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Repro 2 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

___cant passs between glands but ____ can

A

Bacteria, antibiotics

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2
Q

Subclinical mastitis

A

Appearance is normal but milk contains high inflammatory cells
Often long term

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3
Q

Clinical mastitis

A

Visual abnormalities of milk

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4
Q

E. coli

A

Gram neg

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5
Q

Klebsiella

A

Gram neg

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6
Q

S aureus

A

Gram positive

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7
Q

S agalactiae

A

Gram positive, mostly eradicated

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8
Q

Mycoplasma

A

No cell Wall

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9
Q

Gram positive meaning

A

Has LTA, not as big as immune response

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10
Q

Gram negative meaning

A

Has LPS= endotoxin

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11
Q

Staph Aeros can evade immune diffense

A
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12
Q

Str. Agalactie

A

Only lives in udders, more cow-cow contagious

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13
Q

Primary environmental

A

E. coli and klebsiella

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14
Q

Mycoplasma loves the ___ &____

A

Udder and resp tract

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15
Q

Resident macrophages recruite _____ via cytokines

A

Neutrophils

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16
Q

Clinical mastitis appearnce

A

Water chunky wrong color

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17
Q

Options for detecting bacteria in milk?

A

Culture, dna based like PCR, microbiome analysis, or dna fignerprint

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18
Q

What would mean contamination on plates?

A

3 or more colonies

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19
Q

Would you treat gram pos

A

Yes w narrow spectrum

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20
Q

would you treat a chronic staph Aeros

A

No dont waste anymore antibiotics

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21
Q

Would you treat gram neg?

A

No, has high spontaneous cure rate

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22
Q

Can you id staph aureus just of plates?

A

No neeed catalase positive and hemolytic testss

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23
Q

Phases of parturition

A

1: not visible external, uterin contractions
2: rupture of membrane, pushing
3: placenta expulsion

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24
Q

Dystocia

A

Inability to expel a fetus from the uterus through the birth canal

25
Q

Maternal causes of dystocia

A

Uterine inertia
-can be primary(mom) or secondary (fetus)

26
Q

Complete primary inertia maternal dystocia

A

Uterine fatigue, dx based on prolonged gestion, lack of progress, less than 100 temp, toxemia

27
Q

Partial primary inertia

A

Prolonged interval between neonates, weak abdominal contraction
Could be uterine torsion

28
Q

Fetal cause of dystocia

A

Malposition

29
Q

Fetal viability can be seen on radiographs by looking a t

A

Intrafetal gas, fetal posture, overlapping skull bones, spinal collapse

30
Q

Us fetal hr normal dog

A

180-245
Below 150 = stress

31
Q

Medial management of dystocia

A

Based on radiographs, use oxytocin BUT high doses could cause stillborn

32
Q

Emergency indications for surgery C-section

A

Us hr of 180 or below, obstructure dystocia, failed medical management, lock-in discharge more than 4 hrs

33
Q

Breeds at increased risk of dystocia

A

Brachycephalic, toy, giant,
Purebred cats like Siamese, Persian, Devon Rex

34
Q

Causes of fetal depression

A

Hypoxemia or drugs from dam

35
Q

Post op pain meds for c section dogs

A

Tylenol, bup cats
NSAID not good milk nephorptoxic

36
Q

C section complications

A

Continued hemorrhage or lock-in for 6 weeks post,
Fever 5 days, metritis

37
Q

Bacteriology samples

A

Placenta, lungs, stomach, liver, spleen, kidney, intestines

38
Q

Virology dx samples

A

Placenta, lungs, brain, liver, spleen, thymus, intestines

39
Q

Dx samples for nutrition

A

Liver thyroid

40
Q

Samples for histopath

A

Placenta, lungs, liver, spleen, thymus, brain, kidneys, intestines

41
Q

Brucellosis likes ____ and ___

A

Bone and repro
Abortion and discopondylytis

42
Q

What can you do during winter to prevent submissions from freezing

A

Add 10% ethanol

43
Q

Minimum ruminant work up

A

PCR for brucellosis, coxiella,
Histopath- placenta, lung, tongue, kidney, liver
Virology- pcr on lungs, thymus, spleen,
Bacteriology- lung stomach content for campylobacter, placenta chlamydia
Protozoa- placenta, brain toxoplasma, neopsorosis
Nutrition- liver vit e vit a, thyroid gland iodine
Dam serume and or fetal serum thoracic fluid

44
Q

C burnetii/ Q fever

A

In cattle smalll ruminants, birds and ticks are reservoirs, clinical signs- abortions stillbirths retained placenta endometriosis infertility

45
Q

Campylobacter

A

Fecal oral route infect

46
Q

Listeriosis

A

Last trimester, autolysis, adults sick like depression retained placenta fever purulent exudate
Fetus- fibrin, serostitis, hepatic necrosis, abomasum necrosis, placenta has cotlydenin necrosis
Dx w. Culture

47
Q

Chlamydia

A

Sheep, cattle difference tpresentaiton

48
Q

Lepto

A

Many species, late term abortions, some maternal signs- icterus anemia hemogloinuria agalacgia fever
Lesion- expelled fresh, hisoltoigally has interstitial nephritis, pneumonia, placenta so
Dx- hard to find

49
Q

Viruses SR abortions

A

Cache valley, blue tongue, border disease, aka bane
Still bornes and neonates w deformities
Dx by serology or pcr

50
Q

Border disease

A

Pestivirus, “hairy shaker”, anytime in gestion or post,
Weak lambs kids,
PCR

51
Q

Blue tongue virus

A

Arthropod borne, 1st exposure high risk, 75-100d stillborn or weak lambs,
Serology

52
Q

Schmalen Berg virus

A

New virus only in Europe currently
Cattle and sheep

53
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

Mummification or aborsption in 1st half, later abortion stillbirth weakness
Dam rarely sick
Necrosis lesion
Dx w serology on fetal fluids, orPCR

54
Q

SR nutritional causes of abortion

A

Vit e def, vit a, caloric malnutrition

55
Q

Teratogen SR

A

Cause cyclops, veratrum californium

56
Q

Best serology strategy for cattle abortion

A

Paired serume from aborted cows 4w apart, comparison of titers between aborted and non aborted cows, or serology of fetal fluids

57
Q

Ferguson reflex?

A

Stretching of cervix stimulates oxytocin which stimulates contractions

58
Q

3 p of parturition

A

Presentation, position, posture

Repro 2 (2 decks)

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