Final Flashcards
___cant passs between glands but ____ can
Bacteria, antibiotics
Subclinical mastitis
Appearance is normal but milk contains high inflammatory cells
Often long term
Clinical mastitis
Visual abnormalities of milk
E. coli
Gram neg
Klebsiella
Gram neg
S aureus
Gram positive
S agalactiae
Gram positive, mostly eradicated
Mycoplasma
No cell Wall
Gram positive meaning
Has LTA, not as big as immune response
Gram negative meaning
Has LPS= endotoxin
Staph Aeros can evade immune diffense
Str. Agalactie
Only lives in udders, more cow-cow contagious
Primary environmental
E. coli and klebsiella
Mycoplasma loves the ___ &____
Udder and resp tract
Resident macrophages recruite _____ via cytokines
Neutrophils
Clinical mastitis appearnce
Water chunky wrong color
Options for detecting bacteria in milk?
Culture, dna based like PCR, microbiome analysis, or dna fignerprint
What would mean contamination on plates?
3 or more colonies
Would you treat gram pos
Yes w narrow spectrum
would you treat a chronic staph Aeros
No dont waste anymore antibiotics
Would you treat gram neg?
No, has high spontaneous cure rate
Can you id staph aureus just of plates?
No neeed catalase positive and hemolytic testss
Phases of parturition
1: not visible external, uterin contractions
2: rupture of membrane, pushing
3: placenta expulsion
Dystocia
Inability to expel a fetus from the uterus through the birth canal
Maternal causes of dystocia
Uterine inertia
-can be primary(mom) or secondary (fetus)
Complete primary inertia maternal dystocia
Uterine fatigue, dx based on prolonged gestion, lack of progress, less than 100 temp, toxemia
Partial primary inertia
Prolonged interval between neonates, weak abdominal contraction
Could be uterine torsion
Fetal cause of dystocia
Malposition
Fetal viability can be seen on radiographs by looking a t
Intrafetal gas, fetal posture, overlapping skull bones, spinal collapse
Us fetal hr normal dog
180-245
Below 150 = stress
Medial management of dystocia
Based on radiographs, use oxytocin BUT high doses could cause stillborn
Emergency indications for surgery C-section
Us hr of 180 or below, obstructure dystocia, failed medical management, lock-in discharge more than 4 hrs
Breeds at increased risk of dystocia
Brachycephalic, toy, giant,
Purebred cats like Siamese, Persian, Devon Rex
Causes of fetal depression
Hypoxemia or drugs from dam
Post op pain meds for c section dogs
Tylenol, bup cats
NSAID not good milk nephorptoxic
C section complications
Continued hemorrhage or lock-in for 6 weeks post,
Fever 5 days, metritis
Bacteriology samples
Placenta, lungs, stomach, liver, spleen, kidney, intestines
Virology dx samples
Placenta, lungs, brain, liver, spleen, thymus, intestines
Dx samples for nutrition
Liver thyroid
Samples for histopath
Placenta, lungs, liver, spleen, thymus, brain, kidneys, intestines
Brucellosis likes ____ and ___
Bone and repro
Abortion and discopondylytis
What can you do during winter to prevent submissions from freezing
Add 10% ethanol
Minimum ruminant work up
PCR for brucellosis, coxiella,
Histopath- placenta, lung, tongue, kidney, liver
Virology- pcr on lungs, thymus, spleen,
Bacteriology- lung stomach content for campylobacter, placenta chlamydia
Protozoa- placenta, brain toxoplasma, neopsorosis
Nutrition- liver vit e vit a, thyroid gland iodine
Dam serume and or fetal serum thoracic fluid
C burnetii/ Q fever
In cattle smalll ruminants, birds and ticks are reservoirs, clinical signs- abortions stillbirths retained placenta endometriosis infertility
Campylobacter
Fecal oral route infect
Listeriosis
Last trimester, autolysis, adults sick like depression retained placenta fever purulent exudate
Fetus- fibrin, serostitis, hepatic necrosis, abomasum necrosis, placenta has cotlydenin necrosis
Dx w. Culture
Chlamydia
Sheep, cattle difference tpresentaiton
Lepto
Many species, late term abortions, some maternal signs- icterus anemia hemogloinuria agalacgia fever
Lesion- expelled fresh, hisoltoigally has interstitial nephritis, pneumonia, placenta so
Dx- hard to find
Viruses SR abortions
Cache valley, blue tongue, border disease, aka bane
Still bornes and neonates w deformities
Dx by serology or pcr
Border disease
Pestivirus, “hairy shaker”, anytime in gestion or post,
Weak lambs kids,
PCR
Blue tongue virus
Arthropod borne, 1st exposure high risk, 75-100d stillborn or weak lambs,
Serology
Schmalen Berg virus
New virus only in Europe currently
Cattle and sheep
Toxoplasmosis
Mummification or aborsption in 1st half, later abortion stillbirth weakness
Dam rarely sick
Necrosis lesion
Dx w serology on fetal fluids, orPCR
SR nutritional causes of abortion
Vit e def, vit a, caloric malnutrition
Teratogen SR
Cause cyclops, veratrum californium
Best serology strategy for cattle abortion
Paired serume from aborted cows 4w apart, comparison of titers between aborted and non aborted cows, or serology of fetal fluids
Ferguson reflex?
Stretching of cervix stimulates oxytocin which stimulates contractions
3 p of parturition
Presentation, position, posture
