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F&D > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

In a male patient over 50 years old with low back pain and femoral radiculopathy, you would want to rule out which of the following conditions?

A) kidney dysfunction
B) AAA
C) Intestinal polyp
D) none

A

B)

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2
Q

The tibial portion of the sciatic nerve is responsible for innervation which of the following LE?

A) plantar surface of foot
B) dorsal of foot
C) anterior leg
D) Posterior buttocks

A

A) plantar surface of foot

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3
Q

Facet joints are well designed to resist axial compression:

T

Or

F

A

False

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4
Q

Flexion and extention are greatest at the L4-L5 segmentation?

T

Or

F

A

False

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5
Q

What is the QUESTION, to the answer, “destenosers of the DRG” ?

A what are dentists
B what are PTs
C what are orthopedists
D what are chiropractors

A

D

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6
Q

The least intradiscal pressure is present in which of the following postures?

A flexion
B extention
C side lying
D prone

A

D

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7
Q

What motion is best for treating retrolisthesis?

A flexion
B extention
C rotation
D lateral flexion

A

B extention

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8
Q

With unstable facet syndrome and spondylolethesis, which of the following treatment procedures would be appropriate?

A FandD
B home exercise
C McKenzie methods
D lumbar belt

A

D lumbar belt

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9
Q

A disc herniation syndrome ABOVE the level of a transitional segment is termed:

A bastrups
B Bernie’s
C Bertolottis
D Brayden Mullin

A

C bertolottis

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10
Q

When treating spondylolethesis in the side posture position, which of the following contacts are correct?

A spinous of the spondylolethesis
B spinous above and below the spondylothesis
C spinous below the spondylothesis
D a and c

A

B spinous above and below

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11
Q

What is the antaligic posture of a subrhizal disc?

A extention
B lateral bending
C forward flexion
D none

A

C forward flexion

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12
Q

Which of the following can be a complication of nerve root compression?

A urnairy incontuience
B intestinal cystitis
C bladder dysfucntion
D all of the above

A

D all of the above

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13
Q

Heel drop (inability to toe walk) is consistent with a lesion of which of the following nerve roots?

A L3
B L4
C L5
D none

A

D none

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14
Q

A patient with absent Achilles reflex has a disc herniation at which of the following levels?

A L5-S1
B L1-L2
C L2-L3
D L4-L5

A

A L5-S1

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15
Q

Which of the following is true concerning the ddx of contained versus non contained disc lesion?

A leg pain is worse than back pain in contained lesions
B dejerines triad is usually negative in contained lesion
C there may be no back pain with a non contained lesion
D leg pain is greatest at the anterior aspect of the leg

A

C there may be no back pain with a non contained lesion

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16
Q

In a spondylothesis, which factor is most responsible for the amount of pain

A degree of slippage
B amount of DDD
C translational instability
D the presence of tropism

A

C translational instability

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17
Q

In managing a patient with an unstable spondylothesis, a recommendation is to wear a lumbar belt 24/7.

True

False

A

True

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18
Q

Which ORDER of postures is from greatest to least intradiscal pressure is correct?

A side lying, sitting, upright, prone
B upright, sitting, prone, side lying
C sitting, upright, side lying, prone
D sitting, side lying, upright, prone

A

C sitting, upright, side lying, prone

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19
Q

What type of radiographic study would be the most diagnostic for instability with spondylolethesis?

A upright lateral
B flexion extension
C upright and vertical
D oblique

A

B flexion extension

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20
Q

Which of the following clincial presentations is characteristic of a medical disc herniation?

A antalgia to the side of pain
B increased lordosis
C flexed posture
D striated spine

A

A antalgia to the side of pain

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21
Q

In treating spondylolethesis with prone distractive therapy, contact is made at which of the following levels:

A above the level
B below the level
C AT the level
D a and b

A

A above the level

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22
Q

At which spinal level does spondylolysis most frequency occur?

A L2
B L3
C L4
D L5

A

D L5

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23
Q

Which of the folllowing can be sources of pain associated with spondylolethesis?

A stenosis
B annual disruption
C chemical irritation
D all of the above

A

D all of the above

24
Q

Of the following choices, how much excessive movement would be considered unstable in a patient with facet syndrome?

A 1mm
B 2mm
C 4mm
D 5mm

A

C 4mm

25
Q

Which of the following is the most indicative of sciatica due to a herniation?

A painful lumbar spine ROM
B positive kemps
C noon dermatomal pain pattern
D well leg raise

A

D well leg raise

26
Q

Regarding distraction treatment procedures, which of the following statements are true?

A the occiput moves at the point of tauntness
B patients can only be treated prone
C only acute patients are treated frequently
D only chronic patients are treated frequently

A

A the occiput moves at the point of tauntness

27
Q

Which of the following statements are correct?

A sciatica only occurs on the short leg
B the right lower extremity is more commonly long
C disc protrudes on the losing leg side
D hip pain is usually present on the short side

A

D hip pain is usually present on the short side

28
Q

With low intradiscal pressure, what is the minimum amount of time it takes for annular fibres to heal?

A 1 month
B 2 months
C 3 months
D 4 months

A

C 3 months

29
Q

The terms “protrusion” and “extrusion” are used to describe what aspect of the disc?

A the percentage of the circumference of the IVD space
B the continuity of the displaced material
C the shape of the displaced material
D the amount of quadrants invovled

A

C the shape of the displaced material

30
Q

Concerning the pathomechanics of stenosis which of the following are correct? (Choose 2)

A pain can result from direct nerve involvement
B nerve root micocurcuation does not impact itself
C there is enough room for neural gliding
D the probability of nerve root compression increases

A

A pain can result from direct nerve involvement

C there is enough room for neural gliding

31
Q

At L1-L4 axial rotation and lateral bending are coupled in the same direction?

True

False

A

False

32
Q

Which of the following statements regarding disc resorption and regression is not true?

A disc regression and resorption is an inflammatory condition responding to a disc issue
B disc regression and resorption will eventually be associated with symptoms of resolution
C disc regression and resorption occur from a inflammatory response following phagocytosis
D disc regression and resorption is hindering in contained discs

A

A disc regression and resorption is an inflammatory condition responding to a disc issue

33
Q

The plantar surface of the foot and posterior calf are innervated by which of the following nerves?

A common peroneal
B tibial portion of sciatic
C inferior gluteal
D femoral

A

C inferior gluteal

34
Q

In a patient with a herniated nucleus pulposus, what percentage of improvement is considered reasonable in 4-6 weeks?

A 25%
B 50%
C 75%
D none of the above

A

B 50%

35
Q

On plain radiograph film, which of the following mid saggital diametres within the lumbar spine would be characteristic of relative stenosis?

A 8-9mm
B 10-12mm
C 13-14mm
D 15-16mm

A

B 10-12mm

36
Q

It is reasonable to treat severe and acute pain in disc daily:

True

False

A

True

37
Q

referred pain from the low back is rarely felt below the knee

True
False

A

True

38
Q

When utilizing flexion and distraction manipulation most of the force applied is through the contact hand

True
False

A

false

39
Q

A patient with severe cauda equina symptoms should initially receive a surgical consultation

True
FLASE

A

FALSE

40
Q

Under the age of 30, disc herniation is most likely to occur at which level

A L5-S1
B L4-L5
C L1-L3
D L3-L4

A

A L5-S1

41
Q

Which of the following concerning discs lesions and the associated nerve root irritation is correct:

A L5-S1 disc usually compresses L5 nerve root
B L1-L2 disc usually compress L1 nerve root
C L4-L5 disc usually compress L4 nerve root
D none

A

D none

42
Q

Which of the following treatment contacts is most likely to exacerbate the pain of a medial disc herniation?

A contact the spinous process 2 levels above the disc lesion
B contact on the spinous process 3 levels above the lesion
C contact the spinous above the lesion
D contact the spinous below the lesion

A

D contact the spinous below the lesion

43
Q

Which of the following structures of the low back is the most pain sensitive?

A PLL
B IVD
C DRG
D facet

A

B IVD

44
Q

In a patient with low back pain and radicular symptoms, they are able to tolerate activity but what recommendation would be appropriate?

A encourage gradual and steady return to normal fucntion
B begin gentle rehab
C avoids sitting and standing posture and advice for prone
D all of the above

A

D all of the above

45
Q

An altered cervical curve has prognostic significance

True

False

A

False

46
Q

Irritations of which of the following tissues can cause scleratoenous pain referral?

A joint capsule
B muscle
C disc
D A and C

A

D A and C

47
Q

Which of the following is not clinically a sign of stenosis?

A positive Romberg
B decreased ankle jerk
C increased pain upon flexion
D sensory deficit

A

C increased pain upon flexion

48
Q

Which of the following best describes a disc herniation?

A a generalized process that involves disc material extending beyond the normal circumference
B a herniated disc will displace CSF
C a localized displacement of disc material that involves mostly 2 quadrants of the spine
D none

A

C a localized displacement of disc material that involves mostly 2 quadrants of the spine

49
Q

All patients with disc herniations should receive at least ______ conservative treatments

A 1 month
B 2 months
C 4 months
D 6 months

A

B 2 months

50
Q

Cox sign is associated with which of the following findings?

A subrhizal disc
B anterior herniated disc
C annular tear
D far lateral disc

A

D far lateral disc

51
Q

Concerning nutrition of the disc, which of the following are true?

A nutrition depends on diffusion across endplates
B disc degeneration is due to proteoglycans loss and breakdown
C proteoglycans allow the disc to imbible water
D A and C

A

C proteoglycans allow the disc to imbible water

52
Q

Degenerative spondylolethesis usually occurs at which of the following levels:

A L2
B L3
C L4
D L5

A

C L4

53
Q

In the cervical spine, disc herniations can occur spontaneously without associated disc degeneration:

True

False

A

True

54
Q

A decreased Achilles reflex can be associated with what type of herniation?

A L5-S1
B L4-L5
C L3-L2
D L1-L2

A

A L5-S1

55
Q

In a patient with retrolitehesis subluxation, which of the following is not an examination finding?

A intact George’s line
B flattened lordosis
C paravertebral muscle spams
D pain pattern of facet syndrome

A

A intact George’s line

56
Q

Telescoping of the superior facets into the IVF creating vertical stenosis is termed:

A approximation
B facet imbrication
C lamina proximity
D vertical displacement

A

B facet imbrication

57
Q

Which term best describes a herniation where no continuity exists between the disc and the disc material?

A uncontained
B sequestration
C extrusion
D all of the above

A

D all of the above

F&D (2 decks)

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