Chapter 9 Flashcards
What limits the power of the gov’t and protects the rights of the individual?
Bill of rights
What amendments make up the Bill of Rights?
1st 10 amendments
What is the difference between a law and an amendment?
Law~ bill that gets passed
Amendment~ change to an existing law
How does an amendment get proposed?
By 2/3 of Congress or 2/3 of the states
How does an amendment then get ratified?
Must be ratified by 3/4 of the state legislatures
What five civil liberties does the 1st Amendment protect?
Freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press, and petition the gov’t
What does the 2nd Amendment give you the right to own?
The right to own firearms
What does the 4th Amendment protect you from? (Placed as a result of the Sugar Act)
Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures without probable cause
What Amendment is important for people accused of committing crimes?
5th amendment
According to the 5th Amendment, natural rights cannot be taken away without what?
Without due process of law
What amendment gives you the right to a speedy, public trial by an impartial jury?
6th amendment
What does the 9th Amendment keep the government from doing?
Keeps gov’t from claiming the BoR are the only rights Americans have
What was given power in the 10th Amendment for protection?
Protection against the powers of a national gov’t
Who were the first President and Vice President in American history?
President~ George Washington
VP~ John Adams
What did each department of the Executive Branch deal with?
State Department; handle relations with other nations
Treasury Department; deals with financial matters
War Department; deals with nations defense
Who makes up the cabinet of the President?
Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, Henry Know, and the attorney general
Who was the first Secretary of State and Secretary of Treasury?
Secretary of State; Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of Treasury; Alexander Hamilton
What job title did Alexander Hamilton hold?
Federalist?
What act established a federal court system?
Judiciary Act of 1789
What could federal courts do to state laws if deemed necessary?
Overturn them
Who was John Jay?
1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
What is a national debt?
Amount the gov’t owed
What did Alexander Hamilton want to do with state debts after the war?
He proposed a plan that would have the federal gov’t take care of the state debts from the war
What area in America was against his plan and why did they feel this way?
Southern states because they owed less than the Northern states and would have to pay more than their hair share to compensate
Why did the South agree to accept Hamilton’s plan to lessen the national debt?
Because the capitol was moved to Washington DC
Why did Hamilton feel that it was ok for him to create a national bank?
B/c it fell within the content of the constitution
What is a tariff?
Tax on imported goods
What was the Whiskey Rebellion?
A civil uprising against the taxing power of the federal government
Why did Washington not want to run for a third term to the Presidency?
?
What are 3 aspects of the Federalist Party?
-favored a strong federal government
What are 4 aspects of the Democratic-Republican Party?
- state banks
- state governments
- rule by the people
- strict interpretation of the constitution
How did Washington feel about political parties?
He believed that they divided people and kept the government from working together
What is favoring one side in a political decision?
Partisan
Before the Election of 1796, what was held for the first time to determine Presidential candidates?
Caucuses
What was the crisis with France involving three agents that tried to get money from America?
XYZ affair
Why were three acts created after the XYZ Affair?
To protect the security of the nation and slow immigration
What was the Naturalization Act?
Required aliens to live in US for 14years before being able to apply for citizenship
What were the Alien Acts?
Allowed president to deport aliens
What was the Sedition Act?
Crime to speak or write false criticism to try and weaken the government
What Amendment did the Sedition Act contradict?
1st amendment
