final Flashcards
define isometric movements
no change in length
define concentric movements
muscle shortens
eccentric
muscles lengthens
isotonic
muscle moves with length change
factors that determine the amount of movement at a joint
shape of bones
taughtness or laxity of ligaments
length of soft tissue structure that supports
if joint moves independently of other joints
closed pack position is when the joint stability is at its greatest
open packed - at its weakest
name the 3 proprioceptors
muscle spindles
golgi tendon organs
joint kinesthetic receptors
the only skeletal muscles that dont have muscle spindles ?
muscles in the middle ear
in a first class level, where is the fulcrum
in the middle
between the effort and load
in second class lever what is in the middle
the load
between fulcrum and effort
in third class lever what is in the middle
effort
between the fulcrum and load
in a first class level it acts like what action
a seesaw
if the two forces are equal the force w longer arm (furthest from axis) has an advantage like a seesaw
ex of first class lever
atlanto occipital joint
axis (pivot, fulcrum) joint
load (resistance) weight of head
effort(force) neck extensor muscles
ex of second class lever
standing on balls of feet
axis: MTP joint
load: weight of body
effort: calf muscles contracting
what is the most common lever in the body
third class lever
EFFORT BETWEEN FULCRUM AND LOAD
example of third class lever
biceps curl
axis: elbow joint
load: weight of arm and what it carries
effort: biceps muscle contracting
define kinetics
explains forces that produce or resist body movements
define kinematics
types of motion, direction, amount
bones serve as what in regards to kinesthetics
levers
joints serve as what in terms of kinesthetics
fulcrums
what plane does abduction/adduction move in
frontal (coronal)
does the sternoclavicular joint contain articular disc
yes
what muscle compresses the cheeks
buccinator
the lateral pterygoid does what action to the jaw
opens
the trochlear part of humerus articulates with ulna?
yes
what nerve is the inferior rectus muscle innervated by
occulomotor
what is lateral to the umbilical region of abdomen?
lumbar
what is lateral to the epigastric region of abdomen
hypochrondriac region
in a first class lever the fulcrum axis is between the load and effort?
true
the LONGER the moment arm the LESS force you will need to remain torque
longer=less LL
the origins of lateral pterygoid attach to which bone
sphenoid
what type of synovial joint is the acromioclavicular joint
plane
origin of teres minor
upper 2/3 dorsal scapula on lateral border
what type of joints are the IP’s
hinge
what nerve runs through tunnel of guyon
ULNAR
what runs through the carpal tunnel
4 flexor digitorum profundus tendons
4 flexor digitorum superficialis tendons
1 flexor pollicis longus
what muscles are innervated by the median and ulnar nerves
lumbricals
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis brevis
if the moving joint surface is concave:
sliding is in SAME direction as movement of bone
if the moving joint surface is convex:
sliding in OPPOSITE direction of movement of bone
what muscles originates at hamate
opponens digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
fixed point is the ?
fulcrum
what are the 3 structural joints
fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial
functions of joints
synarthrosis - doesnt move
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis
3 types of fibrous joints
sutures
syndesmosis
interosseous membrane
3 types of cartilaginous joints
synchondrosis
symphysis
epiphyseal cartilage
what is each muscle cell surrounded by
endomesium
what are fasicles wrapped in
perimysium
muscle is fully wrapped in what
epimysium
what is the coronal/sagittal meeting point called
bregma
what is the lambdoid/sagittal meeting point called
lambda
lambdoid/squamous meeting point
asterion
squamous/coronal meeting point
pterion
what bone is the cribiform plate on
ethmoid
allows for passage of olfactory nerves
muscles of mastication
masseter
temporalis
medial/lateral pterygoid
what do the superior, inferior and medial rectus muscles do
adduct eyeball
oculomotor nerve
what does the lateral rectus do
abduct eyeball
abducens nerve
all eye muscles originate from where
common ring of zinn
what actions does the superior oblique muscle do
depress, abduct, medially rotate eye
what actions do the inferior oblique do
elevates, abducts, laterally rotates
what type of joint is the TMJ
synovial, condyloid, hinge, diarthrosis, uni
ligaments of the tmj
fibrous joint capsuel (med and lat)
temporomandibular
stylomandibular
sphenomandibular
disc
movements of tmj
depression/elevation
lateral deviation
protraction / retraction
slight rotation
the articular disc moves forward as the mouth opens
TMJ
what kind of joint is the upper joint of tmj
plane/gliding
what is the lower joint kind of tmj
hinge (ginglymus)
which muscle inserts on lateral lip of bicipital grooive
pec major
which muscle inserts on medial lip of bicipital groove
teres major
what do the pec major, lats, and teres major do
medially rotate humerus
what is the only joint that connects the upper extremity to the axial skeleton
sternoclavicular
sternoclavicular joint type
saddle or plane
triaxial
purpose of a labrum
deepen the cavity and provide stability
what lives in the subacromial space
supraspinatous tendon
biceps LONG HEAD tendon
subacromial bursa
where does supraspinatus insert into
superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
where does infraspinatus insert
middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
what goes through quadrangular space
axillary nerve
posterior circumflex humeral artery
what make up the borders of quadrangular space
teres minor
teres major
long head of biceps tendon
surgical neck of humerus
what movements occur in the saggital plane
flexion/extension
dorsiflexion/plantar flexion
right and left planes
movements in the frontal (coronal) planes
adduction/abduction
lateral flexion
movements in transverse plane
pronation/supination
internal/external rotation
spinal rotation
axial skeleton bones
skull
mandible
sternum
ribs
vertebral column
sacrum
what is a condyle
round articulating surface
fits in a fossa
what makes up a compact bone
circular units called osteons or haversion systems
what separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis
metaphysis
what are the structural joints (3)
fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial
functional joint types
synarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis
fibrous joints classified by structure
sutures
syndesmosis
interosseus membranes
what are the TRUNK divisions divided into on brachial plexus
upper
middle
lower
what are the cords on BP divided into
lateral posterior medial
order of sections on brachial plexus
roots
trunks
divisions
cords
terminal branches
what muscle fibre type is resistant to fatigue
slow oxidative
isometric
muscle does not change in length
3 types of cartilage
hyaline
fibrous
elastic cartilage
accessory ligaments of suture
sharpeys fibres
what is the joint between the frontal and parietal bones
coronal or frontal
joint between the parietal bones
saggital
joint between the parietal and occipital bones
lambdoid
joint between parietal and temporal bones
squamous
in what order do the fontanels ossify
posterior (lambda) sphenoid (asterion) mastoid (pterion) anterior (bregma)
3 main groups of facial expression
circumorbital & palpebral
nasal
buccolabial
