Final 150 Part 1 Flashcards
Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?
To acquire new land, to spread Christianity
Virginia Company
The joint stock company that established Jamestown
Jamestown
First successful permanent English colony in North America
John Smith
Forced settlers to work, built ties with the Powhatan people and got food from them. (1609-1610 was after Smith was injured and called starving time)
Pocahontas
Befriends the English and convinces her father to help them. John Rolfe marries her. She returns to England with Rolfe.
John Rolfe
Married Pocahontas (Chief’s daughter) and starving time ends…women+children are brought to the colonies
Tobacco
Crop that saved Jamestown and brought more people
Bacon’s Rebellion
Showed the government that it could not ignore the demands of the people (stopped when Nathaniel bacon[young planter]died).
Plymouth Colony
The colony of the pilgrims
Pilgrims
1620 the Separatists land at Plymouth colony, and were able to get grants from the Virginia Company
Mayflower
The pilgrims boarded this ship and when it drifted off course they landed at Cape Cod-Plymouth
Mayflower compact
An organization of an orderly government and when people signed they promised to obey the laws “for the general good of the colony”
William Bradford
First governor of the Plymouth in 1621
Squanto and Samoset
Befriended the colonists and helped them survive. CORN BEANS AND SQUASH
Puritans
Settled the Massachusetts Bay colony (1630), John Winthrop governor, 15,000 people to escape persecution and economy hard times
Massachusetts Bay colony
Set up by the Puritans
John Winthrop
Governor of Mass. Bay colony
Anne Hutchison and Roger Williams
Banned from Mass. Bay colony for rebelling against the government
Salem Witch Trials
People were accused of witchcraft and were put to death or jail. 19 killed
William Penn
Founder of Pennsylvania
Quakers
Everyone is equal, follow “inner light”, pacifists, tolerant of other religions
Pacifists
Against fighting
James Oglethorpe’s debtor and Buffer Colony
Place for debtors to go and keep Spain out
Georgia
First Great Awakening
Religious revival in colonies
Triangular Trade
Trade route between America, Britain, and West Indies
Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union and Join or Die Cartoon
- Witty sayings “a penny saved is a penny earned”
- Failure to unify the colonists during the French and Indian War because each colony had to give up power
- It symbolizes how the other colonies unwilling to join will not survive the war
All written by Ben Franklin
John Peter Zenger Trial
He was arrested for criticizing the government in one of his newspapers and was freed later
New York Weekly Journal
Cause of French and Indian War
The French and British both assumed they had the right to own the Ohio River Valley so they both built forts, but the French attacked the British forts and built on top: Fort Duquesne
Proclamation of 1763
Helped remove conflict for the Natives and let the colonists move away from the coast. King George issued it
The Sugar Act
Prime Minister George Grenville issued it so that the molasses might not be smuggled, but also allowed officers to accuse innocents
The Stamp Act
Raised taxes on printed items and needed a stamp to prove the tax had been paid. It outraged the colonists and they made the House of Burgesses express this
The Boston Massacre
Colonists were trying to rebel against soldiers and dared them to fire and when one soldier was knocked down, they shot and killed 5 colonists
The Boston Tea Party
Colonial merchants set up a boycott to dress as Indians and throw over all the tea of the East India Company ships
The Intolerable/Coercive Acts
Laws meant to punish colonists for rebelling
Patrick Henry
Member of the Virginia House of Burgesses and got them to make a resolution to say that they can only tax themselves
Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty
Samuel Adams helped start the Sons of Liberty and they all protested
John Hancock
Wealthy merchant from Mass.
Funded patriot groups (Sons of Liberty)
President of Second Continental Congress
First to sign Declaration of Independence
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
Book written so the colonists would rebel and see that they needed independence from Britain
Declaration of Independence – Year, location, author, significance
July 4, 1776, Thomas Jefferson, Philadelphia Pennsylvania, and was written to King George Grenville so that he would split from the colonies.
Loyalists
People who believed the colonies should remain under Britain’s control.
Patriots
People who believed the colonies should part from Britain
Battles of Lexington and Concord
First fights in the Revolutionary War
Battle of Saratoga
Turning point of the revolutionary war
Winter at Valley Forge
Time of suffering with decent shelter, food, or supplies
Winter vs. Washington and his troops
Battle of Yorktown
Last major battle of the revolutionary war
Benedict Arnold
Hero of Saratoga Battle and was shot in the leg never to be in combat again
George Washington
Lead commander of the Patriot troops in the war
Marquis de La Fayette
Believed that the future of mankind depended on the future of America
Friedrich Von Steuben
Prussian born officer, taught the continental army the basics of training for the military and discipline
Francis Marion
Swamp Fox
Father of guerrilla warfare
Guerrilla warfare
Hit and run tactics
Treaty of Paris 1783
Ended the RW and recognized that the US was independent.
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Created one territory out of the lands north of the Ohio river valley and east of the MS river, contained bill of rights for settlers
Articles of Confederation
Failed Constitution
Americas first constitution in November 1777
Shays Rebellion
Revealed the need for a stronger central government, uprising by Mass. farmers to fight government taxes on poor farmers
The great compromise
Established the model on Congress used to this day
The 3/5 compromise
Allowed southern states to count slaves as 3/5 of one free person for representation
The US constitution-father of, year, purpose
James Madison, March 9, 1789, created the branches of government and divided power, separated the state and national government
Bill of rights
1st 10 amendments to the constitution
1
Guarantees freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press, and petition of the government
2
Right to bear arms
4
Protects against unreasonable searches and seizes without probable cause
5
Natural rights cannot be deprived without due process of law
6
You have the right to a speedy, public trial by an impartial jury
Branches of government and purposes
Legislative-makes laws
Executive-carries out laws
Judicial-interprets laws and declared a law or presidential act unconstitutional
Whiskey Rebellion
A civil uprising against the taxing power of the federal government
Alexander Hamilton
Federalist
Favored a strong central government
Ruled by the wealthy
Loose interpretation of the constitution
Alien and sedition acts
Alien-allowed the president to deport aliens
Sedition-a crime to speak or write false or criticizing accusations to weaken the government
John Sevier
First governor of TN
Natchez Trace
Became an important route for trade between MS and Nashville
Marbury v Madison
The landmark court case that established judicial review
Judicial review
The court can nullify actions of other branches
McCulloch vs Maryland
Supreme Court case over states rights
