Art History Midterm #2 Flashcards
In which ways is the sculpture and architecture of the Late Classical Period a break away from the Classical Greek Style?
Their sculpture moves away from perfection towards the ability to think and reason
Ruler that had his eyes facing heaven to show he was like God and was painted with a calm face in battle
Hint: majestic hair
Alexander the Great
In which ways is the sculpture and architecture of the Hellenistic Period a break away from the Classical Greek Style and Late Classical Style?
Becomes even more realistic and much more humanistic—shows humans and their raw emotions—shows ideal bodies—development of different textures like hair and wings
Plato and his cave teaches us the lesson of…
Ideal vs real
Who was Socrates
A Greek philosopher from Athens
Who were the Gauls
A group of Celtic people who had mustaches…the dying Gaul
Who was Philip II
King of Macedonia and father of Alexander the Great
The battle of _____ was between Alexander the Great and ____
Issus; Darius
Who was Ptolemy
A mathematician, astronomer, geographer…you get the point
Name the key parts of the Etruscan temple
Wooden columns, based on Doric columns, built on a podium, columns only on the front not all the way around, cella on back instead of central, sculpture on top of the roof
What are the basic elements of Etruscan Tomb decoration in fresco and relief
Colorful and picturing things of everyday life and needs for the afterlife//plentiful peaceful view of the afterlife
Importance of metal working in Etruscan culture
Wealthy in metal; extremely detailed (ex. Fibula); importance of pretty things
Etruria is the home of the ________
Etruscans
What is a necropolis
A large cemetery with tomb monuments
What are tumulus tombs
Raised mound of earth or stones over a grave
What was a Haruspex and what did they do
A religious officer who interpreted omens by inspecting the entrails of sacrificial animals
What is terracotta
Earthenware substance clay based material
Term for hammering into relief on reverse side
Repousse
Incorporation of tiny pieces of gold the size of sand
Granulation
Taking a tiny gold tube and incorporating
Filigree
What is divination in Etruscan times
Entrail observers who predict future and stuff
Tuscan Oder
Influenced by the Doric Order but with un-fluted columns and a simpler entablature with no triglyphs or guttae
When do the Romans conquer Veii
396 bc
Describe Roman art and it’s purposes and uses
Mastery of propaganda
Man can conquer nature
Innovation invention and engineering
Etruscan and greek influence
This is the place in the Roman Villa where wealthy Romans would deal with their business of clients
Atrium
This is the place in the typical Roman Villa that was a private room in a house
Cubiculum
This is the place in the typical Roman Villa where there was a continuous porch formed by a row of columns surrounding the perimeter of a building or a courtyard
Peristyle
This is the place in a typical Roman Villa that had three couches forming a lounge area used to socialize and show off
Triclinium
Message and aims of imperial art
Connection with Augustus art and its use as propaganda
Making Rome great and taking it into its golden age
Shows himself as a young and strong leader
Builds impressive things
What are the basic artistic and architectural elements of the Roman Coliseum and its message to the public
Used arches and a circular theater instead of semi circular//used for gladiators executions animal fights naval battles etc…used as entertainment purposes
What’s the meaning and use of triumphal arches and columns
Used to showcase the winning of battles and life achievements of emperors and used as a propaganda tool
Purposes of forum and basilica
Market place and center for social, political, and religious gatherings
How is the architecture of Hadrian the pinnacle of Roman architecture?
He focuses on building and he’s good at it//Pantheon is one of the best architectural achievements of Rome//goes above and beyond (ex. Moat around his bedroom)
How is Rome’s decline reflected in its art
The quality got poorer along with proportions because the time and money spent on it was less
What is the basic message of the art of the Tetrarchy?
The system matters more than the individual//it’s broken into senior and junior and led by four men
How is Constantine a throwback to the past emperors
He revives Rome and builds great things like the largest basilica
The capital of Italy
Rome
The legendary founder and first king of Rome
Romulus
Where the senate met and speeches were given
The roman forum and the sacred way
Fasces
Bundle of rods with projecting axe blade//symbol of the emperor and power to hold things together and the power to execute
Lictors
A civil servant who was an attendant and bodyguard to magistrate holding imperium—they held the fasces
rule of many
Republic
Patricians and plebeians…what class were they
Upper; lower
Small group of people having control over a country
Oligarchy
Clothing of drapery across chest
Toga
The title of one of the two chief magistrates
Consul
Group of three men holding power
Triumvirate
Battle of Actium
Between Octavian and Marc Antony/ Cleopatra
The latter lost and fled and committed suicide
verism
Warts and wrinkles and all reality—indicates age—shows wisdom, age, life experience, knowledge—viewed as a good thing
Semi circular bench
Exedra
Engaged columns
Column that is built into a wall—not free standing
What is concrete made of
An aggregate and hydraulic mortar—a binder mixed with water that hardens over time
Tiny tiles that make up a bigger picture
Mosaic
Sulla
Won the first Roman civil war—dictator
Person who played a large role in converting Rome from republic to empire
Pompey
A populares, dictator, emperor for life, name becomes the same with power
Julius Caesar
Lady who had kids with Marc Anthony and Julius Caesar
Cleopatra
Who was Octavian
Augustus (remember the hair cowlick) initiates golden age and expansion of Roman control
Pax Romana
About 200 years of Rome’s golden age
Pontifex Maximus
Most important position in Ancient Rome religion
Rule of one
Empire
Concrete structure carrying water to and from towns
An aqueduct
Chiefly of sardonyx, onyx, and glass paste, usually carved with portraits of mythological scenes and were often signed by the artist
Cameos
First five roman emperors from Augustus and ending with Nero
Julio-Claudian family
Man who builds large palace, pleasure pond, and huge nude statue of himself, and commits suicide
Nero
Titus
Father of Vespasian
A human raised to a god like stature
Apotheosis
Vesuvius
Volcano that destroyed Pompeii
Guy who built bridges and forums and basilica…second emperor next to Augustus
Trajan
Multi story buildings that are universal space used to conduct business or as law courts
Basilica
Oculus
Opening in the roof of the Pantheon
Caldarium
Hot
Tepidarium
Tepid/ lukewarm
Frigidarium
Cold
Roman emperor who was African
Septimus Severus
His brother killed him and damnatio memoriae him
Geta
Battle of Milvian bridge
Major battle in roman civil war
Basilica Nova
Huge basilica that Constantine built
What year does Rome come to an end
476
Name a way that early Christian’s adopted the symbols of roman might
Halo symbol once used for emperors now used for Christ and saints
What is Dura Europas
One of the best preserved roman cities in the world destroyed by ISIS
narthex
Entry
Nave
The main aisle
Aisles
Surrounding nave on both sides
Apse
The image of god or saint opposite of entry
Altar
In the intersection // where Christs heart would be
Transept
The side part that forms cross (arms)
When was the Edict of Milan
313 AD
When was Christianity proclaimed state religion of Roman Empire
380 AD
When were all Pagan cults declared unlawful and worship is prohibited
391 AD
Who killed his brother for power (one of the sons of Septimus Severus)
Caracalla
