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Anthro 150 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

When was the term “racist” coined?

A

1930 - response to nazism

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2
Q

Define racism

A

There are many definitions
“a system of power based on race”

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3
Q

What is “old” racism?

A

Based on perceived biological differences

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4
Q

What is “new” racism?

A

Based on perceived cultural differences -ethnicity

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5
Q

Who leads the deconstruct racism ted talk?

A

Baratunde
Rafiq
Thurston

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6
Q

How does Thurston define White Supremacy?

A

A system of structural advantage
Favours white people in social, political, and economic arenas
The narrative of racial difference

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7
Q

What is Thurstons first level?

A

Reverse the roles

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8
Q

Level 2?

A

Increase beliveability of the reversal

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9
Q

level 3?

A

Change the action

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10
Q

Bonus level?

A

Inclusion

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11
Q

What is the realist approach to racism?

A

changing physical realities of minorities lives

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12
Q

What is the idealist approach to racism?

A

changing words, behaviours, and attitudes

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13
Q

What is a polarized stereotype?

A

Normalizing whiteness

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14
Q

What is being “white”? (Audrey Kobayashi and Linda Peake)

A

Whiteness is a set of cultural practices and politics based on ideological norms that are lived but not acknowledged

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15
Q

What is cultural appropriation?

A

Dominant group selectively adopting and de-contextualizing elements of minority cultures without consent

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16
Q

What is “racelessness”?

A

Coping strategy that involves the suppression of racial identity in order to achieve success

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17
Q

What is colourism?

A

White ideals of beauty

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18
Q

When was the Canadian Multiculturalism Act created?

A

1988

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19
Q

What is Canada’s type of Racism? explain

A

Democratic racism - value conflict between democratic values and negative attitudes toward minorities

Equal lawfully but not socially

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20
Q

What are the Starlight Tours?

A

Saskatoon - 1970s into the 2000s
Indigenous men taken by police outside of city limits in a remote area to freeze to death

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21
Q

Is there racism in hockey?

A

YES
Players of colour typically face discrimination by the team and by the audiences

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22
Q

What is Maclean’s “Too Asian”?

A

U of T having a high percentage of students who are of East Asian decent

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23
Q

Racism and COVID-19

A

Brought more instances of anti-Asian racism

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24
Q

What is ideological racism?

A

Racism that exists as a socio-cultural dimension in a society

Cultural values, behaviours, and communication patterns that consistently advance the dominant group

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25
Q

Describe Casual Racism

A

Everyday practices that are racist, but no not necessarily take form of hate speech or openly invoking hierarchies

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26
Q

What is Implicit Bias? Implicit association test:

A

Measures implicit attitudes and beliefs that people are either unwilling or unable to report

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27
Q

What is the most common form of racism?

A

Microaggressions

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28
Q

Where did the term “institutional racism” come from?

A

1960s USA - Black Power

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29
Q

Lord Macphersons’ report 1999 on institutional racism:

A

The collective failure of an organization to provide an appropriate and professional service to people because of their colour, culture, or ethnic origin. It can be seen or detected in processes, attitudes and behaviour which amount to discrimination through unwitting prejudice, ignorance, thoughtlessness, and racist stereotyping which disadvantage minority ethnic people.

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30
Q

What was the backlash from Macpheresons’ report?

A

It generalized racism into institutions rather than focusing on individual attitudes and practices.

Police have a few “rotten apples” rather than focusing on education and reform

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31
Q

Who is William Julius Wilson?

A

A black sociologist who published ‘The Declining Significance of Race’ 1978.
Black life chances are now more dependent on social class background than ‘race’

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32
Q

What was the 1964 Civil Rights Act?

A

President Kenny in 1963 - Aimed to end direct and unintentional discriminations and to redress the huge historical imbalance by providing assistance quotas to blacks

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33
Q

What creates the ‘new black middle class’?

A

Black communities often have lower wages, segregated neighborhoods and unfair disadvantages to this day.
Homicides have increased to the point of being the leading cause of death for black males.
Nearly 30% of black men will spend time in a Federal Prison

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34
Q

What was the quote from President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1965 regarding institutional racism?

A

“You do not take a person who for years has been hobbled by chains, and liberate him up to the starting line, and then say ‘you are free to compete with all the others’”.

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35
Q

What is the “SS Empire Windrush”?

A

Many Black and Asian Immigrants came to Britain.
The British Labour Government of Attlee was horrified, they wanted white immigrants, and dubbed those aboard as “undesirable elements” and attempts were made to prevent the ship from sailing

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36
Q

How was the 1948 Nationality Act actually racist?

A

Allowed freedom of entry to those from the colonies and “old Commonwealth” hoping they would be whites from Australia, New Zealand and Canada

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37
Q

Which specific racialized group has the most challenges in education?

A

African Caribbean boys
Often are treated the most hostile by teachers and have the most rules at school that oppress their identities

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38
Q

What factors of teacher racism were shown in “‘Race’, Culture and Difference” (1992)

A

African boys are seen as:
Physically threatening
Sexual predators - white women teachers
Perceptions from the way police treat black men
Taunted as “white” “gay” or being a “pussy” when interested in academic life

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39
Q

What is considered the “longest hatred”

A

Anti-Semitism

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40
Q

What is identified as the most recent form of racism

A

Islamophobia

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41
Q

What did the 1984 Commission for Racial Equality reveal?

A

St. George Medical School systematically penalized British applicants with non-christian surnames

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42
Q

Did ancient Egypt have distinct racist practices?

A

no

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43
Q

What did Aristotle propose about those living in colder climates?

A

They produced populations full of spirit but deficient in skill and intelligence

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44
Q

How did the Roman Empire differ in racism?

A

It viewed environmental and political factors as a basis for judgement. Emperor Septemus Serverrus (193-211 AD) was black

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45
Q

When did “theological anti-semitism” begin?

A

4th Century AD onward

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46
Q

What were the two greatest disasters to befall European Jews in the medieval period?

A

The massacres of 1096 France and Germany that followed the declaration of the First Crusade in 1095.

The expulsion from Spain in 1492 after the power of Christian Crusaders

47
Q

Who was the Black Death plague primarily blamed on?

A

Jews

48
Q

What occurred on 31 March 1492?

A

Catholic Monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella signed the edict expelling jews

49
Q

What is limpieza de sangre ?

A

The purity of blood, in the 16th century certificates of pure blood were often required for membership in a variety of religious associations

50
Q

Was racism evident in ancient Islam?

A

White as good and black as bad was seen though no consistent conflations of racism have been found to exist.

51
Q

Was Racism evident in ancient China?

A

Some non-Chinese peoples were regarded as barbarians, though this allows the idea that they can change and become civilized

52
Q

What are the highest levels of racism?

A

institutional and structural

53
Q

What is the lowest level of racism?

A

Individual racism

54
Q

Define structural racism

A

A system in which the society perpetrates racial inequalities through its institutions, policies, practices and cultural ideals.
Inequalities that operate on a society-wide level
These are rooted in historical circumstances

55
Q

Describe Institutional Racism

A

Racism that operates through political institutions, legal institutions, schools, police force, media, religious institutions etc.

This form of racism is prevailing and present everywhere

56
Q

What is Affirmative Action?

A

An attempt to counter institutional racism through measures made to help members of disadvantaged groups.
Often heavily critisized and seen as unfair

57
Q

Why is it important to not deny systemic racism?

A

We then ignore the actual disadvantages that will persist

58
Q

Define intersectionality

A

How multiple, interlocking systems of power and oppression affect people

59
Q

When was intersectionality first introduced?

A

To address the marginalization of black women in feminist and anti-racism politics

60
Q

What are the important axis of power?

A

Race
gender
class
sexual orientation
gender identity
age
religion
disability
geographical location

61
Q

What is the first documentary film?

A

Nanook of the North - Inuit groups

62
Q

what is “new world syndrome” ?

A

type 2 diabetes, obesity, gallstones, heart disease

63
Q

who is most likely to have the “new world syndrome”

A

Indigenous populations

64
Q

what population is targeted for heart disease?

A

African Americans die of heart failure at twice the rate of white people

65
Q

why are white people most likely to have skin cancer?

A

lighter skin
skin cancer is harder to detect with darker skin tones

66
Q

why do people of colour often get ignored for medical needs?

A

There was a presumption that black people had a higher pain threshold

Often stereotyped and will not be given pain medication

67
Q

What is true about racism?

A

It invloves individuals as well as society as a whole

68
Q

Unfair treatment based on preconceived negative notions or opinions can be defined as:

A

Discrimination

69
Q

The term “racist” was coined in the:

A

1930 (20th century)

70
Q

“The Three Bear Effect” refers to:

A

polarizing stereotypes

71
Q

How do “idealists” view racism?

A

as a matter of discourse and attitudes

72
Q

What is described as “racelessness”?

A

a coping strategy that involves the suppression of racial identity in order to achieve success

73
Q

Internalized racism:

A

Is about the people of colour believing in racist messages and ideas about their own group

74
Q

Revisionist history focuses on:

A

the interpretation of events that square accurately with minorities experiences

75
Q

What is NOT true about the concept “white privilege”?

A

it refers to individual wealth privileges that white people enjoy

76
Q

“Passing” refers to:

A

A person of colour being perceived as white

77
Q

According to Flears, “polite racism” in Canada:

A

uses politically neutral language as a code to camouflage prejudice and racism

78
Q

According to Lund and Carr’s study “Racism in the Great White North”:

A

A study on whiteness received backlash even before it was published

79
Q

What is true for multicultural policy in Canada?

A

It recognizes Canada as a nation with cultural and racial diversity
it can lead to the so-called “ethnic ghettoes”
It encourages superficial cultural differences, but does not address deeper issues

80
Q

What is recognized as a dominant form of racism in Canada?

A

New Racism

81
Q

What is true about the ideal of the individual merit?

A

It is an ideal, but might not always be true in reality

82
Q

Institutional racism typically does NOT refer to:

A

Interpersonal conflict in everyday life

83
Q

Normative racism is a part of:

A

Ideological racism

84
Q

What is true about intersectionality?

A

It highlights the invisibility of not being a prototypical member of a group

85
Q

What can be described as an example of “Salvage ethnography”?

A

Nanook of the North Documentary

86
Q

Media representation:

A

Can lead to subconscious bias and ideas

87
Q

According to initial studied, what is said to be the cause of the heart disease and heart
failure among the African-Americans?

A

Nictric oxide deficiency

88
Q

Describe Ideological Racism

A

Cultural values, behaviours, communication patterns.
Neoliberalism as normative racism: Placing blame for social inequalities on individuals

89
Q

Describe Implicit Bias (Implicit association test)

A

Measures implicit attitudes and beliefs that people are unwilling or unable to report

90
Q

What are the highest levels of racism?

A

institutional and structural
Lowest: Individual

91
Q

Examples of Institutional Racism

A

Police brutality and profiling
Different treatment (and punishment) of students of colour
Higher punishment for the same crime
Education curricula that focuses on white as default
“Fit” in hiring practices
Racism in sports
Healthcare

92
Q

Describe Affirmative Action

A

Education, employment, etc.
Attempt to counter institutional racism through measures made to help members of disadvantaged groups
Often heavily criticized and seen as unfair
It goes against the ideals of equality and individual merit – seen as unfair advantage

93
Q

When was Intersectionality first introduced?

A

First introduced to address the marginalization of black women in feminist and anti-racism politics.

94
Q

Is there mathematics involved in intersectionality?

A

NO
Oppression Olympics – A derailment. Not good to engage in it; can contribute to silencing instead of addressing the problem!

95
Q

What is “Nanook of the North”?

A

“Nanook of the North” (1922) – Robert Fleherty
Considered to be the first documentary film
Staged scenes and situations
“Salvage ethnography” approach
The film: Crucial role at representing Inuit to those outside of the Artic and sub-Artic regions
“Myth of Authenticity”

96
Q

What is “New World Syndrome”

A

Type 2 diabetes, obesity, gallstones, heart disease in Indigenous populations

97
Q

Is heart disease among African Americans environmental?

A

yes

98
Q

Describe idealists

A

holds that racism and discrimination are matters of thinking, mental categorization, attitude, and discourse
Race is a social construction

99
Q

Describe realists or economic determinists

A

racism is a collection of unfavourable impressions of members of other groups.
Society allocates privilege and status

100
Q

Does revisionist history accurately represent minorities?

A

yes

101
Q

What do materialists aim to change?

A

the physical circumstances of minorities’ lives before racism abates

102
Q

What is the Critique of Liberalism?

A

Declining the promotion of colour-blindness

103
Q

Describe Structural Determinism

A

the idea that our system,
by reason of its structure and vocabulary, is ill equipped
to redress certain types of wrong. Structural determinism,
a powerful notion that engages both the idealistic and the materialistic strands of critical race theory, takes a number of forms.

104
Q

Describe the “Sisters in Spirit” initiative

A

The Sisters in Spirit initiative works to reduce the risks and increase the safety and security of all Aboriginal women in Canada, regardless of where they work or where they live.
The initiative also works to draw attention, recognition, and dignity to those Aboriginal women and girls who are still missing and those already found murdered.

105
Q

What was the goal of the Great White North project?

A

to challenge oppression through an analysis of racialized privileges

106
Q

Describe everyday racism

A

unconscious speech habits and routine everyday actions / interactions that have the cumulative effect of denying and excluding racial minorities

107
Q

Describe normative racism

A

largely unconscious bias from cultural values that bolster the realities, experiences, and expectations of the dominant sector while disadvantaging those percieved as physically or culturally inferior

108
Q

What were the three main characterizations of black youth in the workplace?

A

The Scary Black Person
The Underachiever
The Minstrel

109
Q

Describe polite racism

A

a contrived attempt to disguise a dislike
of others through behaviour that outwardly is non-prejudicial in appearance.
These politely aversive feelings are not expressed through outright hostility
or hate, but often through patterns of avoidance or rejection

110
Q

Example of polite racism

A

Saying an apartment has been rented to a black person when it is vacant

111
Q

Describe Subliminal Racism

A

below-the-conscious biases are internalized through
informal socialization, deeply embedded within the subconscious, that surface by accident or in unguarded moments, and reflect a gap between what people say (values they profess to endorse) and what they do (values they prefer to practise).

112
Q

What is ethnography?

A

A feild involving description of other cultures

113
Q

What is the hashtag #concernedstudent1950

A

used by students too raise national awareness of their efforts to support students of color and racist policies in institutions

114
Q

What was banned in the 1964 Civil Rights Act?

A

discrimination by employers

Anthro 150 (2 decks)

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