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US History > Final 150 Part 1 > Flashcards

Final 150 Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?

A

To acquire new land, to spread Christianity

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2
Q

Virginia Company

A

The joint stock company that established Jamestown

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3
Q

Jamestown

A

First successful permanent English colony in North America

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4
Q

John Smith

A

Forced settlers to work, built ties with the Powhatan people and got food from them. (1609-1610 was after Smith was injured and called starving time)

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5
Q

Pocahontas

A

Befriends the English and convinces her father to help them. John Rolfe marries her. She returns to England with Rolfe.

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6
Q

John Rolfe

A

Married Pocahontas (Chief’s daughter) and starving time ends…women+children are brought to the colonies

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7
Q

Tobacco

A

Crop that saved Jamestown and brought more people

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8
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A

Showed the government that it could not ignore the demands of the people (stopped when Nathaniel bacon[young planter]died).

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9
Q

Plymouth Colony

A

The colony of the pilgrims

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10
Q

Pilgrims

A

1620 the Separatists land at Plymouth colony, and were able to get grants from the Virginia Company

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11
Q

Mayflower

A

The pilgrims boarded this ship and when it drifted off course they landed at Cape Cod-Plymouth

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12
Q

Mayflower compact

A

An organization of an orderly government and when people signed they promised to obey the laws “for the general good of the colony”

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13
Q

William Bradford

A

First governor of the Plymouth in 1621

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14
Q

Squanto and Samoset

A

Befriended the colonists and helped them survive. CORN BEANS AND SQUASH

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15
Q

Puritans

A

Settled the Massachusetts Bay colony (1630), John Winthrop governor, 15,000 people to escape persecution and economy hard times

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16
Q

Massachusetts Bay colony

A

Set up by the Puritans

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17
Q

John Winthrop

A

Governor of Mass. Bay colony

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18
Q

Anne Hutchison and Roger Williams

A

Banned from Mass. Bay colony for rebelling against the government

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19
Q

Salem Witch Trials

A

People were accused of witchcraft and were put to death or jail. 19 killed

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20
Q

William Penn

A

Founder of Pennsylvania

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21
Q

Quakers

A

Everyone is equal, follow “inner light”, pacifists, tolerant of other religions

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22
Q

Pacifists

A

Against fighting

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23
Q

James Oglethorpe’s debtor and Buffer Colony

A

Place for debtors to go and keep Spain out

Georgia

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24
Q

First Great Awakening

A

Religious revival in colonies

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25
Q

Triangular Trade

A

Trade route between America, Britain, and West Indies

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26
Q

Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union and Join or Die Cartoon

A
  1. Witty sayings “a penny saved is a penny earned”
  2. Failure to unify the colonists during the French and Indian War because each colony had to give up power
  3. It symbolizes how the other colonies unwilling to join will not survive the war
    All written by Ben Franklin
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27
Q

John Peter Zenger Trial

A

He was arrested for criticizing the government in one of his newspapers and was freed later
New York Weekly Journal

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28
Q

Cause of French and Indian War

A

The French and British both assumed they had the right to own the Ohio River Valley so they both built forts, but the French attacked the British forts and built on top: Fort Duquesne

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29
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

Helped remove conflict for the Natives and let the colonists move away from the coast. King George issued it

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30
Q

The Sugar Act

A

Prime Minister George Grenville issued it so that the molasses might not be smuggled, but also allowed officers to accuse innocents

31
Q

The Stamp Act

A

Raised taxes on printed items and needed a stamp to prove the tax had been paid. It outraged the colonists and they made the House of Burgesses express this

32
Q

The Boston Massacre

A

Colonists were trying to rebel against soldiers and dared them to fire and when one soldier was knocked down, they shot and killed 5 colonists

33
Q

The Boston Tea Party

A

Colonial merchants set up a boycott to dress as Indians and throw over all the tea of the East India Company ships

34
Q

The Intolerable/Coercive Acts

A

Laws meant to punish colonists for rebelling

35
Q

Patrick Henry

A

Member of the Virginia House of Burgesses and got them to make a resolution to say that they can only tax themselves

36
Q

Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty

A

Samuel Adams helped start the Sons of Liberty and they all protested

37
Q

John Hancock

A

Wealthy merchant from Mass.
Funded patriot groups (Sons of Liberty)
President of Second Continental Congress
First to sign Declaration of Independence

38
Q

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

A

Book written so the colonists would rebel and see that they needed independence from Britain

39
Q

Declaration of Independence – Year, location, author, significance

A

July 4, 1776, Thomas Jefferson, Philadelphia Pennsylvania, and was written to King George Grenville so that he would split from the colonies.

40
Q

Loyalists

A

People who believed the colonies should remain under Britain’s control.

41
Q

Patriots

A

People who believed the colonies should part from Britain

42
Q

Battles of Lexington and Concord

A

First fights in the Revolutionary War

43
Q

Battle of Saratoga

A

Turning point of the revolutionary war

44
Q

Winter at Valley Forge

A

Time of suffering with decent shelter, food, or supplies

Winter vs. Washington and his troops

45
Q

Battle of Yorktown

A

Last major battle of the revolutionary war

46
Q

Benedict Arnold

A

Hero of Saratoga Battle and was shot in the leg never to be in combat again

47
Q

George Washington

A

Lead commander of the Patriot troops in the war

48
Q

Marquis de La Fayette

A

Believed that the future of mankind depended on the future of America

49
Q

Friedrich Von Steuben

A

Prussian born officer, taught the continental army the basics of training for the military and discipline

50
Q

Francis Marion

A

Swamp Fox

Father of guerrilla warfare

51
Q

Guerrilla warfare

A

Hit and run tactics

52
Q

Treaty of Paris 1783

A

Ended the RW and recognized that the US was independent.

53
Q

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

A

Created one territory out of the lands north of the Ohio river valley and east of the MS river, contained bill of rights for settlers

54
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

Failed Constitution

Americas first constitution in November 1777

55
Q

Shays Rebellion

A

Revealed the need for a stronger central government, uprising by Mass. farmers to fight government taxes on poor farmers

56
Q

The great compromise

A

Established the model on Congress used to this day

57
Q

The 3/5 compromise

A

Allowed southern states to count slaves as 3/5 of one free person for representation

58
Q

The US constitution-father of, year, purpose

A

James Madison, March 9, 1789, created the branches of government and divided power, separated the state and national government

59
Q

Bill of rights

A

1st 10 amendments to the constitution

60
Q

1

A

Guarantees freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press, and petition of the government

61
Q

2

A

Right to bear arms

62
Q

4

A

Protects against unreasonable searches and seizes without probable cause

63
Q

5

A

Natural rights cannot be deprived without due process of law

64
Q

6

A

You have the right to a speedy, public trial by an impartial jury

65
Q

Branches of government and purposes

A

Legislative-makes laws
Executive-carries out laws
Judicial-interprets laws and declared a law or presidential act unconstitutional

66
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A

A civil uprising against the taxing power of the federal government

67
Q

Alexander Hamilton

A

Federalist
Favored a strong central government
Ruled by the wealthy
Loose interpretation of the constitution

68
Q

Alien and sedition acts

A

Alien-allowed the president to deport aliens

Sedition-a crime to speak or write false or criticizing accusations to weaken the government

69
Q

John Sevier

A

First governor of TN

70
Q

Natchez Trace

A

Became an important route for trade between MS and Nashville

71
Q

Marbury v Madison

A

The landmark court case that established judicial review

72
Q

Judicial review

A

The court can nullify actions of other branches

73
Q

McCulloch vs Maryland

A

Supreme Court case over states rights

US History (12 decks)

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