FINAL Flashcards
Rhythm
duration of music, in and between beats
Harmony
Vertical alignment of pitches, pitches on top of another
Timbre
the tone color of an instrument
Melody
singable in one breath; horizontal alignment of pitches, one after another
Dynamics
volume (loud or soft)
Tempo
speed (how fast or slow)
Key
specific pitch name
Monophonic
one line
Polyphonic
more than one line
Homophonic
one line with accompaniment
Meter
a reoccurring pattern of strong and weak beats
Tonality
Within a key, a feeling of centrality
Secular Music
nonreligious music
Functional Harmony
chords have a specific function, taking you somewhere and driving it forward
Recitative
half singing, half reciting style of presenting words in opera, designed to further the plot
Aria
designed for a solo singer, stopping the action and elaborating on the character’s feelings in an opera
The text of an Opera is known as…
libretto
Outsider Music
music outside of mainstream
What are the three parts of the sonata-allegro?
exposition, development, recapitulation
Rondo Form
one main theme or tune alternating with other themes or sections
When were the public concerts created?
classical era
Movement
self-contained sections in a large piece of music
Form in Music
the beginning, middle, and end. It is the structure/shape of the music
Symphony
a large concert piece for orchestra made up of several movements
Sonata
a piece for one or two instruments, in three movements
Lieder
German art song
Etude
study intended to perfect the performers’ technique
Chamber Music
2-9 players; originally performed in smaller rooms (known as the string quartet)
Music…
occurs in real time
Nocturne
night music
Concerto
a large work for orchestra and soloist, usually in 3 movements
Serialism
goes through the entire tone row, replaces functional harmony
Opera
drama presented in music
Chance Music
music with notes or pitches not specified by the composer
Music Concrete
music composed with natural sounds recorded electronically
Neoclassicism
a return to the style and form of pre-Romantic music but using 20th-century rhythms and harmonic style
Post Modern
return to tonality, simple melodies/harmonies
Atonality
absence of key center
Fine Art
cultivated European tradition, made to challenge listeners and players, confronts life and has historical significance
Folk Art
has an oral tradition, preserves history and ethnic identity, does not need to be popular ideals with political and social issues
Popular Art
for the middle class, for mass consumption and commercial success and does not real with reality but imitates it.
3 characteristics of Medieval/ Renaissance music
one melody, plainchant, modal harmony
3 characteristics of Baroque music
contrapuntal, one emotion, ornate melodies with embellishments
3 characteristics of Classical music
simple singable melodies, rondo form, many moods
3 characteristics of Romanticism music
rubato, opera, chromatic
3 characteristics of Modernist music
serialism, barbarism, non-diatonic
3 composers from the Baroque period
Vivaldi, Bach, and Corelli
3 composers from the Classical period
Beethoven, Mozart, Hayden
3 composers from the Romantic period
Beethoven, Chopan, Tchaikovsky
3 composers from the Modern period
Cage, Shonberg, Crumb
3 composers from the Postmodern period
Glass, Adams, Riley
3 aspects of African culture not taken by slavery
religion, music, dance
Wagner
coined “total work of art” and created chromaticism (using all or many notes on a keyboard
What is rock n roll a euphemism for?
sex
What older African music that contributed to R&B
blues
Slave characteristics in rock n roll
call and response, hidden meanings, non-diatonic
Why was Elvis important for rock n roll?
He was a white guy acting like a black guy
Why was the Beatles important to rock n roll?
Made it mainstream
Name 3 styles that make up rock n roll
Blues, Gospel, Country
Earliest form of African music
Gospel (call and response?)
Core elements associated with rock n roll
rebellious attitudes, back beat basic rhythm section, I, IV, V chords
3 pioneers of rock n roll
Buddy Holly, Elvis, Lil Richard
Allan Freed coined the term Rock n Roll and used it as a code for what form of music
R&B
Aspects of jazz
improvisation, changes, hand-held instruments
