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Systematic Theology I > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Is the trinity taught in the OT?

A

No, the trinity had not been revealed because the Son being Jesus Christ had not yet been incarnated in the flesh.

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2
Q

Why is the trinity biblical, even though that actual word is not used in the Bible?

A

Because the term is simply used to describe the phenomena of God in the Bible.

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3
Q

How would you argue biblically for the doctrine of the trinity? (2 premises and a conclusion)

A
  1. Premise 1 - There is only one God. (1 Timothy 2:5)
  2. Premise 2 - There are three persons called God:
    a. The Father (1 Cor. 1:3);
    b. The Son (John 8:56-59);
    c. The Holy Spirit (Acts 5)
  3. Conclusion - Therefore, the three persons, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, are God.
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4
Q

Define trinity.

A

Within one being that is God there exists eternally three co-equals and co-eternal Persons, namely the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.

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5
Q

Define Substance.

A

The essence, nature, or being of God.

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6
Q

Define Subsistence.

A

The mode or manner of existence: the mode that is particular to each of the divine Persons and which in each constitutes the one essence of a distinct Person.

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7
Q

Define Person.

A

A subsistence in the divine essence related to the other two but distinguished from them by certain incommunicable properties.

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8
Q

Define Adoptionism or Dynamic Monarchianism.

A

The belief that Jesus was only human until his baptism when God adopted him as His son.

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9
Q

Define Modalistic Monarchianism or Sabellianism.

A

The belief that there is one God and that He expresses Himself in different ways, or modes. Therefore, the Son and the Holy Spirit are only different names for the same Person of God.

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10
Q

Define Tritheism.

A

The belief in three distinct Gods, and is therefore polytheistic.

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11
Q

Define ontological trinity.

A

The trinity as it existed, in and of itself, before creation or before time began.

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12
Q

Define economic trinity.

A

The doctrine of how the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit relate to each other.

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13
Q

How would you refute a Sabellianist or modalist?

A

The Scriptural references in which the three Persons of the trinity interact with one another contradict the idea that God is simply operating in three different modes or simply being called 1 of 3 different names. This is particularly evident in passages such as Matthew 3:16-17.

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14
Q

Define Macedonianism.

A

The belief that the Holy Spirit was created by the Son and subordinate to the Father and the Son.

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15
Q

Define essence.

A

One’s being or nature.

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16
Q

How would you argue philosophically for the trinity as well as for its logic not being contradictory?

A
  1. Many things have being, including rocks, cows, and human beings.
  2. Not every being is personal, e.g., rocks are not personal.
  3. Human beings have being and are personal.
  4. Our being, however, is limited and finite.
  5. As such, our beings are limited to one person, I am only me.
  6. Additionally, our limited being cannot be distributed among multiple persons.
  7. God, however, is not limited as a being.
  8. Therefore God can simultaneously be shared by 3 Persons.
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17
Q

What is the difference between Christology from above versus Christology from below?

A

From above starts with the deity of Jesus, meaning from what we know from kerygma (what the church proclaims about Jesus), and from below starts from Jesus’ humanity, specifically the historical Jesus.

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18
Q

How can one establish the deity of Christ? (What 3 passages can do this?)

A

As the apostles did, by pointing to the relationship between God the Father and the Son.

  1. Colossians 1:15-16: Jesus is the image of the invisible God, and in Him all things were created. (points to Jesus’ relationship to the Father and creation).
  2. John 1:16-18: Grace and truth came through Jesus (pointing to His work of salvation).
  3. Hebrews 1:3: Jesus is the radiance of God’s glory and an exact representation of His being. (pointing to Jesus’ divine nature in relation to God)
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19
Q

Name 2 OT passages that prophesy as to Christ’s eternality.

A

1: Psalm 90:2 “Before the mountains were born or you gave birth to the earth and the world, even from everlasting to everlasting, You are God.”
2: Isaiah 9:6 “For a child will be born to us, a son will be given to us; And the government will rest upon His shoulders; And His name will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Eternal Father, Prince of Peace.”

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20
Q

Name 2 NT passages that speak to Christ’s eternality.

A
  1. John 17:5 “Now, Father, glorify Me together with Yourself, with the glory which I had with You before the world was.”
  2. John 1:15 “This was He of whom I said, ‘He who comes after me has a higher rank than I, for He existed before me.”
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21
Q

What is meant when Jesus is called the “icon” of God?

A

It means that Jesus is a “precise and absolute correspondence” of the invisible God, not just the functional representative, but the visible picture of the invisible God, and therefore God Himself.

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22
Q

How would you defend the humanity of Christ?

A

I would point out Scripture which speak to His physical human traits such as maturing (Luke 2:52), being hungry (Matthew 4:2), being thirsty (John 19:28), being tired (John 4:6), and, not the least of which, dying (John 19:30-34), as well as his psychological human traits such as love (John 13:23), to compassion (Matthew 9:36), to anger and grief (Mark 3:5), to distress (Luke 12:50), and even being indignant (Mark 10:14). Lastly, I would also point out John 8:40 where Jesus refers to Himself as a man.

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23
Q

How do you explain the relationship between Christ’s deity and His humanity?

A

This is what is referred to as the doctrine of the God-man. Christ is both God and man, being one God but 2 distinct Persons within the same essence.

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24
Q

What is the difference between the eternality and the pre-existence of Christ?

A

The pre-existence of Christ points to the idea that Christ existed before He was incarnated on earth as Man. Christ’s eternality further points to the idea that Christ not only pre-existed His incarnation, but was not a created being, that is, there was no time when Christ did not exist. Eternality also points to Christ’s eternal state of existence even after His death and resurrection.

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25
Q

How many natures or wills did Jesus have, and why?

A

He had two wills, one divine and one human. The wills correspond to Christ’s 2 natures, which can be defended in conversations regarding Christ’s humanity and His deity.

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26
Q

Define Docetism.

A

The belief that Jesus was divine, but only appeared human, and so was not really man.

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27
Q

Define Ebionism.

A

The belief that Jesus was human, but not God.

28
Q

Define Arianism.

A

The belief that Jesus was not God and was created by God.

29
Q

Define Nestoriansim.

A

The belief that Christ is two persons who are not really joined together, so His to natures were separate.

30
Q

Define Eutychianism.

A

The belief that Christ had two natures before the incarnation, but one after.

31
Q

Define Hypostatic union.

A

The doctrine that Jesus is one divine Person with two natures.

32
Q

Define Monophysitism.

A

The idea that Christ has one nature (even though He may have had two natures prior to His incarnation).

33
Q

Define Monothelitism.

A

The belief that Christ had one will (even if He had two natures).

34
Q

Define Homoousios.

A

The belief that Jesus and God the Father are of one substance.

35
Q

Define Homoiousios.

A

The belief that Jesus and God the Father are of a similar (but not same) substance.

36
Q

Define Apollinarianism.

A

The belief that Jesus was human, but His mind and will were divine.

37
Q

Define First-born or begotten as it relates to Christ.

A

The Greek word refers to the Jewish understanding of “first-born” and attributed to Christ means the supremacy and preeminence of Christ in receiving creation as the first born of God the Father, and consequently points to Christ’s deity. Likewise, begotten connotes a similar significance in John 1, describing Jesus as the only-begotten Son.

38
Q

Define incarnation.

A

Jesus Christ becoming flesh on earth.

39
Q

What issues arise from the doctrine of the virgin birth of Jesus? (2)

A
  1. The importance of the virgin birth of Jesus as doctrine and its acceptance, since it has implications both with one’s acceptance of God’s miraculous actions as well as the logic behind the hypostatic union.
  2. Whether Jesus was conceived with an egg from Mary and a sperm created by God for the specific occasion, and thus Jesus developed in Mary’s womb just like a human being would, or the heretical belief that Jesus simply passed through Mary, which would be unlike any other human.
40
Q

What did Jesus ‘empty” Himself of in Philippians 2:5-11?

A

Jesus did not technically “empty” Himself of anything, rather, He made Himself nothing by coming in the likeness of a man as well as taking on the form of a servant - this is based on another definition of the Greek word for “empty”.

41
Q

Who or what died at Calvary? Jesus as just man or God-man? Defend your answer.

A

Jesus the God-man died, because:

  1. The doctrine of the hypostatic union demands that Jesus’ 2 natures never be separated.
  2. Atonement requires that the mediator who dies is both God and Man to satisfy the righteousness of God in universal sin for an infinite atonement.
  3. Any separation of the trinity is only in judicial terms, and not more.
42
Q

List 4 verses that support the sinlessness of Jesus Christ.

A
  1. Heb. 4:15
  2. 1 John 3:5
  3. 2 Cor. 5:21
  4. John 8:46
43
Q

Does true humanity require a capacity to sin, why or why not?

A

A true humanity, being the ideal or perfect humanity, does not require a capacity to sin. Jesus manifested such a perfect humanity and was sinless. And although this does not necessarily prove that all true humanity must therefore have no capacity to sin, it does show an example of humanity which had no capacity to sin (although a capacity to be tempted), and thus at least qualifies the statement “true humanity must include the capacity to sin”.

44
Q

How does Christ differ from Adam and Eve in His humanity and what does this imply?

A

Christ is God, and always was and Christ was infinitely able to resist sin. This implies that Christ succumbing to sin may not have been possible, unlike Adam and Eve, because their respective humanity was not completely parallel.

45
Q

Was the resurrection body of Christ essentially material or immaterial?

A

It was essentially material, although an eternal body, because of the accounts of Jesus being recognized physically, being hungry, showing His scars, breathing on the disciples, and His body had flesh and bones.

46
Q

Does Christ still possess a human nature? How do you know? What would be the purpose for it?

A

Yes, because the Bible tells us of Christ’s ascension as the incarnate Christ, which show the compatibility of humanity and glory, and the purpose for this is Christ’s role as our mediator and high priest, which can only truly be the case if Christ possesses a human nature.

47
Q

Define nature.

A

The essence of something.

48
Q

Define kenosis or kenotic theology.

A

Refers to the emptying of or the self-limiting actions of Jesus of His divinity. Kenotic Theology is theology that focuses on the person of Christ in terms of some form of self-limitation by the pre-existent Son in his becoming man.

49
Q

Define peccable versus impeccable.

A

Peccable is the idea that Jesus could have sinned, although He did not, and impeccable is the notion that Jesus sinning was not a possibility because of the deity of Christ, although He was tempted but did not yield to sin.

50
Q

Define virgin birth.

A

Jesus Christ being born, as a man, of the Virgin Mary, but instead of a man, was conceived by the Holy Spirit.

51
Q

Define resurrection.

A

Jesus died, but was then raised from the dead.

52
Q

Define reanimation.

A

Persons raised from the dead (not Jesus) who were simply restored to their earthly bodies, as opposed to Christ who was resurrected into a resurrected, eternal and new body.

53
Q

Characterize the development of the doctrine of the Holy Spirit in the Church Fathers? (3 periods)

A
  1. The Apostolic Fathers (up to 150 AD) were confused about both the Spirit’s Person and His Work.
  2. The Apologists (150 AD - 300 AD) were confused about the Spirit’s Person, but clarified His Work.
  3. The Theologians (300 AD - 430 AD) clarified both the Spirit’s Person and further clarified His Work.
54
Q

Highlight 20th century developments in the doctrine of the Holy Spirit.

A
  1. The issue of whether the Holy Spirit proceeds from just God the Father (a view held by the eastern church), or from both God the Father and the Son (advocated by the Western church), otherwise known as the Filioque Controversy.
  2. The Neo-Orthodox approach led by Barth that was a reaction to liberalism (which rejected many traditional doctrines) even though Barth preferred to use the term “3 modes of being” when referring to the Trinity rather than 3 “persons”.
  3. Paul Tilich advocated a symbolic interpretation of the Persons of the Trinity.
  4. A.B. Simpson focused on the empowerment by the Holy Spirit as well as the notion that healing continues today.
55
Q

Describe the ministry of the Holy Spirit as paraclete.

A

Paraclete means “helper” and “intercessor”, as such, the Holy Spirit continues the ministry of Jesus on earth in teaching, guiding, revealing, and indwelling in believers.

56
Q

Provide the 4 reasons supporting the personality of the Holy Spirit, citing Scripture as well.

A
  1. Attributes, such as being grieved (Eph. 4:30)
  2. Works, such as teaching (John 16:13)
  3. Personal pronouns, such as “He” (John 16:7-8)
  4. His position as the personal object of faith, such the the baptismal formula in Matthew 28:19.
57
Q

What are the key elements of the Holy Spirit as divine teacher? (2) Include Scriptural support.

A
  1. To complete Christ’s teaching (John 14:26a and 16:1);

2. To reinforce Christ’s teaching (John 14:26b and 16:4).

58
Q

Define Filioque.

A

“The Son”, in particular for the Filioque Controversy, involving the procession of the Holy Spirit - whether from the Father or the Father AND the Son.

59
Q

Define procession.

A

In reference to the Holy Spirit, it means that the Spirit proceeded from the Father and the Son in that the Father and the Son put the Holy Spirit in possession of the whole divine essence without any change, alienation, or or division.

60
Q

Define paraclete.

A

Greek word for “Helper” ascribed to the Holy Spirit.

61
Q

Define Spirit baptism.

A

The act of the Holy Spirit whereby he permanently places the believer into union with the Body of Christ at the time of his or her salvation.

62
Q

How do you know that the Holy Spirit is a Person and not an exercise of God’s power?

A

The Scriptural evidence for the Holy Spirit’s personhood is strong, including His personality (attributes, pronoun, as an object of faith,works) as well as the relationship shown between the Holy Spirit and the Father as well as the Holy Spirit and the Son, such as when Jesus was baptized.

63
Q

Are we baptized by the Holy Spirit or in the Holy Spirit, and what is the difference?

A

Baptism in the Holy Spirit is usually associated with the idea of a second baptism, that is, beyond the first being salvation. It is a view held by certain denominations such as Pentecostals, who view baptism as having 2 stages. I believe we are baptized by the Holy Spirit for salvation, although there are times when we may be filled with the Holy Spirit for particular acts of service unto God.

64
Q

Does baptism represent a second blessing to be obtained by believers?

A

No, baptism is a on time occurrence during which the Holy Spirit is sealed and indwells in the believer.

65
Q

What is blasphemy against the Holy Spirit, and is this something that can happen today?

A

Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit is essentially unbelief of a permanent state, which can occur today, although the particular acts which constituted the blasphemy in the NT may not be duplicated as they referred to acts by Jesus in casting out demons while on earth.

66
Q

What does is mean to be Spirit-filled? What are the biblical evidences? (3) And how does one obtain this?

A

It means to be controlled by the Holy Spirit.
The evidences are:
1. The singing heart (Eph. 5:19);
2. The thankful heart (Eph. 5:20); and
3. The submissive heart (Eph 5:21).
This may be obtained by the study, meditation, memorization, and obedient application of God’s Word.

67
Q

What are the 5 key Works of the Holy Spirit? Define them and give Scriptural references for each.

A
  1. Baptism: Act by which the Holy Spirit places the believer into the Body of Christ (1 Cor. 12:13);
  2. Indwelling: Act by which the Holy Spirit takes up permanent residency in the person and life of the believer (1 Cor. 6:19);
  3. Filling: Provision of the Holy Spirit whereby He enables the believer for service and to be yielded to the control of the Holy Spirit (Eph. 5:18);
  4. Anointing: Act of the Holy Spirit by which He enables the believer to be taught (1 John 2:20); and
  5. Sealing: Act of God the Father with the Spirit whereby He places the Spirit in the believer as a pledge of his ultimate redemption (Eph. 1:13-14).

Systematic Theology I (2 decks)

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