final Flashcards
what can physical activity improve
mood and attitude
helps quit smoking
energy levels
management of stress
better sleep
self image
restoration of activity and chronic illness
coronary artery disease
hypertension
chronic obstructive disease
diabetes mellitus
pathological influences on body alignment, mobility and activity
Congenital defects
disorders of bones, joints and muscles
central nervous system damage
musculoskeletal trauma
obesity
physical activity assessment
comprehensive
consider normal physiological growth changes
observe posture
factors influencing movement
-pathological influences on mobility
-postural abnormalities
-muscle abnormalities
-damage to the cns
-trauma to musculoskeletal system
-joint disease
effects of muscular deconditioning
-disuse atrophy
-physiological
-psychological
-social
metabolic changes from immobility
-endocrine metabolism
-calcium resporation
-GI functions
atelectasis
base alveoli stay closed because of mucus build up
Respiratory changes from immobility
-atelectasis
-hypostatic pneumonia
systemic effects of immobility
-cardiovascular changes
-musculoskeletal changes
-urinary elimination changes
-integumentary changes
-psychosocial changes
DVT symptoms
pain, swelling, redness, heat
cardiovascular implementations for immobility
-reducing orthostatic hypotension
-reduce cardiac workload
-preventing thrombosus formation
-SCD’s, TED
positioning techniques
fowlers position
-supine position
-prone
-side-lying
-sims
physiological bases of lungs
respiratory physiology, respiratory gas exchange, regulation of ventilation
respiratory gas exchange
oxygen transport, carbon dioxide transport
atalactistic
sticky alveoli, infection, cant breathe
lifestyle factors influencing oxygenation
nutrition, hydration, exercise, smoking, substance abuse, stress
factors influencing oxygenation
developmental, lifestyle factors, environmental
physiological factors influencing oxygenation
-decreased oxygen-carrying capacity (sickle cell)
-hypovolemia
-decreased inspired oxygen concentration
-increased metabolic rate
factors affecting oxygenation through the chest wall
pregnancy, obesity, musculoskeletal abnormalities, trauma, neuromuscular diseases, CNS alterations, influences chronic lung disease
hypoventilation
not breathing enough, too much carbon dioxide
hyperventilation
not enough carbon dioxide, breathe fast
hypoxia
inadequate tissue oxygenation at cellular level
myocardial infarction
heart attack, tissue dies in heart
left-sided heart failure
blood backs up in lungs, cant breathe,
right-sided heart failure
blood backs up in body, edema in legs and arms
myocardial ischemia
tissue death
angina and infarction
orthopnea
shortness of breath when lying flat, with sleep apnea
dyspnea
any difficulty breathing
vaccinations that can prevent bad oxygenation
flu, pneumococcal
dyspnea management
lean forward, or sit up, pulse ox
mobilization of pulmonary secretions
needs to use suctioning
ambu bag
15 L, give 100% oxygen to unconscious pt, always last step
nasal canula
1-6 L, 24-44%
oxygen through nose around ear thing
simple face mask
6-10 L, 35-50%
short tube
ventura mask
4-10L, 24-50%
longer tube
non rebreather
10-15L, 60-90%
bag at end
chest physiotherapy
decreases secretions, postural drainage
maintenance and promotion of lung expansion
ambulation, positioning, incentive spirometry
suctioning techniques
oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal, orotracheal and naso tracheal, tracheal
oral airway
unconscious pts
endotracheal airway
through mouth and down trach
tracheal airway
through opening of throat
chest tube
when pt has collapsed lung or chest
nasal trumpet
hurts to open mouth, conscious enough
safety guidelines
-limit intro of catheter to 2 times with each suctioning
-caution with head injury when suctioning
-pts with COPD who breathe spontaneously should get high levels of oxygen therapy
factors influencing pressure ulcer formation and wound healing
nutrition, tissue perfusion, infection, age, psychosocial impact
hemmorage
bleeding
hematoma
localized collection of blood underneath tissues
dehiscence
partial or total separation of wound layers
evisceration
total separation of wound layers, can see organ or is falling out
partial thickness wounds
shallow in depth, moist and painful, and the wound base generally appears red
full thickness wounds
extends into the subcutaneous layer, and the depth and tissue type will vary depending on body location
primary intention of wound healing
edges are approximated
secondary intention of wound healing
heavy scarring
character of wound drainage
sanguineous- bloody
serosanguinous- pinkish
purulent- yellow
who do you consult for impaired skin integrity?
occupational therapist, dietitian, wound care, provider, PT, chaplain
evisceration care
-place sterile gauze in saline over tissues to reduce bacterial invasion
-contact surgical team
-dont allow pt to have anything orally
void
peeing
urinary retention
inability to empty the bladder partially or completely
urinary incontinence
Involuntary loss of urine
dysuria
pain or difficult urination
nocturia
frequent urination at night
oliguria
abnormally small amounts of urine
anuria
failure of kidneys to produce urine
polyuria
abnormally large amounts of urine
urinary diversion
surgical procedure that creates a new way for urine to exit body when natural way is blocked
nephrostomy tubes
small tubes tunneled through the skin into renal pelvis, drains when ureter is obstructed
continent urinary reservoir
-long term
‘new bladder” pouch
pt Cath themselves
ureterostomy
need bag attached
24 hour urine collection
collect all urine over 24 hours and keep Cool to test
analysis of nursing diagnoses for urine
incontinence of urine
UTI
impaired self toileting
impaired skin integrety
urinary retention
male position when inserting a catheter
supine with thighs slightly obstructed
how many inches does a catheter go up in women
4-5 inches
how many inches does a catheter go up in men
7-9 inches
what is expected after catheter is removed
to void within 6 hours
what helps with bowel elimination?
Laxative and stool softener
what factors affect bowel elimination
age, diet, fluid, activity, habits, pain, surgery, meds, pregnancy, pooping position, psychological factors
constipation
symptom, not a disease. infrequent stool and or hard, dry, small stool that is hard to get out
impaction
results from unrelieved constipation, a collection of hardened feces in rectum that cant come out, need enema
diarrhea
an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquids, unformed feces
incontinence
inability to control the passage of poop and gas. clean quickly
flatulence
accumulation of gas in the intestines causing the walls to stretch
hemorrhoids
dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum
stoma
temporary or permanent artificial opening in the abdominal wall
illeostomy or colostomy
surgical opening in the ileum or colon
nutritional considerations for stony care
-consume low fiber the first weeks
-eat slowly and chew food completly
-drink 10-12 glasses of water
-avoid gassy foods
salem sump
tube that goes from GI through the nose to get poop out, decompresses fecal matter
gulag blood test
testing poop with blood in it
palliative care
disease with no cure but has more than 6 months to live
hospice
pt has less than 6 months to live, but taken off if live after 6 months
