Final Flashcards
Many immigrants to the United states will adapt aspects of the American culture, while maintaining aspects of their original culture. This process is best defined as:
Acculturation
A boundary that separates the regions in which different language usages predominate is:
Isogloss
A collection of languages related through a common ancestral language that existed several thousand years ago is:
language family
Romance languages are clustered in:
Southwestern Europe and Latin America
A form of speech that adopts a simplified version of a lingua franca’s grammar and vocabulary to communicate with another language is called:
Pidgin Language
Which of the following is the BEST example to hear a Creole language spoken:
Paris, France
Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Bogota, Colombia
Little Rock, Arkansas
Havana Cuba
Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Identify which language branch is the primary language in the shaded regions of each map
(map is shaded in US, Canada, Greenland, UK, Finland, Sweden, Germany, Australia, and New Zealand)
Germanic
Identify which language branch is the primary language in the shaded regions of each map
(map is shaded in Latin America, Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, and Romania)
Romance
Identify which language branch is the primary language in the shaded regions of each map
(Map is shaded in eastern China)
Chinese
According to Renfrew and Grays theory of language migration, Indo-European languages spread by:
expansion diffusion
According to Gimbutas’ theory, Indo-European languages spread by:
Hierarchical diffusion
Which of the following IS NOT an element in how languages evolve
a. isolation
b. time
c. phonemes
d. distance
c. phonemes
Among the reasons why English is such a difficult language for non-native speakers to read is its:
use of Latinate as well as Greek prefixes suffixes and root words
The difference between a “dialect” and a “slang” is that a dialect _____ and a slang ____
is rule governed, replaces one word or idea with another word in the same language
A “pidgen” is the result of
contact between speakers of other languages
A “creole” is the result of
development from a mixture of different languages that is a complete language used in a community and acquired by children as their native language
A “lingua franca” develops when
a language that is widely spoken as a first language and is the most popular second language for business and diplomacy
93% of the languages in the United States are extinct(or nearly extinct) because
intentional government policies to eradicate indigenous languages
Atkinson’s theory on how languages spread(which was verified through genetic testing of DNA) argues that
the more phonemes a language has, the older the language is - and therefore younger languages have fewer phonemes
“Proper”, “acceptable” or “appropriate” speech as opposed to “vulgar” , “improper”, or “unacceptable” speech (as illustrated with Latinate and Germanic words in class) is one way a group can _____ over another group.
exert power
Evangelical religions are also
Universal religions
Which of the following religions did not originate with a founder or innovating prophet
a. Buddhism
b. Hinduism
c. Islam
d. Taoism
e. Confucianism
b. Hinduism
Local Native American and African religions that teach a belief in a natural world full of spiritual beings and supernatural powers are often referred to as
animist
A pilgrim Islam would most likely visit which modern-day country?
Saudi Arabia
The worlds most widespread religion is
Christianity
Which of the following countries is predominately Shiite Muslim
a. Saudi Arabia
b. Indonesia
c. Pakistan
d. Iran
e. Philippines
d. Iran
The hearth of Sikhism is found in which country?
Pakistan
The hearth of the spiritual center of Islam is at
Mecca
_____ is an excellent example of a non-evangelical, universalizing religion
buddhism
In____ religions, community, common history, and social relations are inextricably intertwined with spiritual beliefs
ethnic
Which of the following is NOT a tenant of Buddhism
a. Life is suffering
b. Every man for himself
c. Following the 8-fold path reduces suffering
d. Suffering is caused by desires and greed
b. Every man for himself
Confucianism
is more of a political philosophy than a religion
A global religion founded on the principle of polytheism is
Hinduism
The existence of Hindu India communities in places such as Guyana, Fiji, and South Africa is the result of
colonial-era labor migrations
The cast system in Hindu India is a social structure based upon
a social hierarchy in which a person is born into a caste and cannot change castes during their lifetime
All of the following are branches or denominations of Islam EXCEPT
a. Shi’a
b. Sunni
c. Sufism
d. Hinduism
d. Hinduism
Jerusalem is considered a holy place by all of the following religions EXCEPT
a. Catholicism
b. Protestantism
c. Islam
d. Taoism
e. Judaism
d. Taoism
Identify which religion is the primary religion in the shaded regions of each map
(shaded portions of the map include North Africa, Middle East, and West Asia(from past India to Russia) and the Islands above Australia)
Islam
Identify which religion is the primary religion in the shaded regions of each map
(Japan)
Shinto
A “habit” is
a repetitive act particular to an individual
A “custom” is
A repetitive act of a group
“Folk Culture” is defined as
enduring practices of a people
“Popular Culture” is defined as
The rapidly changing tastes and customs of a group
“Local Culture” is a group of people in a particular place who
a. see themselves as a collective or a community
b. share experiences, customs, and traits
c. work to distinguish themselves from others
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
All of the following are elements of “popular culture” EXCEPT
a. it is wide-ranging and heterogeneous
b. it is local in scale
c. embraces folk culture traits
d. it is ubiquitous across the cultural landscape
b. it is local in scale
All of the following are examples of “hierarchical diffusion” EXCEPT
a. social media
b. television or film
c. chain migration
d. neolocialism
c. chain migration
The difference between rural local cultures and urban local cultures is
ethnic neighborhoods can quickly change in urban local cultures
Aspects of local culture are commodified by
a. tourists
b. celebrities
c. neolocalism
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Hearths of popular culture are established by:
a. Contagious diffusion that is commodified
b. Corporations utilizing hierarchical diffusion
c. Neolocalism
d. A and B only
d. a and b only
Distance decay is related to folk culture by
maintaining the unique aspects of folk culture close to its hearth
Time space compression is related to popular culture by
diffusing folk culture rapidly depending on the interconnectedness among places
The McShwarma, McCabe, McPoutine, and McCalabresa are all examples of
syncretism
Why does folk culture face a sustainability problem?
because popular culture seeks to find “new”, “authentic” cultures
Why does popular culture face a sustainability problem?
because popular culture is short-lived by nature
Which of the following IS NOT an element of the cultural landscape?
a. architecture
b. non-material culture
c. clothing
d. sites
d. sites
Popular culture is a threat to the cultural landscape by creating
placelessness
all of the following are examples of “contagious diffusion” except
a. migration
b. tourism
c. immigration
d. government mandates
d. government mandates
the goals of local customs are to
avoid assimilation and encourage cultural appropriation
when an aspect of popular culture is modified to local customs, it’s called
reterritorialization
The concept that nations have the right to govern themselves is known as
self-determination
a nation is a
large group of people who are united by common cultural characteristics, such as language and ethnicity, or by shared history
a nation-state is
a state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular nation
a multinational state is
a state that contains more than one nation
russia is a ____
multinational state
ukraine is a _____
multinational state
Georgia is a
multinational state
Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan are
multinational states
Armenia is a
nation-state
Azerbaijan is a
nation-state
Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania are
nation-states
Belarus and Moldova are
nation-states
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan are
nation-states
Greenland is a
colony
Hong Kong an Macao are
colonies
