Final 150-part 1 Flashcards
Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?
?
Virginia Company
~ joint-stock company that gained a charter to establish Jamestown
-joint-stock company, investors buy stock to help set the settlement up and once profits are reached, the investors get a percentage
Jamestown
~was chosen because it was easy to defend
~lacked farmland and was swampy
~ spent too much time on looking for gold and silver, they didn’t grow enough food
~tobacco saved Jamestown(made money by tobacco)
John Smith
~Governor of Jamestown for its first 2yrs.
~forced settlers to work and explore
~when he left for England, Jamestown suffered
~Powhatan tribe stopped growing food
~winter of 1609-1610 was called “the starving time”
Pocahontas
~well known for saving John Smith’s life and bringing peace to British/Native American relations after her marriage to Rolfe
~married to John Rolfe
John Rolfe
~sells very first tobacco in 1614 in England
~married Pocahontas
Tobacco
~the growth of tobacco allowed Virginia to grow and prosper
~saved Jamestown
Bacon’s Rebellion
~his uprising against Berkeley’s policies and anger over Native American raids had shown that the settlers were not content with being restricted to the coast
~more land was opened up for settlement
Plymouth Colony
~
Pilgrims
~separatists who came to the colonies for religious freedom
~came to America on the Mayflower on September 1620
~planned to go to New York, but landed North in Plymouth
~followed the Mayflower compact
Mayflower
~Ship Pilgrims came to America on
Mayflower Compact
~followed by the Pilgrims
William Bradford
~led Pilgrims for over 30yrs.
~most famous for writing Plymouth Plantation
~started Thanksgiving
Squanto and Samoset
~Native Americans who befriended the Pilgrims
~showed Pilgrims how to grow corn, beans, and squash
~also showed Pilgrims where to hunt and fish
~without this help, these people wouldn’t have survived
Puritans
~prosecuted back in England and chose to leave
~had little toleration for any other religious beliefs
~criticized or prosecuted people who held other religious views
Massachusetts Bay Colony
~in 1629 a group of Puritans form the Massachusetts Bay Colony
~was their colony based on the Bible
John Winthrop
~was the Massachusetts Bay Colony’s group governor
Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams
~were both taken to trial over disagreeing with Puritans
~were kicked out of Massachusetts
~they formed Rhode Island(was the first place in America where people of all faiths could worship freely
Salem Witch Trials
~were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft where many who were falsely accused, were killed
William Penn
~Founded the colony Pennsylvania
~also a Quaker that wrote their constitution
Quakers
~everyone has an “inner light” to lead them to salvation
~everyone was equal in God’s sight
~they were very tolerant of other people’s views
~very different from Puritans
~they differed from most other groups in this time b/c of positive treatment towards women and Native Americans
~they were pacifist
Pacifists
~people who refuse to fight in wars or use force
~Quakers were pacifists
James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony
~Georgia was set up by James Oglethorpe
~was the first governor of Georgia(last British colony to be established in 1732)
~set up as a buffer state between the stronger English colonies and Spanish attacks
~also set up as a place where English debtors and lower class could get a fresh start
First Great Awakening
~
Triangular Trade
System which slaves, crops, and manufactured goods were traded b/w Africa, the Caribbean, and the American colonies
Poor Richard’s Almanack
~collection of witty sayings, such as “A penny saved is a penny earned”
~wrote by Benjamin Franklin
Albany Plan of Union
~called for one general gov’t for the 13 colonies
~was designed to help Colonies defend themselves from the French
~designed by Benjamin Franklin
~not a single colony approved the plan
Join or Die Cartoon
~very first political cartoon in America
~drawn by Benjamin Franklin
John Peter Zenger Trial
~in 1773 publisher John Peter Zenger accused governor of New York of corruption in NY Weekly Journal and was thrown in jail
~in court, Zenger was found not guilty
~this helped lead us to freedom of the press
Cause of French and Indian War
~begins in 1754
~in America it is called “French and Indian War”
~in Europe it is called “Seven Years War”
~
Proclamation of 1763
~
The Sugar Act
~lowered tax on molasses to try and convince people to stop smuggling in 1764
~in the Act British officers were allowed to seize goods from smugglers w/o going to court
~this contradicts the British law of “innocent until proven guilty”
The Stamp Act
~placed a tax on almost all printed material in the colonies
The Boston Massacre
~March 5, 1770: fight breaks out b/w townspeople and British soldiers
~after one British soldier gets knocked down, another fires upon the crowd, the crowd then disperses(leaves)
~there were only 5 people killed
~was used successfully as a form of propaganda
The Boston Tea Party
~midnight December 16, 1773: a group of colonists led by the Sons of Liberty board on East India Trading Company ship when it is set to be unloaded
~they destroy the tea by throwing it into the Boston Harbor
~was done as a response to the Tea Act of 1773
The Intolerable/Coercive Acts
~harsh laws intended to punish Massachusetts citizens as a reaction to the Boston Tea Party, called the Coercive Acts in England
~they were called this b/c these acts closed Boston Harbor until the tea was paid for
~GB had to isolate Boston, but were not successful
Patrick Henry
~at the first Continental Congress meeting Patrick Henry said “I am not a Virginian, but an American”
Samuel Adams
~
Sons of Liberty
~was a secret society formed to protect the rights of the colonists
~fight taxation by the British
~founded by Samuel Adams
John Hancock
~well known protest leader
~owned the Liberty
~the Liberty:ship unloading wine that was charged with smuggling(Spring 1768)
~many colonists believed his ship was seized b/c he led protests against British gov’t
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
~published January 1776
~he called for the colonies to have complete independence from GB
~Paine believes that the colonies should be a refuge from tyrants and persecution
Declaration of Independence
Year:July 4, 1776
Location:Philadelphia
Author:Thomas Jefferson
Significance: was to explain why the colonies chose to form a new nation
~ John Hancock was he 1st person to sign it
