First governor of Tennessee
71
Natchez Trace
An important route for trade between Mississippi and Nashville
72
Marbury v Madison
This was the 1st time the Supreme Court decided something was unconstitutional
73
Judicial review
Judicial review means the court can nullify actions of other branches.
74
McCulloch v Maryland
Said allowing states to tax local banks would give states to much power

History (11 decks)

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