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Aging > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

built environment

A

human-made structures, features, and facilities viewed collectively as an environment in which people live and work

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2
Q

Infrastructure

A

the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise

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3
Q

Previous HHS

A

focused on messaging and a top-down approach that preached at people to ‘eat better and exercise more’

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4
Q

top down approach

A

proven ineffective

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5
Q

New approach of HHS

A

focused on factors in the built environment

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6
Q

Examples of NCDs

A
  • Coronary Heart disease
  • diabetes
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7
Q

2 other terms used for NCD

A
  • chronic disease
  • lifestyle disease
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8
Q

3 major risk factor categories

A
  • biological (age)
  • environmental (air)
  • behavioral (smoking)
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9
Q

2 of the risk factors most susceptible to change

A
  • environmental
  • behavioral
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10
Q

CHD

A
  • associated with atherosclerosis
  • thickening of the inner lining of arteries
  • contributor to heart attack and stroke death
  • diseases of the heart and blood vessels are the leading cause of death in the US
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11
Q

Physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for CHD

A

some of it is determine by genetics

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12
Q

Framingham heart study

A
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13
Q

population attributable risk

A

the proportion of the incidence of a disease in the population that is due to exposure

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14
Q

US population at risk

A

not everyone has the same risk, those who are physically inactive have a higher risk

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15
Q

Web of causation

A

there are many contributing factors that help lead to a disease

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16
Q

importance of active commuting, schools, and environments that encourage

A
  • longevity
  • health
  • cost
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17
Q

examples of great infrastructure in cities

A

bike friendly roadways and parking

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18
Q

Chris boardman

A
  • big biker
  • first commissioner for cycling and walking
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19
Q

Life-sized City

A
  • car usage is decreasing and bike usage is increasing
  • faster, more cost-effective, more direct route
20
Q

Built environment stats

A

today’s 10 year-olds are the first generation expected to have a shorter life expectancy than their parents

21
Q

Obesogenic

A

tending to cause obesity

22
Q

Built environment impact to health span and compression of morbidity

A

Improving/optimizing the built environment for activity, health outcomes will improve

23
Q

Health span

A

part of a person’s life in good health

24
Q

compression of morbidity

A

in shorter time/compressed

25
Q

easy changes in built environment for healthy habits

A

place healthy foods at eye level/easily accessible place

26
Q

EPIC

A

European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

27
Q

3 components health-diet-sustainability

A
  • grams of CO2 per day
  • liters of H20 used per day
  • area of land used per day
28
Q

most to least on 3 components

A

diet < vegetarian < vegan

29
Q

There is a direct relationship between how similar a country’s diet to _____ and ____

A

Mediterranean; longevity

30
Q

Mediterranean diet is good for ___

A

elderly persons

31
Q

Cretan diet was associated with low rates of

A
  • CHD
  • Cancer
  • all potential causes of death
32
Q

key differences between the Crete diet and US railroad and Zutphen diet

A
  • more fish in Crete
  • more sugar and pastries
  • less alcohol
33
Q

does having 2 copies of the APO-E4 allele mean you will definitely get AD?

A
  • no
34
Q

What is the conclusion of Dr. Greger’s video

A
  • diet trumps genes
  • pharmacologic interventions can reduce risk
35
Q

Dr. Valter Longo won a Nobel Prize for research in intermittent fasting

A
  • he and others have shown reduced body weight, waist, circumference, inflammation, improved cognition
36
Q

Cancer rates are lower demonstrated by the EPIC data

A
  • these cancers we have talked about
  • physical activity, fiber, meat intake, oat cereal intake, are significantly associated with various cancer risks
37
Q

mismatched genome hypothesis

A
  • What are genes were not made for the environment that we live in, so we see consequences
  • Physical inactivity -> failure to maintain homeostatic signaling -> inhibition of health promoting proteins, activation of disease promoting protein -> decreases survival
38
Q

Since the Paleolithic Age

A

our genomes haven’t changed
- mismatch comes in when you consider that our environmental and physical activity factors are very different/mismatched

39
Q

mismatched genome hypothesis

A

there is the cycle of feast and famine/physical activity that used to function normally

40
Q

Famine period required

A

physical activity and hunger

41
Q

cycle of feast and famine now ___

A

disrupted

42
Q

consequences of the stalling of the cycle

A
  • No cycling of metabolic processes – fuel gets shunted into an even greater and unhealthy storage, prescipitating the metabolic syndrome
43
Q

2 things we can do to stop stalling from happening

A
  • exercise
  • calorie deficit
44
Q

______ and ______ of fasting

A
  • medical
  • biological
45
Q

Medical

A

reduction in body weight and obesity, reduced incidence of diseases like cancer, CVD, neurodegeneration, inflammation, and metabolic syndrome

46
Q

biological

A
  • decreased inflammation, increased autophagy
47
Q

autophagy

A

o Consumption of the body’s own tissue as a metabolic process occurring in starvation and certain diseases
o A conservation process to preserve energy homeostasis and cellular fitness by the catabolic process of intracellular components, is associated with aging and longevity
o Cleaning-out process similar to what system in the brain covered recently

Aging (2 decks)

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