Final Flashcards
Often what defines problematic drug use is
Use despite negative effects
Drugs act on different ______, _______
receptors, neurotransmitteres
There is a ____% heritability for substance use
50
Need for more drug to achieve the desired effects / reduced effect of the same amount of drug. leading to greater use
Tolerance
Physical and psychological symptoms that appear after non-use
withdrawal
When more drug is taken than intended
Loss of control
When using the drug becomes the reason for living, when there is increased time spent finding and using drug, low self esteem, etc.
Diminished quality of life
When DA is released at the synapse, it is rapidly cleared from the synaptic cleft by the DA transporter
reuptake
Cocaine blocks the _______, making DA ______
DAT, remain in the synapse for longer
Amphetamine ______ DAT, which causes ____ DA to be released, ______ to be impaired, and _______ to be blocked
reverses, more, uptake, breakdown
Opiates impair ______ of DA-producing neurons in the _____, increasing release
inhibition, VTA
The idea that addicts take drugs to get rid of withdrawal symptoms
Physical dependence model
the idea that addicts take drugs for the pleasurable feelings
Positive reward model
______ or lesions of the _____ system abolish self administration for drugs such as ________.
DA antagonists, mesolimbic DA system, psychostimulants
Responding for drugs of abuse is associated with increased ______ release in the _____ and other areas, which lasts up to ___ hours, and results in a _____% increase from controls
DA, accumbens, 2, 700
pleasurable, hedonic effects of reinforcer
liking
Craving, the willingness to work for the reinforcer
wanting
Lesions of the DA system increase ______, while amphetamine decreases it
taste reactivity
a toxin that selectively destroys DA cells
6-OH-toxin
DA lesions cause low responding on ______ _____ schedules, suggesting their involvement in ______ value but not _______
complex reinforcement, incentive, hedonic
In a ________ state, drug paired _____ exert a much more powerful influence over behaviour, resulting in increased ______ and _____
hyperdopaminergic, cues, willlingness to work for reward, willingness to work for cues
When repeated administration of addictive drugs increases the locomotor response to acute drugs
locomotor sensitization
Repeated injections of ______ results in locomotor sensitization, which is associated with increased levels of DA in the _____, increased responding for ______
cocaine, accumbens, conditioned reinforcers
the idea that cues associated with drug taking eventually take over behaviour of the person using drugs
incentive sensitization hypothesis
According to the incentive sensitization hypothesis, initial drug take is mediated by the _____ effect of the drug,. But as tolerance develops to the _____ effects, the effect of the cues associated with it become _______. The associative learning between the effects of the drug and cues become amplified by the ______ state
pleasurable, hedonic, sensitized, hyperdopaminergic
5 aspects of addiction models
- Self / experimenter administration, 2. schedules of reinforcement, 3. choice between another reinforcer, 4. different environments for different drugs, 5. action needed to obtain drug
lifetime prevalence for substance use disorder
15%
of those who experiment with addictive drugs, ______% will develop a substance use disorder
17.5-22
Involves an injection of a drug or saline in two distinct contexts, and test which environment the rat prefers in the absence of drug
conditioned place preference
