Final Flashcards
A researcher wants to study the experience of receiving healthcare among people who use heroin. He recruits 2 participants and after completing their interviews, he asks them if they would ask their friends who are heroin users to participate int he study. What type of sampling is this researcher using?
A. consecutive sampling
B. snowball smapling
C, convenience sampling
D. cluster sampling
snowball sampling
which is where participants are asked to refer other people to participate in a study
Researchers conducted a qualitative study aimed at developing a “middle-range model to guide efforts in nursing education improvements.” The qualitative research tradtition most likely used was:
A. Phenomenology
B. Ethnography
C. Grounded Theory
D. Descriptive qualitative study
Grounded Theory
which is an approach to the conduct of field research that contributes to the development of middle-range theories
All of the following are ways qualitative researchers enhance the trustworthiness of their study except:
A. Incorporating data from many different data sources
B.Using purposive sampling sampling to search for disconfirming evidence
C. Having the participants review the findings to see if their experience is accurately captured
D. Controlling the study setting so that participants experience the phenomenon similarly
Controlling the study setting
To enhance trustworthiness in qualitative research, include:
Triangulation
searching for disconfirming evidence
member checking
A researcher is concerned that most of the participants she has interviewed had very similar experiences and she may not be discovering the full range of experiences and she may not be discovering the full range of experience with the phenomenon. She searched for more participants that had differing experiences to make sure her findings reflect the range of reality. Which criteria of trustworthiness was she concerned about.
A. Credibility
B. Dependability
C. Confirmability
D. Authenticity
Authenticity
Authenticity refers to the extent to which findings show a range of difference realities
One concern researchers should addresss when conducting focus group interviews is:
A. Making sure that participants’ ideas build off each other
B. Making sure that the participants’ conversation follows the interview guide
C. Making sure that all participants voices are heard
D. Making sure all participants has the same experience of the phenomenon
Making sure all participants voices are heard
Mixed methods research is used for what
developmental work
hypothesis generating and testing
explication
Theory building, testing, and refinement
What is convergent parallel design
quantitative and qualitative data collected simultaneously and given equal priority
Embedded Design =
Data collected simultaneously but one is given priority over another
Explanatory design =
quantitative first then qualitative to explain
Exploratory design =
Qualitative data collected first then quantitative
What is health services research
looks at organizational process and how they effect outcomes
what are the three ways to describe systematic review
systematic review - narrative review of multiple studies
meta-analysis
meta-synthesis
meta-analysis
RESEARCH QUESTION has to be nearly identical and data is consistent then all data compiled and tested together
meta-synthesis
qualitative systematic review
in meta-analysis what do the statistics mean
Forest plot square = effect size
size of square = bigger effect
Odds ratio of less than 1 is significant
Ethnography
Study of a culture and its people
edic emic
phenomology
study of a phenomenon
narrative analysis =
focuses on the story someone tells of a phenonmenon
Sampling plans in qualitative research
convenience
snowball
purposive sampling - selecting people with purpose to study a specific thing like confirmation bias
theoretical sampling = step by step sampling to construct a new theory
How do you determine a good sample size in qualitative studies
data saturation
Data collection with qualitative research
self-report = interviews, focus groups, diaries, photographs
observations
qualitative data analysis
check the accuracy of the data (content analysis)
develop categories
code data in categories
what criteria establish Trustworthiness of qualitative data =
credibility
dependibility
confirmability - objective account
transferability - can it be transferred
authenticity
How can researches enhance trustworithiness rigor of study
reflexive journaling - personal beliefs compared to data
decision trail - how did researched make decisions and documents
prolonged engagement/persisten observation = how intense was the data collection and engagement with the culture or community
comprehensive field notes
audiotaping and transcription
Triangulation = mulitple data sources
member checking
saturation od data
codebook
replication
search for disconfirming evidence
peer review/debriefing
