Final 150 Flashcards
Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?
To acquire new land and to spread Christianity
Virginia Company
Joint Stock company that established Jamestown
Jamestown
Establishment of the Virginia company that spent most of time looking for silver and gold-tobacco saved Jamestown
John Smith
First governor of Jamestown -built relationship with chief Powhatan
Pocahontas
Known for saving John Smiths life & also ; bringing peace between Britain & and ; also; Native Americans relations after her marriage to John Rolfe
John Rolfe
Husband of Powhatan’s daughter Pocahontas
- sold first crop in England
- this tobacco led Virginia to prosper
Tobacco
Helped Virginia company to grow and prosper
Bacon’s Rebellion
Led by the “greatest rebel in Virginia”,Nathaniel Bacon
-was to show that settlers were not happy with being restricted to the coast
Plymouth Colony
The colony of the pilgrims
Pilgrims
Settlers that came to Plymouth/America on the Mayflower
Mayflower Compact
Document signed by the pilgrims to set up and organized and orderly government
William Bradford
Leader of the pilgrims for 30 years
- mad thanksgiving a holiday
- wrote Plymouth Plantation
Squanto and Samoset
Native Americans who made peace with the pilgrims and helped the settlers make peace with the settlers
Puritans
Group with Biblical based Ideas
- known for the Salem witch trials
- not tolerant of other religions
Massachusetts Bay Colony
John Winthrop’s colony of the Puritans
John Winthrop
Governor of the Puritans
Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams
-disagreed with Puritans so we’re kicked out of Massachusetts Bay Colony and then formed Rhode Island
Salem Witch Trials
A series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft where many were falsely accused and killed
William Penn
A Quaker who founded Pennsylvania that wrote there constitution
Quakers
Tolerant of other religions
- refused to fight or use force
- everyone is equal in Gods sight
Pacifists
People who refuse to fight in wars or use force
James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony
Set up Georgia
-Georgia was a buffer state or state set up to divide
First Great Awakening
Religious revival that swept through the colonies
-belief spreads that, through God all are equal
Triangular Trade
System in which slaves,crops, and manufactured goods were traded between Africa, the Caribbean, and American Colonies
Poor Richards Almanac,Albany Plan of Union, and Join or die cartoon
- almanac for common sense sake
- plan for colonies to defend themselves from French
- first political cartoon in America
John Peter Zenger Trial
Zenger accused governor of New York of corruption in the New York weekly Journal and was thrown in jIl
-was found not guilty what ch led to freedom of the press
Cause of French and War
After the Albany Plan of union failed war began
Proclamation of 1763
Was used to put an end to fighting
-halted western expansion by settlers of Appalachian mountains to appease the Native Americans
The Sugar Act
Tax on mole asses to try and convince people to stop smuggling
- during this British officers were allowed to seize goods without court
- which goes against idea of “innocent till proven guilty”
The Stamp Act
Placed a tax on al lost all printed material in the colonies
The Boston Massacre
A slaughter of innocent Americans by Redcoats which was used as a form of propaganda, info. designed to influence opinion
Boston Tea Party
- Midnight Dec. 16,1773 A group of colonists led by the Sons of Liberty board an East Indian boat and threw all the tea into the Boston harbor
- used for response of Tea Act
The Intolerable/Coercive Acts
Named because these ad s closed Boston Harbor till tea was paid for
-Great Britain tried to isolate Boston,but we’re not successful
Patrick Henry
Said “I am not a Virginian, but an American”.
Samuel Adams and Sons of Liberty
Adams started Sons of Liberty
-protesters of the Stamp Act
John Hancock
Owner of The Liberty
-also well known protestor
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
Called for America to have independence from Great Britain
Declaration of Independence
July 4,1776
- in Philadelphia
- written by Thomas Jefferson
- explained why colonies chose to form a new nation
Cause of American Revolutionary War
British taxes
Loyalists
Also known as Tories
- they were colonists still loyal to Great Britain
- about 20% were Tories
Patriots
- rebels
- determined to fight till independence was won
Battles of Lexington and Concord
Was the battle where Minutemen fired the “shot heard’ round the world”
Battle of Saratoga
Turning point of the Revolutionary war
-after Saratoga France and Spain became allies of the colonies
Winter at Valley Forge
-a time of terrible suffering without decent food,clothing,or shelter for Washington and his troops
Battle of Yorktown
Last major battle of the American Revolution
Benedict Arnold
Was the head of the Battle of Saratoga
Lead Commander of the Patriots troops in the war
George Washington
Marquis de La Fayette
A leader at Valley Forge
- believed that the future of America influenced the future of mankind
Fredrich Von Steuben
Drilled the troops at Valley forge
-known for teaching the continental army essentials of military and disclipne
Francis Marion
Also known as swamp fox
-father of guerrilla warfare-a hit and run war technique
Guerrilla warfare
A hit and run war technique
Treaty of Paris 1783
Great Britain recognized US as an independent nation
Northwest ordinance of 1787
Created a territory out of the lands North of the Ohio River and East of the Mississippi River
-first attempt in US history to stop the spread of slavery
Articles of Confederation
The original constitution of the US that provided a week central government
Shay’s Rebellion
Uprising of Massachusetts farmers to fight the government taxes on poor farmers
-revealed need God a stronger government
The Great Compromise
Established the model for congress used to this day
The 3/5 compromise
Allowed southern states to count slaves as 3/5 of one free person
-helped them gain more delegates in House of Representatives
The Us Constitution
James Madison is father of the Constitution
- 1787
- used to creat a new system of government for the nation
Bill of Rights
1st-10th Amendments of the constitution
-limit power of government and protected rights of individual
1st Amendment
Freedom of speech,press,right to assembly,and petition
2nd Amendment
Right to bear arms
3rd Amendment
Government can’t force US citizens to house soldiers in there phone
4th Amendment
US citizens are protected unreasonable searches of a persons property
5th Amendment
The government cannot force people to testify against themselves in court
6th Amendment
US citizens have the right to a speedy trial
Three Branches of Government
Legislative -makes laws Executive -signs laws Judicial -decides if laws are constitutional
Whiskey Rebellion
A civil uprising against the taxing power of the federal government
Alexander Hamilton
Was secretary of treasury
Alien Sedition Acts
Alien - Allowed Presidents to deport aliens
Sedition - a crime to speak or write false criticism to try and weaken the government
-contradicts the first amendment
John Sevier
1st governor of TN
Natchez Trace
Trade route for farmers to get back home from Nashville to Mississippi after selling crops down the Mississippi River
Marbury v. Madison
Landmark court case that established judicial review
-was the first time Supreme Court decided something was unconstitutional
Judicial Review
-the court can nullify actions of other branches
McCulloch v. Maryland
Supreme Court case over states’ rights
