Final 150-part 1

Question 1

Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?

Answer 1

?

Question 2

Virginia Company

Answer 2

~ joint-stock company that gained a charter to establish Jamestown
-joint-stock company, investors buy stock to help set the settlement up and once profits are reached, the investors get a percentage

Question 3

Jamestown

Answer 3

~was chosen because it was easy to defend
~lacked farmland and was swampy
~ spent too much time on looking for gold and silver, they didn’t grow enough food
~tobacco saved Jamestown(made money by tobacco)

Question 4

John Smith

Answer 4

~Governor of Jamestown for its first 2yrs.
~forced settlers to work and explore
~when he left for England, Jamestown suffered
~Powhatan tribe stopped growing food
~winter of 1609-1610 was called “the starving time”

Question 5

Pocahontas

Answer 5

~well known for saving John Smith’s life and bringing peace to British/Native American relations after her marriage to Rolfe
~married to John Rolfe

Question 6

John Rolfe

Answer 6

~sells very first tobacco in 1614 in England

~married Pocahontas

Question 7

Tobacco

Answer 7

~the growth of tobacco allowed Virginia to grow and prosper

~saved Jamestown

Question 8

Bacon’s Rebellion

Answer 8

~his uprising against Berkeley’s policies and anger over Native American raids had shown that the settlers were not content with being restricted to the coast
~more land was opened up for settlement

Question 9

Plymouth Colony

Answer 9

~

Question 10

Pilgrims

Answer 10

~separatists who came to the colonies for religious freedom
~came to America on the Mayflower on September 1620
~planned to go to New York, but landed North in Plymouth
~followed the Mayflower compact

Question 11

Mayflower

Answer 11

~Ship Pilgrims came to America on

Question 12

Mayflower Compact

Answer 12

~followed by the Pilgrims

Question 13

William Bradford

Answer 13

~led Pilgrims for over 30yrs.
~most famous for writing Plymouth Plantation
~started Thanksgiving

Question 14

Squanto and Samoset

Answer 14

~Native Americans who befriended the Pilgrims
~showed Pilgrims how to grow corn, beans, and squash
~also showed Pilgrims where to hunt and fish
~without this help, these people wouldn’t have survived

Question 15

Puritans

Answer 15

~prosecuted back in England and chose to leave
~had little toleration for any other religious beliefs
~criticized or prosecuted people who held other religious views

Question 16

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Answer 16

~in 1629 a group of Puritans form the Massachusetts Bay Colony
~was their colony based on the Bible

Question 17

John Winthrop

Answer 17

~was the Massachusetts Bay Colony’s group governor

Question 18

Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams

Answer 18

~were both taken to trial over disagreeing with Puritans
~were kicked out of Massachusetts
~they formed Rhode Island(was the first place in America where people of all faiths could worship freely

Question 19

Salem Witch Trials

Answer 19

~were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft where many who were falsely accused, were killed

Question 20

William Penn

Answer 20

~Founded the colony Pennsylvania

~also a Quaker that wrote their constitution

Question 21

Quakers

Answer 21

~everyone has an “inner light” to lead them to salvation
~everyone was equal in God’s sight
~they were very tolerant of other people’s views
~very different from Puritans
~they differed from most other groups in this time b/c of positive treatment towards women and Native Americans
~they were pacifist

Question 22

Pacifists

Answer 22

~people who refuse to fight in wars or use force

~Quakers were pacifists

Question 23

James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony

Answer 23

~Georgia was set up by James Oglethorpe
~was the first governor of Georgia(last British colony to be established in 1732)
~set up as a buffer state between the stronger English colonies and Spanish attacks
~also set up as a place where English debtors and lower class could get a fresh start

Question 24

First Great Awakening

Answer 24

~

Question 25

Triangular Trade

Answer 25

System which slaves, crops, and manufactured goods were traded b/w Africa, the Caribbean, and the American colonies

Question 26

Poor Richard’s Almanack

Answer 26

~collection of witty sayings, such as “A penny saved is a penny earned”
~wrote by Benjamin Franklin

Question 27

Albany Plan of Union

Answer 27

~called for one general gov’t for the 13 colonies
~was designed to help Colonies defend themselves from the French
~designed by Benjamin Franklin
~not a single colony approved the plan

Question 28

Join or Die Cartoon

Answer 28

~very first political cartoon in America

~drawn by Benjamin Franklin

Question 29

John Peter Zenger Trial

Answer 29

~in 1773 publisher John Peter Zenger accused governor of New York of corruption in NY Weekly Journal and was thrown in jail
~in court, Zenger was found not guilty
~this helped lead us to freedom of the press

Question 30

Cause of French and Indian War

Answer 30

~begins in 1754
~in America it is called “French and Indian War”
~in Europe it is called “Seven Years War”
~

Question 31

Proclamation of 1763

Answer 31

~

Question 32

The Sugar Act

Answer 32

~lowered tax on molasses to try and convince people to stop smuggling in 1764
~in the Act British officers were allowed to seize goods from smugglers w/o going to court
~this contradicts the British law of “innocent until proven guilty”

Question 33

The Stamp Act

Answer 33

~placed a tax on almost all printed material in the colonies

Question 34

The Boston Massacre

Answer 34

~March 5, 1770: fight breaks out b/w townspeople and British soldiers
~after one British soldier gets knocked down, another fires upon the crowd, the crowd then disperses(leaves)
~there were only 5 people killed
~was used successfully as a form of propaganda

Question 35

The Boston Tea Party

Answer 35

~midnight December 16, 1773: a group of colonists led by the Sons of Liberty board on East India Trading Company ship when it is set to be unloaded
~they destroy the tea by throwing it into the Boston Harbor
~was done as a response to the Tea Act of 1773

Question 36

The Intolerable/Coercive Acts

Answer 36

~harsh laws intended to punish Massachusetts citizens as a reaction to the Boston Tea Party, called the Coercive Acts in England
~they were called this b/c these acts closed Boston Harbor until the tea was paid for
~GB had to isolate Boston, but were not successful

Question 37

Patrick Henry

Answer 37

~at the first Continental Congress meeting Patrick Henry said “I am not a Virginian, but an American”

Question 38

Samuel Adams

Answer 38

~

Question 39

Sons of Liberty

Answer 39

~was a secret society formed to protect the rights of the colonists
~fight taxation by the British
~founded by Samuel Adams

Question 40

John Hancock

Answer 40

~well known protest leader
~owned the Liberty
~the Liberty:ship unloading wine that was charged with smuggling(Spring 1768)
~many colonists believed his ship was seized b/c he led protests against British gov’t

Question 41

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

Answer 41

~published January 1776
~he called for the colonies to have complete independence from GB
~Paine believes that the colonies should be a refuge from tyrants and persecution

Question 42

Declaration of Independence

Answer 42

Year:July 4, 1776
Location:Philadelphia
Author:Thomas Jefferson
Significance: was to explain why the colonies chose to form a new nation
~ John Hancock was he 1st person to sign it