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Human Geo > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Many immigrants to the United states will adapt aspects of the American culture, while maintaining aspects of their original culture. This process is best defined as:

A

Acculturation

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2
Q

A boundary that separates the regions in which different language usages predominate is:

A

Isogloss

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3
Q

A collection of languages related through a common ancestral language that existed several thousand years ago is:

A

language family

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4
Q

Romance languages are clustered in:

A

Southwestern Europe and Latin America

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5
Q

A form of speech that adopts a simplified version of a lingua franca’s grammar and vocabulary to communicate with another language is called:

A

Pidgin Language

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6
Q

Which of the following is the BEST example to hear a Creole language spoken:
Paris, France
Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Bogota, Colombia
Little Rock, Arkansas
Havana Cuba

A

Port-au-Prince, Haiti

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7
Q

Identify which language branch is the primary language in the shaded regions of each map

(map is shaded in US, Canada, Greenland, UK, Finland, Sweden, Germany, Australia, and New Zealand)

A

Germanic

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8
Q

Identify which language branch is the primary language in the shaded regions of each map

(map is shaded in Latin America, Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, and Romania)

A

Romance

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9
Q

Identify which language branch is the primary language in the shaded regions of each map

(Map is shaded in eastern China)

A

Chinese

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10
Q

According to Renfrew and Grays theory of language migration, Indo-European languages spread by:

A

expansion diffusion

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11
Q

According to Gimbutas’ theory, Indo-European languages spread by:

A

Hierarchical diffusion

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12
Q

Which of the following IS NOT an element in how languages evolve

a. isolation
b. time
c. phonemes
d. distance

A

c. phonemes

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13
Q

Among the reasons why English is such a difficult language for non-native speakers to read is its:

A

use of Latinate as well as Greek prefixes suffixes and root words

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14
Q

The difference between a “dialect” and a “slang” is that a dialect _____ and a slang ____

A

is rule governed, replaces one word or idea with another word in the same language

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15
Q

A “pidgen” is the result of

A

contact between speakers of other languages

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16
Q

A “creole” is the result of

A

development from a mixture of different languages that is a complete language used in a community and acquired by children as their native language

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17
Q

A “lingua franca” develops when

A

a language that is widely spoken as a first language and is the most popular second language for business and diplomacy

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18
Q

93% of the languages in the United States are extinct(or nearly extinct) because

A

intentional government policies to eradicate indigenous languages

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19
Q

Atkinson’s theory on how languages spread(which was verified through genetic testing of DNA) argues that

A

the more phonemes a language has, the older the language is - and therefore younger languages have fewer phonemes

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20
Q

“Proper”, “acceptable” or “appropriate” speech as opposed to “vulgar” , “improper”, or “unacceptable” speech (as illustrated with Latinate and Germanic words in class) is one way a group can _____ over another group.

A

exert power

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21
Q

Evangelical religions are also

A

Universal religions

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22
Q

Which of the following religions did not originate with a founder or innovating prophet

a. Buddhism
b. Hinduism
c. Islam
d. Taoism
e. Confucianism

A

b. Hinduism

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23
Q

Local Native American and African religions that teach a belief in a natural world full of spiritual beings and supernatural powers are often referred to as

A

animist

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24
Q

A pilgrim Islam would most likely visit which modern-day country?

A

Saudi Arabia

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25
Q

The worlds most widespread religion is

A

Christianity

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26
Q

Which of the following countries is predominately Shiite Muslim

a. Saudi Arabia
b. Indonesia
c. Pakistan
d. Iran
e. Philippines

A

d. Iran

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27
Q

The hearth of Sikhism is found in which country?

A

Pakistan

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28
Q

The hearth of the spiritual center of Islam is at

A

Mecca

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29
Q

_____ is an excellent example of a non-evangelical, universalizing religion

A

buddhism

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30
Q

In____ religions, community, common history, and social relations are inextricably intertwined with spiritual beliefs

A

ethnic

31
Q

Which of the following is NOT a tenant of Buddhism

a. Life is suffering
b. Every man for himself
c. Following the 8-fold path reduces suffering
d. Suffering is caused by desires and greed

A

b. Every man for himself

32
Q

Confucianism

A

is more of a political philosophy than a religion

33
Q

A global religion founded on the principle of polytheism is

A

Hinduism

34
Q

The existence of Hindu India communities in places such as Guyana, Fiji, and South Africa is the result of

A

colonial-era labor migrations

35
Q

The cast system in Hindu India is a social structure based upon

A

a social hierarchy in which a person is born into a caste and cannot change castes during their lifetime

36
Q

All of the following are branches or denominations of Islam EXCEPT

a. Shi’a
b. Sunni
c. Sufism
d. Hinduism

A

d. Hinduism

37
Q

Jerusalem is considered a holy place by all of the following religions EXCEPT

a. Catholicism
b. Protestantism
c. Islam
d. Taoism
e. Judaism

A

d. Taoism

38
Q

Identify which religion is the primary religion in the shaded regions of each map

(shaded portions of the map include North Africa, Middle East, and West Asia(from past India to Russia) and the Islands above Australia)

A

Islam

39
Q

Identify which religion is the primary religion in the shaded regions of each map

(Japan)

A

Shinto

40
Q

A “habit” is

A

a repetitive act particular to an individual

41
Q

A “custom” is

A

A repetitive act of a group

42
Q

“Folk Culture” is defined as

A

enduring practices of a people

43
Q

“Popular Culture” is defined as

A

The rapidly changing tastes and customs of a group

44
Q

“Local Culture” is a group of people in a particular place who

a. see themselves as a collective or a community
b. share experiences, customs, and traits
c. work to distinguish themselves from others
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

45
Q

All of the following are elements of “popular culture” EXCEPT

a. it is wide-ranging and heterogeneous
b. it is local in scale
c. embraces folk culture traits
d. it is ubiquitous across the cultural landscape

A

b. it is local in scale

46
Q

All of the following are examples of “hierarchical diffusion” EXCEPT

a. social media
b. television or film
c. chain migration
d. neolocialism

A

c. chain migration

47
Q

The difference between rural local cultures and urban local cultures is

A

ethnic neighborhoods can quickly change in urban local cultures

48
Q

Aspects of local culture are commodified by

a. tourists
b. celebrities
c. neolocalism
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

49
Q

Hearths of popular culture are established by:

a. Contagious diffusion that is commodified
b. Corporations utilizing hierarchical diffusion
c. Neolocalism
d. A and B only

A

d. a and b only

50
Q

Distance decay is related to folk culture by

A

maintaining the unique aspects of folk culture close to its hearth

51
Q

Time space compression is related to popular culture by

A

diffusing folk culture rapidly depending on the interconnectedness among places

52
Q

The McShwarma, McCabe, McPoutine, and McCalabresa are all examples of

A

syncretism

53
Q

Why does folk culture face a sustainability problem?

A

because popular culture seeks to find “new”, “authentic” cultures

54
Q

Why does popular culture face a sustainability problem?

A

because popular culture is short-lived by nature

55
Q

Which of the following IS NOT an element of the cultural landscape?

a. architecture
b. non-material culture
c. clothing
d. sites

A

d. sites

56
Q

Popular culture is a threat to the cultural landscape by creating

A

placelessness

57
Q

all of the following are examples of “contagious diffusion” except

a. migration
b. tourism
c. immigration
d. government mandates

A

d. government mandates

58
Q

the goals of local customs are to

A

avoid assimilation and encourage cultural appropriation

59
Q

when an aspect of popular culture is modified to local customs, it’s called

A

reterritorialization

60
Q

The concept that nations have the right to govern themselves is known as

A

self-determination

61
Q

a nation is a

A

large group of people who are united by common cultural characteristics, such as language and ethnicity, or by shared history

62
Q

a nation-state is

A

a state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular nation

63
Q

a multinational state is

A

a state that contains more than one nation

64
Q

russia is a ____

A

multinational state

65
Q

ukraine is a _____

A

multinational state

66
Q

Georgia is a

A

multinational state

67
Q

Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan are

A

multinational states

68
Q

Armenia is a

A

nation-state

69
Q

Azerbaijan is a

A

nation-state

70
Q

Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania are

A

nation-states

71
Q

Belarus and Moldova are

A

nation-states

72
Q

Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan are

A

nation-states

73
Q

Greenland is a

A

colony

74
Q

Hong Kong an Macao are

A

colonies

Human Geo (5 decks)

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