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MSA > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

define isometric movements

A

no change in length

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2
Q

define concentric movements

A

muscle shortens

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3
Q

eccentric

A

muscles lengthens

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4
Q

isotonic

A

muscle moves with length change

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5
Q

factors that determine the amount of movement at a joint

A

shape of bones
taughtness or laxity of ligaments
length of soft tissue structure that supports
if joint moves independently of other joints

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6
Q

closed pack position is when the joint stability is at its greatest

A

open packed - at its weakest

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7
Q

name the 3 proprioceptors

A

muscle spindles
golgi tendon organs
joint kinesthetic receptors

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8
Q

the only skeletal muscles that dont have muscle spindles ?

A

muscles in the middle ear

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9
Q

in a first class level, where is the fulcrum

A

in the middle

between the effort and load

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10
Q

in second class lever what is in the middle

A

the load

between fulcrum and effort

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11
Q

in third class lever what is in the middle

A

effort

between the fulcrum and load

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12
Q

in a first class level it acts like what action

A

a seesaw

if the two forces are equal the force w longer arm (furthest from axis) has an advantage like a seesaw

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13
Q

ex of first class lever

A

atlanto occipital joint
axis (pivot, fulcrum) joint
load (resistance) weight of head
effort(force) neck extensor muscles

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14
Q

ex of second class lever

A

standing on balls of feet
axis: MTP joint
load: weight of body
effort: calf muscles contracting

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15
Q

what is the most common lever in the body

A

third class lever

EFFORT BETWEEN FULCRUM AND LOAD

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16
Q

example of third class lever

A

biceps curl

axis: elbow joint
load: weight of arm and what it carries
effort: biceps muscle contracting

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17
Q

define kinetics

A

explains forces that produce or resist body movements

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18
Q

define kinematics

A

types of motion, direction, amount

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19
Q

bones serve as what in regards to kinesthetics

A

levers

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20
Q

joints serve as what in terms of kinesthetics

A

fulcrums

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21
Q

what plane does abduction/adduction move in

A

frontal (coronal)

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22
Q

does the sternoclavicular joint contain articular disc

A

yes

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23
Q

what muscle compresses the cheeks

A

buccinator

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24
Q

the lateral pterygoid does what action to the jaw

A

opens

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25
Q

the trochlear part of humerus articulates with ulna?

A

yes

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26
Q

what nerve is the inferior rectus muscle innervated by

A

occulomotor

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27
Q

what is lateral to the umbilical region of abdomen?

A

lumbar

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28
Q

what is lateral to the epigastric region of abdomen

A

hypochrondriac region

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29
Q

in a first class lever the fulcrum axis is between the load and effort?

A

true

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30
Q

the LONGER the moment arm the LESS force you will need to remain torque

A

longer=less LL

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31
Q

the origins of lateral pterygoid attach to which bone

A

sphenoid

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32
Q

what type of synovial joint is the acromioclavicular joint

A

plane

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33
Q

origin of teres minor

A

upper 2/3 dorsal scapula on lateral border

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34
Q

what type of joints are the IP’s

A

hinge

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35
Q

what nerve runs through tunnel of guyon

A

ULNAR

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36
Q

what runs through the carpal tunnel

A

4 flexor digitorum profundus tendons
4 flexor digitorum superficialis tendons
1 flexor pollicis longus

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37
Q

what muscles are innervated by the median and ulnar nerves

A

lumbricals
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis brevis

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38
Q

if the moving joint surface is concave:

A

sliding is in SAME direction as movement of bone

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39
Q

if the moving joint surface is convex:

A

sliding in OPPOSITE direction of movement of bone

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40
Q

what muscles originates at hamate

A

opponens digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis

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41
Q

fixed point is the ?

A

fulcrum

42
Q

what are the 3 structural joints

A

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

43
Q

functions of joints

A

synarthrosis - doesnt move
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis

44
Q

3 types of fibrous joints

A

sutures
syndesmosis
interosseous membrane

45
Q

3 types of cartilaginous joints

A

synchondrosis
symphysis
epiphyseal cartilage

46
Q

what is each muscle cell surrounded by

A

endomesium

47
Q

what are fasicles wrapped in

A

perimysium

48
Q

muscle is fully wrapped in what

A

epimysium

49
Q

what is the coronal/sagittal meeting point called

A

bregma

50
Q

what is the lambdoid/sagittal meeting point called

A

lambda

51
Q

lambdoid/squamous meeting point

A

asterion

52
Q

squamous/coronal meeting point

A

pterion

53
Q

what bone is the cribiform plate on

A

ethmoid

allows for passage of olfactory nerves

54
Q

muscles of mastication

A

masseter
temporalis
medial/lateral pterygoid

55
Q

what do the superior, inferior and medial rectus muscles do

A

adduct eyeball

oculomotor nerve

56
Q

what does the lateral rectus do

A

abduct eyeball
abducens nerve

57
Q

all eye muscles originate from where

A

common ring of zinn

58
Q

what actions does the superior oblique muscle do

A

depress, abduct, medially rotate eye

59
Q

what actions do the inferior oblique do

A

elevates, abducts, laterally rotates

60
Q

what type of joint is the TMJ

A

synovial, condyloid, hinge, diarthrosis, uni

61
Q

ligaments of the tmj

A

fibrous joint capsuel (med and lat)
temporomandibular
stylomandibular
sphenomandibular
disc

62
Q

movements of tmj

A

depression/elevation
lateral deviation
protraction / retraction
slight rotation

63
Q

the articular disc moves forward as the mouth opens

A

TMJ

64
Q

what kind of joint is the upper joint of tmj

A

plane/gliding

65
Q

what is the lower joint kind of tmj

A

hinge (ginglymus)

66
Q

which muscle inserts on lateral lip of bicipital grooive

A

pec major

67
Q

which muscle inserts on medial lip of bicipital groove

A

teres major

68
Q

what do the pec major, lats, and teres major do

A

medially rotate humerus

69
Q

what is the only joint that connects the upper extremity to the axial skeleton

A

sternoclavicular

70
Q

sternoclavicular joint type

A

saddle or plane
triaxial

71
Q

purpose of a labrum

A

deepen the cavity and provide stability

72
Q

what lives in the subacromial space

A

supraspinatous tendon
biceps LONG HEAD tendon
subacromial bursa

73
Q

where does supraspinatus insert into

A

superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

74
Q

where does infraspinatus insert

A

middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

75
Q

what goes through quadrangular space

A

axillary nerve
posterior circumflex humeral artery

76
Q

what make up the borders of quadrangular space

A

teres minor
teres major
long head of biceps tendon
surgical neck of humerus

77
Q

what movements occur in the saggital plane

A

flexion/extension
dorsiflexion/plantar flexion

right and left planes

78
Q

movements in the frontal (coronal) planes

A

adduction/abduction
lateral flexion

79
Q

movements in transverse plane

A

pronation/supination
internal/external rotation
spinal rotation

80
Q

axial skeleton bones

A

skull
mandible
sternum
ribs
vertebral column
sacrum

81
Q

what is a condyle

A

round articulating surface
fits in a fossa

82
Q

what makes up a compact bone

A

circular units called osteons or haversion systems

83
Q

what separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis

A

metaphysis

84
Q

what are the structural joints (3)

A

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

85
Q

functional joint types

A

synarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis

86
Q

fibrous joints classified by structure

A

sutures
syndesmosis
interosseus membranes

87
Q

what are the TRUNK divisions divided into on brachial plexus

A

upper
middle
lower

88
Q

what are the cords on BP divided into

A

lateral posterior medial

89
Q

order of sections on brachial plexus

A

roots
trunks
divisions
cords
terminal branches

90
Q

what muscle fibre type is resistant to fatigue

A

slow oxidative

91
Q

isometric

A

muscle does not change in length

92
Q

3 types of cartilage

A

hyaline
fibrous
elastic cartilage

93
Q

accessory ligaments of suture

A

sharpeys fibres

94
Q

what is the joint between the frontal and parietal bones

A

coronal or frontal

95
Q

joint between the parietal bones

A

saggital

96
Q

joint between the parietal and occipital bones

A

lambdoid

97
Q

joint between parietal and temporal bones

A

squamous

98
Q

in what order do the fontanels ossify

A

posterior (lambda) sphenoid (asterion) mastoid (pterion) anterior (bregma)

99
Q

3 main groups of facial expression

A

circumorbital & palpebral
nasal
buccolabial

100
Q
A

MSA (8 decks)

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