FINAL Flashcards
What city is known as the “new rome”
Constantinople
If you call something Byzantine it implies that it’s…
Old, outdated, overly complex
what is the wall that secured Constantinople and how long did it hold up
Theodosian walls; over 1000 years
Who finally briefs the Theodosian walls
Ottoman Turks
What date do the ottoman Turks brief the Theodosian walls
May 29 1453
Who was one of the most important Byzantine emperors
Emperor Justinian
What is a pendentive
A dome surmounting a dome
Why is light important to Christian buildings
Reminds us of heavenly things and that Jesus is our light
define Theotokos
Virgin enthroned; “the living throne of Christ”; Mary
Define Pantocrater
“Ruler of all”; Christ; our final judge
How can you tell it’s Byzantine
Halo, gold background, bad proportions cuz it’s more about the story
What’s the problem with icons in Byzantine
Become too much of an idol—don’t worship idols
Define iconoclasm
People trying to wipe out all of the icons
Byzantine is all about ____
Symbolism
All mosques face where
Mecca (Saudi Arabia)
Who was Mohammed
an Islamic prophet
In Islam what are the three sacred sites
Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem
What scripture do Islam people study
The Koran
What are you not supposed to represent in Islamic art
Humans, animals, deity
Name two things that are very important in Islamic art
Calligraphy and design
What culture was leading the world in math, astronomy, science, music, medicine, literature, etc…
Islam
All Islam men take the pilgrimage to…
Hajj
Why is the Dome of the Rock contested over
Where Mohammed ascended into heaven and abraham (almost) sacrificed Isaac and cite of the temple
Name the three types of mosques
Hypostyle, Iwan, and Central plan
Quibla
The wall that faces Mecca
Mihrab
Center of the Quibla-the focal point for prayers and other dignitaries
Maqsura
Enclosure anterior to the Mihrab for the ruler and other dignitaries
Minbar
Pulpit/throne for prayer leader
Minarets
Towers from which the faithful are called to prayer
What is the arch that’s an Islamic invention
Horseshoe
Complicated honeycomb pattern arch; the dome of the two sisters
Muqarnas
Who was Mimar Sinan
A Christian who converts to Islam; most important architect
Purpose of Taj Mahal
Built as mausoleum
This type of art loves organic form and organic patterning
Medieval
Boy is representative of who
Matthew
Ox represents who
Luke
Eagle represents who
John
Lion represents who
Mark
Who was king of the Franks and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
Charlemagne
Charlemagne was profoundly interested in the
Roman empire
Who built the church of st Michael cathedral
Bishop Bernard
The bronze doors compare stories from
The old and New Testament
What’s important about the year 1000 AD
They thought the world would end that year
What happened when the world didn’t end in 1000 AD
People started building again and there was a renewal of architecture and art
Churches, crusades, castles, and pilgrimage are all important to
Romanesque art and architecture
What happens during the fourth crusade
They go to take Jerusalem and end up destroying Constantinople instead
Why do people pilgrimage
They are worried about their souls being saved
Name top three important pilgrimage sites
Jerusalem, Rome, Santiago de Compostela
What is a relic and why are they important
Hold the remains of things and get people closer to the divine
Wide open space that houses pilgrims—second floor above the aisles
Tribune
Purpose of ambulatory
Pilgrims can move around without getting in front of the altar
X indicate the location of a groin vault
Sexpartite vault
Main sculpture scene
Tympanum
Bands of design radiating from tympanum
Archivolts
Columns and figures leading up to the doorway
Jamb figure
This guy wanted to be remembered as prince among scribes
Eadwine
Who created the Bayeux tapestry
Women
T/F gothic is about things that are dark
False it’s actually all about light
What is at the center of the Hereford map
Jerusalem
Rise of scholasticism happens during the ____ age
Gothic
Bubonic plague happens during _____ age
Gothic
What happens with religion and the way people perceive Jesus during gothic
Softening of beliefs…a kinder Jesus
Cathedrals are built so tall for what purpose
To lead your eyes upward towards heaven
Opus Francifenum
Literally means French work
Opus modernum
(Modern work) — you build in whatever style is modern at the time
Lux Nova
Light — allowing in new light into the interior
What are the things called that support the buildings on the outside of building
Flying buttresses
Gothic tracery
Framing; framing of windows
The main front of the cathedral
Westwerk
Who does the rose window symbolize
Mary
What’s significant about the Chartres cathedral
Two different gothic towers because one burnt down and they believe in building in most modern style
What place is the culmination of gothic architecture
Sainte chapelle
What changes from gothic to English
English uses the perpendicular style—sharp 90 degree angles
A covering of a surface with tiles
Tessellation
What makes the Bayeux tapestry ROMANesque
It depicts an event in narrative form shortly after it happened
