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US History Final > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

What was acquired in the west because of conflict over slavery?

A

Lands

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2
Q

Missouri Compromise

A

1820 – Above the line 36 – 30 + FREE, below the line = SLAVE – Henry Clay

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3
Q

Wilmot Proviso

A

1846 - said that all land acquired from Mexico should be free (not open to slavery)
*TALK OF SECCESSION FOR THE FIRST TIME – LEAVE THE UNION

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4
Q

“Peculiar Institution”

A

unique to the American south - name used by southern white’s for SLAVERY

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4
Q

A compromise was made that allowed each state to decide whether to allow slavery. WHY?

A

Economies not based on agriculture!
- only existed in the south
- Dying out in the South too! Why? Not profitable!

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5
Q

Eli Whitney

A

invented the Cotton Gin – Turning point in American history of slavery!

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6
Q

Why was the Cotton Gin a turning point of the war?

A

This invention made it profitable and created a demand for more workers

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7
Q

What replaced sugar as the world’s major crop produced by slave labor?

A

Cotton

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8
Q

Even thought the slave trade was abolished in 1806 in the USA slavery continued to prosper, WHY?

A

Hugely profitable for both the South and North:
“King Cotton” - 50% of US income!

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9
Q

What was the name for cotton?

A

“White Gold”

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10
Q

“Lords of the Lash”

A

Southern plantation owners - grew ¾ (75%) of the world’s cotton!

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11
Q

Who was a major buyer of cotton?

A

Great Britain

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12
Q

Mason-Dixon Line

A

(Maryland/Pennsylvania) dividing line between slavery and freedom

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13
Q

Why was slavery/ cotton was actually destroying the southern economy?

A

Plantation agriculture (cotton) – was wasteful “land butchery” – destroyed the soil!

Economy had no diversification – all dependent on one crop *(all eggs in one basket) = cotton!
All their $ - invested in land & slaves!

South was economically dependent on north:

Produced almost no manufactured goods! (Less than 10%)
Not enough food – grew mostly cotton, tobacco, and sugar cane

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14
Q

Compromise of 1850

A

Attempt to save Union – Henry Clay – 5 provisions!
1. Allowed California to enter the Union as a free state (N)
2. Divided to rest of the Mexican Cession into the territories of New Mexico and Utah (S)
3. End the slave trade in Washington D.C (N)
4. Included a strict fugitive slave law (S)
5.Settled a border dispute between Texas a New Mexico (B)
6.Popular sovereignty – Let the American people decide for themselves the issue of slavery – promoted by Stephen Douglas

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15
Q

The Fugitive Slave Law

A

Required all American citizens to help catch and return runaway slaves to the South

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16
Q

Personal Liberty laws

A

were laws passed by several northern states to disobey the Fugitive Slave Acts of 1850

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17
Q

How did the fugitive slave law and personal liberty laws split the two sides?

A

It caused many Northerners to see slavery for the first time – This caused many to become abolitionists!

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18
Q

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

A

Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. Written as Propaganda.

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19
Q

Bleeding Kansas

A

Border War – abolitionists vs pro-slavery

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20
Q

Kansas - Nebraska Act

A

introduced – purpose was to allow “popular sovereignty” (let the people decide slavery issue

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21
Q

Raid at Haper’s Ferry

A

Abolitionist John Brown attempts to lead an armed slave insurrection in Virginia
Purpose is to abolish slavery by force

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22
Q

*Harpers Ferry – USA Federal arsenal (Storehouse of guns and ammunition)
Uprising failed – WHY?

A

No slaves came

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23
Q

What was John Brown captured and put on trial for?

A

Treason

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24
Q

What did both the South and North see John Brown as?

A

North: A martyr
South: A traitor

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25
Q

The American Civil War – (War between the States)

A

Bloodiest war in American history! *(more men died than all other US wars combined)

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26
Q

Major causes of the civil war

A

1.Westward expansion of slavery?
2. States’ rights (state gov. Had more power than the federal gov.)
3. Slavery (economics, politics and morality)

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27
Q

Results of the civil war

A
  1. Over 600,000 men lost their lives (2% of the population)
  2. The South was destroyed!
  3. Slavery was ended!
  4. Saved the Union
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28
Q

Total War

A

When a country devotes all its resources toward the war effort

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29
Q

*Fort Sumter – located in Charleston

A

Where civil war began

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30
Q

What dilemma did the South face in the beginning of the war?

A
  1. If they allowed the North to keep the fort – Their new government would appear weak!
  2. If they took the fort by force – they would be blamed for starting the war.
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31
Q

“Copperheads”

A

Northerner Democrats who sympathized with the south

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32
Q

What were the border slave states? (crucial to both)

A
  1. Delaware
  2. Kentucky
  3. Missouri
  4. *Maryland: (most important)
33
Q

What were the NORTH’s advantages in the civil war?

A
  1. Large population (men)
  2. *Abundant industry (supplies)
  3. *Abundant food supply
  4. Large navy (blockade)
34
Q

What were the NORTH’s disadvantages in the civil war?

A
  1. Had to invade and conquer the south
  2. Poor military leadership (officers)
  3. Poorly trained soldiers
35
Q

What were the SOUTH’s advantages in the civil war?

A
  1. United behind a cause (independence)
  2. Well trained men
  3. Superior military leadership
  4. Only had to defend their territory (familiar)
36
Q

What were the SOUTH’s disadvantages in the civil war?

A
  1. Lack of men, supplies and food
  2. State’s rights
  3. Small navy
37
Q

What were the North’s main goals during the civil war?

A
  1. To save the Union!
  2. Later it was to free the slaves
38
Q

What were the South’s main goals during the civil war?

A

Win independence and to preserve slavery

39
Q

What were the North’s strategies to win the civil war?

A
  1. Capture Richmond (capitol)
  2. Capture the Mississippi River *(main highway)
  3. Blockade all Southern ports (Anaconda plan – squeeze the life out of the South)
40
Q

What were the South’s strategies to win the civil war?

A
  1. Get foreign assistance
  2. Wear the North down – get them to quit!
41
Q

*Battle of the Ironclads: (Hampton Roads) 1862

A

Monitor vs Merrimac *(CSA Virginia)
- Turning point in naval warfare
- * wooden ships became obsolete!

42
Q

CSA Alabama

A

sank over 60 union ships! Most successful during the war!

43
Q

HL Hunley

A
  • Confederate submarine
  • First submarine in history to sink an enemy ship
44
Q

Battles of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson. Results?

A

Ulysses S. Grant- Union commander capture both of these forts– “unconditional surrender”
Results: North now controlled the Upper Mississippi River

45
Q

Battle of Shiloh

A

Port of New Orleans was captured by Northern Admiral David Farragut – cut off the mouth of the Mississippi River

46
Q

Vicksburg

A

The South’s last hold (fort) on the Mississippi River! 6 month SIEGE

47
Q

Gen. george McClellan

A

“Young Napoleon” – new commander of the Union army – *Army of the Potomac (major army of the North)

48
Q

Free Sail Party

A

opposed to the expansion of slavery west.

49
Q

American Party

A

opposed to immigrants

50
Q

Republican Party

A

anti-slavery party

51
Q

James Buchanan

A

became president in the election of 1856

52
Q

Illinois Senate election of 1858 (Lincoln Douglas debates)

A

Lincoln gave his famous House Divided Speech

53
Q

What were the results of the Lincoln Douglas Debates?

A
  • Reintegrated Lincoln’s career
  • Made him a “national figure”
  • Propelled him to the White House in 1860
54
Q

What was the Republican Party’s goal?

A

to stop the spread of slavery

55
Q

what was the democrat party’s goal?

A

to preserve slavery

56
Q

what was the goal of the constitutional union party?

A

to save the union

57
Q

What state was the first to leave the union?

A

south carolina

58
Q

What is the name of the government the southern states created?

A

Confederate States of America

59
Q

Which 2 southerners opposed to the south seceding from the union? why?

A

Robert E. Lee and Sam Houston; said it was a big mistake.

60
Q

Why did Abraham Lincoln oppose the south leaving the union?

A

he thought it went against the constitution

61
Q

Fort Summter

A

34 hour battle, where the civil war began

62
Q

What were the results of the attack at fort sumter?

A
  • the war had begun
  • three more states left the union (virginia, north carolina, tennessee)
63
Q

copperheads

A

northern democrats who sympathized with the south

64
Q

Border slave states (crucial to both)

A
  • Delaware
  • Kentucky
  • Missouri
  • Maryland (MOST IMPORTANT)
65
Q

Why were the border slave states particularly important to the south?

A

Hald of the south’s white population lived in the states

66
Q

Jeb Stuart

A

Calvary commander “eyes and ears” of lee’s army

67
Q

Who did the south hope would join them?

A

Great Britain and France

68
Q

Battle of Anteitam

A

Single bloodiest day in American history, McClellan found Lee’s battle plan, north wins

69
Q

Why was the Battle of Amteitam a turning point of the war?

A

Lincoln decided to emancipate the slaves.. changed the goal of the war

70
Q

Result of Battle of Anteitam

A

Emancipation Proclamation (freed all the slaves in the south)

71
Q

Why did Lincoln only free the slaves in the south?

A

feared he would lose the support of the border states

72
Q

Effects of the Proclamation

A
  • kept england and france out of the war
  • encouraged slaves to run away
  • blacks joined up to fight as soldiers
  • *** LED TO THE PASSING OF THE 13TH AMMENDMENT WHICH EVENTUALLY ABOLISHED SLAVERY
73
Q

new rifled muskets

A

new weapons, very accurate DEADLY

74
Q

Dorthea Dix

A

First Nursing Corps

75
Q

Clara Borton

A

“Angel of the Battlefield”

76
Q

Sally Thompkins

A

Southern nursing corps

77
Q

Elizabeth Blackwell

A

1st woman doctor in USA

78
Q

Juliet Ward

A

wrote the “Battle Hymn of the Republic”

79
Q

Battle of Gettysburg

A

Largest battle in the western hemisphere (*High tide for the confederacy)

80
Q

Lawrence Chamberlain

A

held the hill and the northern right flank

81
Q

Battle of Pettersbug

A

turned into a 9 month siege

US History Final (3 decks)

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