ag Flashcards
agribusiness
commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food processing industry
agricultural revolution
time when people first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering
agriculture
deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth’s surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for economic gain
aquaculture
cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions
cereal grain
grass that yields grain for food
commercial agriculture
agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm
crop
any plant gathered from a field as a harvest
crop rotation
practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop to avoid exhausting the soil
dairy farm
form of commercial agriculture that specializes in the production of dairy products
desertification
degradation of land primarily because of human actions such as excessive crop planting
dietary energy consumption
amount of food that an individual consumes, measured in kilocalories
double cropping
harvesting twice a year from the same field
fishing
capture of wild fish and other seafood living in the water
food security
physical, social, and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life
genetically modified organism(GMO)
living organism that possesses a novel combination of genetic material obtained through the use of modern biotechnology
grain
seed of a cereal grain
green revolution
rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology
horitculture
growing of fruits, vegetable, and flowers
intensive subsistence agriculture
form of subsistence agriculture characteristics of Asia’s major population concentrations in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land
milkshed
area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied
mixed crop and livestock farming
commercial farming characterized by integration of crops and livestock; most of the crops are fed to animals rather than consumed directly by humans
no tillage
farming practice that leaves all the soil undisturbed and the entire residue of the previous year’s harvest left untouched
overfishing
capturing fish faster than they can reproduce
paddy
Malay word for wet rice, increasingly used to describe a flooding field.
pastoral nomadism
form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals
plantation
large farm in tropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country
prime agricultural land
most productive farmland
ranching
form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area
ridge tillage
system of planting crops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation
sawah
flooded fields for growing rice
shifting cultuvation
form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period
slash-and-burn agriculture
name for shifting cultivation because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris
subsistence agriculture
agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmed
swidden
patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning
transhumance
seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures
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