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FINAL Flashcards

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1
Q

What city is known as the “new rome”

A

Constantinople

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2
Q

If you call something Byzantine it implies that it’s…

A

Old, outdated, overly complex

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3
Q

what is the wall that secured Constantinople and how long did it hold up

A

Theodosian walls; over 1000 years

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4
Q

Who finally briefs the Theodosian walls

A

Ottoman Turks

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5
Q

What date do the ottoman Turks brief the Theodosian walls

A

May 29 1453

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6
Q

Who was one of the most important Byzantine emperors

A

Emperor Justinian

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7
Q

What is a pendentive

A

A dome surmounting a dome

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8
Q

Why is light important to Christian buildings

A

Reminds us of heavenly things and that Jesus is our light

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9
Q

define Theotokos

A

Virgin enthroned; “the living throne of Christ”; Mary

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10
Q

Define Pantocrater

A

“Ruler of all”; Christ; our final judge

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11
Q

How can you tell it’s Byzantine

A

Halo, gold background, bad proportions cuz it’s more about the story

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12
Q

What’s the problem with icons in Byzantine

A

Become too much of an idol—don’t worship idols

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13
Q

Define iconoclasm

A

People trying to wipe out all of the icons

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14
Q

Byzantine is all about ____

A

Symbolism

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15
Q

All mosques face where

A

Mecca (Saudi Arabia)

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16
Q

Who was Mohammed

A

an Islamic prophet

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17
Q

In Islam what are the three sacred sites

A

Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem

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18
Q

What scripture do Islam people study

A

The Koran

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19
Q

What are you not supposed to represent in Islamic art

A

Humans, animals, deity

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20
Q

Name two things that are very important in Islamic art

A

Calligraphy and design

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21
Q

What culture was leading the world in math, astronomy, science, music, medicine, literature, etc…

A

Islam

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22
Q

All Islam men take the pilgrimage to…

A

Hajj

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23
Q

Why is the Dome of the Rock contested over

A

Where Mohammed ascended into heaven and abraham (almost) sacrificed Isaac and cite of the temple

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24
Q

Name the three types of mosques

A

Hypostyle, Iwan, and Central plan

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25
Q

Quibla

A

The wall that faces Mecca

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26
Q

Mihrab

A

Center of the Quibla-the focal point for prayers and other dignitaries

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27
Q

Maqsura

A

Enclosure anterior to the Mihrab for the ruler and other dignitaries

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28
Q

Minbar

A

Pulpit/throne for prayer leader

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29
Q

Minarets

A

Towers from which the faithful are called to prayer

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30
Q

What is the arch that’s an Islamic invention

A

Horseshoe

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31
Q

Complicated honeycomb pattern arch; the dome of the two sisters

A

Muqarnas

32
Q

Who was Mimar Sinan

A

A Christian who converts to Islam; most important architect

33
Q

Purpose of Taj Mahal

A

Built as mausoleum

34
Q

This type of art loves organic form and organic patterning

A

Medieval

35
Q

Boy is representative of who

A

Matthew

36
Q

Ox represents who

A

Luke

37
Q

Eagle represents who

A

John

38
Q

Lion represents who

A

Mark

39
Q

Who was king of the Franks and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire

A

Charlemagne

40
Q

Charlemagne was profoundly interested in the

A

Roman empire

41
Q

Who built the church of st Michael cathedral

A

Bishop Bernard

42
Q

The bronze doors compare stories from

A

The old and New Testament

43
Q

What’s important about the year 1000 AD

A

They thought the world would end that year

44
Q

What happened when the world didn’t end in 1000 AD

A

People started building again and there was a renewal of architecture and art

45
Q

Churches, crusades, castles, and pilgrimage are all important to

A

Romanesque art and architecture

46
Q

What happens during the fourth crusade

A

They go to take Jerusalem and end up destroying Constantinople instead

47
Q

Why do people pilgrimage

A

They are worried about their souls being saved

48
Q

Name top three important pilgrimage sites

A

Jerusalem, Rome, Santiago de Compostela

49
Q

What is a relic and why are they important

A

Hold the remains of things and get people closer to the divine

50
Q

Wide open space that houses pilgrims—second floor above the aisles

A

Tribune

51
Q

Purpose of ambulatory

A

Pilgrims can move around without getting in front of the altar

52
Q

X indicate the location of a groin vault

A

Sexpartite vault

53
Q

Main sculpture scene

A

Tympanum

54
Q

Bands of design radiating from tympanum

A

Archivolts

55
Q

Columns and figures leading up to the doorway

A

Jamb figure

56
Q

This guy wanted to be remembered as prince among scribes

A

Eadwine

57
Q

Who created the Bayeux tapestry

A

Women

58
Q

T/F gothic is about things that are dark

A

False it’s actually all about light

59
Q

What is at the center of the Hereford map

A

Jerusalem

60
Q

Rise of scholasticism happens during the ____ age

A

Gothic

61
Q

Bubonic plague happens during _____ age

A

Gothic

62
Q

What happens with religion and the way people perceive Jesus during gothic

A

Softening of beliefs…a kinder Jesus

63
Q

Cathedrals are built so tall for what purpose

A

To lead your eyes upward towards heaven

64
Q

Opus Francifenum

A

Literally means French work

65
Q

Opus modernum

A

(Modern work) — you build in whatever style is modern at the time

66
Q

Lux Nova

A

Light — allowing in new light into the interior

67
Q

What are the things called that support the buildings on the outside of building

A

Flying buttresses

68
Q

Gothic tracery

A

Framing; framing of windows

69
Q

The main front of the cathedral

A

Westwerk

70
Q

Who does the rose window symbolize

A

Mary

71
Q

What’s significant about the Chartres cathedral

A

Two different gothic towers because one burnt down and they believe in building in most modern style

72
Q

What place is the culmination of gothic architecture

A

Sainte chapelle

73
Q

What changes from gothic to English

A

English uses the perpendicular style—sharp 90 degree angles

74
Q

A covering of a surface with tiles

A

Tessellation

75
Q

What makes the Bayeux tapestry ROMANesque

A

It depicts an event in narrative form shortly after it happened

Art History (3 decks)

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