Final Flashcards
1
Q
Three main reasons for human factors engineering.
A
Safety, Performance, Satisfaction
2
Q
HF Design Process
A
Create Evaluate Understand
3
Q
Task Design
A
Changing what operators do
4
Q
Equipment Design
A
Changing equipment people work with
5
Q
Environmental Design
A
Changing environment where work is done
6
Q
Training
A
Enhancing knowledge and skills
7
Q
Selection
A
Picking people suited for the task
8
Q
Team and organization design
A
Group communication and organizational climate
9
Q
Systems Thinking
A
Interconnection, adaptation, environment
10
Q
UI
A
Design of GUI
11
Q
UX
A
GUI and user interaction with the system
12
Q
System Design Processes
A
VEE, Plan-Do-Check-Act-Cycle, Scrum
13
Q
Independent variables
A
Variables being changed
14
Q
Dependent variables
A
Variables to be studied
15
Q
Confounding variables
A
Outside influences on results
16
Q
Within-subject
A
All subjects receive all levels of IV
17
Q
Between-subject
A
Every level of IV has different subjects
18
Q
Type I error =
A
False positive
19
Q
Type II error =
A
False-negative
20
Q
p-values issues
A
Forces binary thinking, not representative of effect size
21
Q
p-value alternatives
A
Confidence intervals, effect sizes, Bayestian
22
Q
Luminance vs brightness
A
Luminance is the intensity of photons, brightness is the perceived amount of light
23
Q
Fovea
A
The central area of the eye is almost exclusively of cones
24
Q
Cones
A
Perceive color
25
Rods
Perceive BW and brightness
26
Ciliary body
Muscles that adjust the lens
27
Order of cones by wavelength
S (blue), M (green), L (red)
28
Top-down processing
Experience and knowledge
29
Bottom-up processing
Stimulus from the words
30
Signal Detection Theory
Hit | False Alarm
______|________________
Miss |Correct reject
31
Ways to improve ROC curve
Different discrimination, sensitivity
32
Affordances
Possible interactions between user and object
33
Gestalt Grouping types
Proximity, similarity, continuity, symmetry, area, closure
34
Common fate
Items moving together will be perceived as a unit
35
Figure ground
People perceive items as in the foreground or in the background
36
Sound envelope
Attack, sustain, decay
37
Timbre
Fundamental frequency and multiple harmonics
38
Malleus, Incus, Stapes
Middle ear bones
39
Cochlea
Made up of organ of corti
40
Organ of corti
Lots of little hairs moved by membrane that generate electrical signals
41
Loudness
Perception of sound intensity
42
Temporary Threshold Shift
Ears temporarily attenuate sounds when in loud environment, takes time to recover
43
Just noticeable difference (Weber's Law)
K= Constant, delta I= Change in intensity, I = Absolute level of intensity
44
Alarm principles
Heard over background, avoid excessive intensity, Should not startle, doesn't disrupt processing of other signals, Is information and not confusing
45
Vestibular System
Used for balance
46
Motion sickness
Comes from a disconnect between vestibular system and movement
47
Cognitive bandwidth
How quickly environment changes
48
Cognitive Familiarity
How often and for how long a person has experienced an environment
49
Cognitive knowledge in the world
Extent information is indicated by features in the environment
50
Human Information Processing
How resources are allocated between sensing, perception, cognition, response
51
SEEV
Salience, Effort, Expectancy, Value
52
Perception formula
S-Ef+Ex+V
53
WM types
Visuospatial sketchpad, Phonological loop, episodic buffer
54
LTM types
Semantic/declarative, episodic, procedural
55
Multiple Resource Theory
Mind has limited resources for processing. Different modalities can have different levels.
56
Interruption lag
Time required from old task until new task
57
Fluency of return
Rate that new task full attention is gained
58
System 1
Skill based, intuitive, Normative and Descriptive DM, more proficient
59
System 2
Knowledge based, analytic, Heuristics and Biases, less proficient
60
Decision making stages
Acquire and integrate, interpret and asses, plan and choose, monitor and correct
61
SA
Perception of elements in environment, comprehension of meaning, projection of their status in near future
62
Fitts Law
Response time predicted by distance between inputs and size of target
63
Automation OOTLUF
Poor detection, poor situation, skill lose when using automation
64
Link analysis
Study of movement between inputs
65
Joint types
Synovial- no tissue between joins
Fibrous- Connecting bones of skull with fibrous tissue
Cartilaginous- Intervertebral discs
66
NIOSH Lifting Equation
RWL= LC * HM * VM* DM * AM * FM * CM
LC: Load Constant
HM: Horizontal Multiplier
VM: Vertical Multiplier
DM: Distance Multiplier
AM: Asymmetric Multiplier
FM: Multiplier
CM: Coupling Multiplier
67
Lifting Index
>3 high risk for low back injury
68
Muscle types
Smooth, cardiac, skeletal
69
Rechargeable battery energy
ATP
70
Lactic acid
Generated by anaerobic exercise
71
Conversion ratio of chemical energy
20% muscular work
80% heat
72
Blood components
Red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma
73
Body fatigue over 8 hours if ______% of max aerobic capacity
30-40%
74
Stressors
Environment, Physiological Arousal, Health, Experience
75
Environmental stressors
Motion, temperature, air quality
76
Psychological stressors
Cognitive appraisal, level of arousal
77
Affects of overarousal
Cognitive tunneling, WM loss, Strategic shifts
78
Workload
Time required/time available. Should be < .8
79
Workload measurement
Primary task measures, secondary task performance, loading tasks, physiological measures, subjective measures
80
Origin of workman's comp
Triangle shirtwaist factory fire
81
Workman's comp
Provide income and medical benefits, reduce court delays and costs, eliminate lawyer costs and trials/appeals, encourage employer interest in safety, promote study of accident causes
82
OHSA vs NIOSH
OSHA pubs industry standards, NIOSH makes recommendations to OSHA
83
Accident predictors
Age, gender, experience, stress/fatigue, job characteristics, illumination, noise and vibration, temperature and humidity
84
Unintended erros
Slips, lapse
85
Intended errors
Knowledge-based mistake, Rule-based mistake, violation
86
Sign considerations
Convery seriousness, describe hazard, hazard consequences, behavior to avoid
87
Motivation potential
TI: Task identity
SV: Skill variety
TS: Task significant
A: Autonomy
F: Feedback
88
Performance support systems
On job training.
89
Cognitive load theory
Learner attention divided by Intrinsic load (Workload imposed by task to be learned), Germane Load (Demand for resources necessary to learn task), Extraneous Load (Unrelated demands)
90
Complexity
Feedback loops, interconnected subsystems, unexpected interactions
91
Coupling
Tight connection between subsystems, something affecting one impacts another
92
