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PNP > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

what can physical activity improve

A

mood and attitude
helps quit smoking
energy levels
management of stress
better sleep
self image

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2
Q

restoration of activity and chronic illness

A

coronary artery disease
hypertension
chronic obstructive disease
diabetes mellitus

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3
Q

pathological influences on body alignment, mobility and activity

A

Congenital defects
disorders of bones, joints and muscles
central nervous system damage
musculoskeletal trauma
obesity

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4
Q

physical activity assessment

A

comprehensive
consider normal physiological growth changes
observe posture

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5
Q

factors influencing movement

A

-pathological influences on mobility
-postural abnormalities
-muscle abnormalities
-damage to the cns
-trauma to musculoskeletal system
-joint disease

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6
Q

effects of muscular deconditioning

A

-disuse atrophy
-physiological
-psychological
-social

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7
Q

metabolic changes from immobility

A

-endocrine metabolism
-calcium resporation
-GI functions

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8
Q

atelectasis

A

base alveoli stay closed because of mucus build up

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9
Q

Respiratory changes from immobility

A

-atelectasis
-hypostatic pneumonia

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10
Q

systemic effects of immobility

A

-cardiovascular changes
-musculoskeletal changes
-urinary elimination changes
-integumentary changes
-psychosocial changes

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11
Q

DVT symptoms

A

pain, swelling, redness, heat

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12
Q

cardiovascular implementations for immobility

A

-reducing orthostatic hypotension
-reduce cardiac workload
-preventing thrombosus formation
-SCD’s, TED

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13
Q

positioning techniques

A

fowlers position
-supine position
-prone
-side-lying
-sims

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14
Q

physiological bases of lungs

A

respiratory physiology, respiratory gas exchange, regulation of ventilation

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15
Q

respiratory gas exchange

A

oxygen transport, carbon dioxide transport

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16
Q

atalactistic

A

sticky alveoli, infection, cant breathe

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17
Q

lifestyle factors influencing oxygenation

A

nutrition, hydration, exercise, smoking, substance abuse, stress

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18
Q

factors influencing oxygenation

A

developmental, lifestyle factors, environmental

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19
Q

physiological factors influencing oxygenation

A

-decreased oxygen-carrying capacity (sickle cell)
-hypovolemia
-decreased inspired oxygen concentration
-increased metabolic rate

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20
Q

factors affecting oxygenation through the chest wall

A

pregnancy, obesity, musculoskeletal abnormalities, trauma, neuromuscular diseases, CNS alterations, influences chronic lung disease

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21
Q

hypoventilation

A

not breathing enough, too much carbon dioxide

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22
Q

hyperventilation

A

not enough carbon dioxide, breathe fast

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23
Q

hypoxia

A

inadequate tissue oxygenation at cellular level

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24
Q

myocardial infarction

A

heart attack, tissue dies in heart

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25
Q

left-sided heart failure

A

blood backs up in lungs, cant breathe,

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26
Q

right-sided heart failure

A

blood backs up in body, edema in legs and arms

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27
Q

myocardial ischemia

A

tissue death
angina and infarction

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28
Q

orthopnea

A

shortness of breath when lying flat, with sleep apnea

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29
Q

dyspnea

A

any difficulty breathing

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30
Q

vaccinations that can prevent bad oxygenation

A

flu, pneumococcal

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31
Q

dyspnea management

A

lean forward, or sit up, pulse ox

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32
Q

mobilization of pulmonary secretions

A

needs to use suctioning

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33
Q

ambu bag

A

15 L, give 100% oxygen to unconscious pt, always last step

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34
Q

nasal canula

A

1-6 L, 24-44%
oxygen through nose around ear thing

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35
Q

simple face mask

A

6-10 L, 35-50%
short tube

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36
Q

ventura mask

A

4-10L, 24-50%
longer tube

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37
Q

non rebreather

A

10-15L, 60-90%
bag at end

38
Q

chest physiotherapy

A

decreases secretions, postural drainage

39
Q

maintenance and promotion of lung expansion

A

ambulation, positioning, incentive spirometry

40
Q

suctioning techniques

A

oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal, orotracheal and naso tracheal, tracheal

41
Q

oral airway

A

unconscious pts

42
Q

endotracheal airway

A

through mouth and down trach

43
Q

tracheal airway

A

through opening of throat

44
Q

chest tube

A

when pt has collapsed lung or chest

45
Q

nasal trumpet

A

hurts to open mouth, conscious enough

46
Q

safety guidelines

A

-limit intro of catheter to 2 times with each suctioning
-caution with head injury when suctioning
-pts with COPD who breathe spontaneously should get high levels of oxygen therapy

47
Q

factors influencing pressure ulcer formation and wound healing

A

nutrition, tissue perfusion, infection, age, psychosocial impact

48
Q

hemmorage

A

bleeding

49
Q

hematoma

A

localized collection of blood underneath tissues

50
Q

dehiscence

A

partial or total separation of wound layers

51
Q

evisceration

A

total separation of wound layers, can see organ or is falling out

52
Q

partial thickness wounds

A

shallow in depth, moist and painful, and the wound base generally appears red

53
Q

full thickness wounds

A

extends into the subcutaneous layer, and the depth and tissue type will vary depending on body location

54
Q

primary intention of wound healing

A

edges are approximated

55
Q

secondary intention of wound healing

A

heavy scarring

56
Q

character of wound drainage

A

sanguineous- bloody
serosanguinous- pinkish
purulent- yellow

57
Q

who do you consult for impaired skin integrity?

A

occupational therapist, dietitian, wound care, provider, PT, chaplain

58
Q

evisceration care

A

-place sterile gauze in saline over tissues to reduce bacterial invasion
-contact surgical team
-dont allow pt to have anything orally

59
Q

void

A

peeing

60
Q

urinary retention

A

inability to empty the bladder partially or completely

61
Q

urinary incontinence

A

Involuntary loss of urine

62
Q

dysuria

A

pain or difficult urination

63
Q

nocturia

A

frequent urination at night

64
Q

oliguria

A

abnormally small amounts of urine

65
Q

anuria

A

failure of kidneys to produce urine

66
Q

polyuria

A

abnormally large amounts of urine

67
Q

urinary diversion

A

surgical procedure that creates a new way for urine to exit body when natural way is blocked

68
Q

nephrostomy tubes

A

small tubes tunneled through the skin into renal pelvis, drains when ureter is obstructed

69
Q

continent urinary reservoir

A

-long term
‘new bladder” pouch
pt Cath themselves

70
Q

ureterostomy

A

need bag attached

71
Q

24 hour urine collection

A

collect all urine over 24 hours and keep Cool to test

72
Q

analysis of nursing diagnoses for urine

A

incontinence of urine
UTI
impaired self toileting
impaired skin integrety
urinary retention

73
Q

male position when inserting a catheter

A

supine with thighs slightly obstructed

74
Q

how many inches does a catheter go up in women

A

4-5 inches

75
Q

how many inches does a catheter go up in men

A

7-9 inches

76
Q

what is expected after catheter is removed

A

to void within 6 hours

77
Q

what helps with bowel elimination?

A

Laxative and stool softener

78
Q

what factors affect bowel elimination

A

age, diet, fluid, activity, habits, pain, surgery, meds, pregnancy, pooping position, psychological factors

79
Q

constipation

A

symptom, not a disease. infrequent stool and or hard, dry, small stool that is hard to get out

80
Q

impaction

A

results from unrelieved constipation, a collection of hardened feces in rectum that cant come out, need enema

81
Q

diarrhea

A

an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquids, unformed feces

82
Q

incontinence

A

inability to control the passage of poop and gas. clean quickly

83
Q

flatulence

A

accumulation of gas in the intestines causing the walls to stretch

84
Q

hemorrhoids

A

dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum

85
Q

stoma

A

temporary or permanent artificial opening in the abdominal wall

86
Q

illeostomy or colostomy

A

surgical opening in the ileum or colon

87
Q

nutritional considerations for stony care

A

-consume low fiber the first weeks
-eat slowly and chew food completly
-drink 10-12 glasses of water
-avoid gassy foods

88
Q

salem sump

A

tube that goes from GI through the nose to get poop out, decompresses fecal matter

89
Q

gulag blood test

A

testing poop with blood in it

90
Q

palliative care

A

disease with no cure but has more than 6 months to live

91
Q

hospice

A

pt has less than 6 months to live, but taken off if live after 6 months

92
Q
A

PNP (2 decks)

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