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soci 201 > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

norms

A

social expectations that guide behavior and interxn

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2
Q

folkways

A
  • customs of daily basis
  • no serious consequence for violation
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3
Q

mores

A
  • widely observed social norms
  • highly regulated
  • greater moral significance than folkways
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4
Q

deviance

A
  • violation of established norms
  • social construction
  • definition varies over time and culture
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5
Q

formal social control

A
  • gives specific people responsibility of enforcing norms using specific methods
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6
Q

informal social control

A
  • social control exercised by regular people
  • works by need for approval, guilt and shame as motivators
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7
Q

identity as deviance

A

people’s identity being deviant results in mistreatment
- excluding them in infrastructure
- societal rules representing dominant group

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8
Q

crime

A

act formally banned by law

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9
Q

criminology

A

scientific approach to study of crime

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10
Q

crime vs deviance

A

crime is designated to have formal intervention, deviance involves violation of social norms that may or may not have formal intervention attached

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11
Q

victimless crimes

A

no direct suffering to people other than criminal (possession of drugs, gambling)

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12
Q

crime funnel

A

only a small fraction of all law-breaking behaviors is reported hence less are punished

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13
Q

under reporting of sexual assaults

A

victims fear humiliation

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14
Q

property vs violent crimes

A

property outnumbers violent crimes

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15
Q

panopticon

A
  • jeremy bentham designed it
  • jail in circular formation
  • people think they’re always being watched
  • inmates can’t see into tower (can’t see who’s looking)
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16
Q

panopticon and plato’s ring of geiges

A
  • if you put this ring on no one will know your crime (would you put it on) similar to panopticon
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17
Q

panopticon and social media

A

-always a record of something
- participatory surveillance

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18
Q

michel foucault

A
  • expanded idea of panopticon into symbol of social control
  • social citizens internalize authority (prevailing norms)
  • people tend to obey (even in the instance of no consequences (red light)) because the rules become self imposed
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19
Q

early theories of crime

A
  • 1600: supernatural causes (church has role of authority and police)
  • 1770-1800: crime is a result of conscious choice
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20
Q

rational choice theory

A

crime is a result of conscious choice
- punishment should be greater than the crime to reduce likelihood of recidivism

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21
Q

positivism

A

physical features of criminals (applying scientific method) associated with biological determinism

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22
Q

biological determinism

A

features distinguishing criminals from non-criminals

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23
Q

Cesare Lombroso

A
  • argued criminals had animalisitic skeletal features (biology compelled them to life of crime)
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24
Q

william sheldon

A
  • 1940s
  • endomorphs: slower metabolism
  • ectomorphs: thin and introverted
  • mesomorphs: aggressive, muscular, crime
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25
Q

functionalism and crime

A
  • industrial societies = more deviance
  • modern societies lack traditional order and values
  • rapid social change increases crime and instability
  • strain theory
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26
Q

strain theory

A
  • anomie b/w culturally approved goals and means to achieve (lacking means leads to deviance)
  • Merton
  • deviance lies in unequal opportunity in society
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27
Q

5 adaptation to anomie

A
  • conformity: follow rules, hope they get rich but know they won’t
  • ritualism: conform, no hope for success
  • retreatism: give up cause they won’t reach goal
  • rebellion: reject norms, seek new goals and means
  • innovation: use socially unacceptable means (crime) to achieve socially accepted goals
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28
Q

conflict theory and crime

A
  • binary power model
  • deviance is a way of imposing and justifying control by the powerful
  • laws favoring some but not others?
  • criminogenic env’t is created by gov’t
  • white collar crimes are punished more leniently than others
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29
Q

symbolic interxn and crime

A
  • effect of social control on deviant people
  • deviance is socially defined
  • why people are labelled as deviant
  • labelling theory
  • deviance as master status
  • stigmatization
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30
Q

labelling theory

A
  • people behave and identify in ways reflective of how others have labelled them (standford prison expt)
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31
Q

SI and crime: stigma

A
  • mark of shame
  • discredit
  • labelling and stigma doesnt necesarily lead to deviant identity/career
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32
Q

feminism and crime

A
  • how crime differs in gender
  • change laws around crimes mostly perpetrated against women
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33
Q

env’tal issues affecting class

A

disproportionally affects lower class

34
Q

demography

A

scientific study of size, structure, distribution, growth of world pop

35
Q

social demography

A

effects of pop on organization of societies

36
Q

functionalism and pop

A
  • malthus: rapid pop change is dangerous, pop is growing faster than food, bith rates must be regulated
  • birth and death rates work together to keep pop stable
  • 4 stages of demographic transition
37
Q

4 stages of demographic transition

A
  • anti-malthusian
  • 1: birth and death rates are high
  • 2: death rates slow, birth stays high
  • 3: birth rates slow to match death
  • 4: birth rates decline (pop shrinkage)
  • fertility rate may be evidence that this is correct (declining fertility rate)
38
Q

feminism and pop

A
  • women need equal access to education, birth control
  • empowering women is how we ensure no overpop
39
Q

SI and pop

A
  • how stages of demographic transition play out it individual lives
  • individual choices lead to larger systemic trends
40
Q

conflict theory and pop

A
  • pop dynamics changing results in inequalities in resources (leading to global conflict)
41
Q

baby boom

A
  • biggest pop change in canada related to birth and fertility rate
  • end of WW2 and great depression
42
Q

cohorts

A
  • baby boomers: 1944-1965
  • gen X: 1966-1971
  • millenial: 1972-1992
  • gen Z: 1993-2011
43
Q

problem in cohorts

A

baby boomers are aging and require more help than smaller cohorts can provide

44
Q

mortality rate and SES

A
  • people live longer in rich regions of rich countries
  • ^ unemployment and ^ night shifts = ^ mortality
45
Q

push factors

A

encourage people to leave an area

46
Q

pull factors

A

encourage people to move to an area

47
Q

ethnic enclaves

A

areas where minority groups settle
- cultural comfort
- isolation from larger community

48
Q

ecological footprint

A

measures pop needs relative to earth’s capacity to support those needs

49
Q

consumption

A

necessities and luxuries requires extraction of natural resources (and waste)

50
Q

water

A
  • not equally available and concerning amount left
51
Q

functionalism and env’t

A
  • how climate change will disrupt social systems (imbalance)
  • higher temp = more power demand = outages in other aspects
52
Q

conflict theory and env’t

A
  • climate change refugees are more likely to come from poor and vulnerable pop
  • capitalism is a driving force due to unsustainable industrialism
  • treadmill of production: capitalism drives decision making
53
Q

feminism and env’t

A
  • ecofeminism: dominance of nature and exploitation of women (men have feminized nature)
54
Q

SI and env’t

A
  • how we perceive climate change and its results
  • rich countries see it as a problem that doesn’t affect them
55
Q

social mvmts and health practices

A
  • following powerful people
56
Q

health

A

state of complete well-being

57
Q

illness

A

period of impaired or abnormal functioning (not result of physical trauma)

58
Q

social determinants of health

A

factors influenced by societal distribution of wealth and resources

59
Q

income inequality

A
  • low income = more illness and younger deaths, less likely to see doctor, lower oral health
  • greater social inequality = risk of premature death for all members (increased stress, insecurity)
60
Q

indigenous people health

A

higher:
- infant/ child mortality
- maternal morbidity and mortality
- malnutrition
- substance use
- obesity, diabetes
- env’tal contamination

colonial policies isolate indigenous communities (limit their access to services and supplies)

61
Q

healthy immigrant effect

A

often start being healthier than average canadian due to immigration testing (following generations have declining health)

62
Q

immigrant status and health

A
  • more likely to have to use MH treatment
  • lower life expectancy
63
Q

women and health

A
  • women are more proactive with healthcare
  • women live longer (more aging problems)
  • not much research on women
  • more abuse
  • rising alcoholism
64
Q

men and health

A
  • less proactive
  • less likely to seek treatment
  • more suicide
  • dangerous jobs
65
Q

non-binary and trans and health

A
  • more bullying
  • less medically trained to deal w them
  • treatment not designed for them
66
Q

social epidemiology

A

effects of social-structural factors on health distribution

67
Q

incidence

A

new cases of illness over a period

68
Q

prevalence

A

total # cases

69
Q

morbidity

A

prevalence and disease pattern

70
Q

mortality

A

incidence and death patten

71
Q

functionalism and health

A
  • sickness must be controlled bc we cant fulfill roles
  • sick role
72
Q

sick role

A
  • must seek help
  • must try to get better
  • exempt from normal role
  • not responsible for getting sick
73
Q

conflict and health

A

medicine is an institution of social control
- medicalization
- health is a commodity for the rich

74
Q

SI and health

A

illness as a master status, doctors as gatekeepers of the sick role

75
Q

feminism and health

A

medicalization of womens bodies (reproductive capacity overshadows diverse health issues)

76
Q

canadian healthcare system

A

free healthcare 1950s
- universal, accessible, comprehensive, portable, publicly administered

77
Q

current issues in healthcare

A

high costs, long wait times, MH access

78
Q

medical marijuana

A

alleviate pain, mood, memory issues

79
Q

medically assisted death

A

legal, but some hosptial and long term care homes dont allow it

80
Q

opioid crisis

A

most ODs are accidental

soci 201 (3 decks)

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