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Art History > Art History Midterm #2 > Flashcards

Art History Midterm #2 Flashcards

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1
Q

In which ways is the sculpture and architecture of the Late Classical Period a break away from the Classical Greek Style?

A

Their sculpture moves away from perfection towards the ability to think and reason

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2
Q

Ruler that had his eyes facing heaven to show he was like God and was painted with a calm face in battle
Hint: majestic hair

A

Alexander the Great

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3
Q

In which ways is the sculpture and architecture of the Hellenistic Period a break away from the Classical Greek Style and Late Classical Style?

A

Becomes even more realistic and much more humanistic—shows humans and their raw emotions—shows ideal bodies—development of different textures like hair and wings

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4
Q

Plato and his cave teaches us the lesson of…

A

Ideal vs real

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5
Q

Who was Socrates

A

A Greek philosopher from Athens

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6
Q

Who were the Gauls

A

A group of Celtic people who had mustaches…the dying Gaul

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7
Q

Who was Philip II

A

King of Macedonia and father of Alexander the Great

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8
Q

The battle of _____ was between Alexander the Great and ____

A

Issus; Darius

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9
Q

Who was Ptolemy

A

A mathematician, astronomer, geographer…you get the point

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10
Q

Name the key parts of the Etruscan temple

A

Wooden columns, based on Doric columns, built on a podium, columns only on the front not all the way around, cella on back instead of central, sculpture on top of the roof

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11
Q

What are the basic elements of Etruscan Tomb decoration in fresco and relief

A

Colorful and picturing things of everyday life and needs for the afterlife//plentiful peaceful view of the afterlife

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12
Q

Importance of metal working in Etruscan culture

A

Wealthy in metal; extremely detailed (ex. Fibula); importance of pretty things

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13
Q

Etruria is the home of the ________

A

Etruscans

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14
Q

What is a necropolis

A

A large cemetery with tomb monuments

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15
Q

What are tumulus tombs

A

Raised mound of earth or stones over a grave

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16
Q

What was a Haruspex and what did they do

A

A religious officer who interpreted omens by inspecting the entrails of sacrificial animals

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17
Q

What is terracotta

A

Earthenware substance clay based material

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18
Q

Term for hammering into relief on reverse side

A

Repousse

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19
Q

Incorporation of tiny pieces of gold the size of sand

A

Granulation

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20
Q

Taking a tiny gold tube and incorporating

A

Filigree

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21
Q

What is divination in Etruscan times

A

Entrail observers who predict future and stuff

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22
Q

Tuscan Oder

A

Influenced by the Doric Order but with un-fluted columns and a simpler entablature with no triglyphs or guttae

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23
Q

When do the Romans conquer Veii

A

396 bc

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24
Q

Describe Roman art and it’s purposes and uses

A

Mastery of propaganda
Man can conquer nature
Innovation invention and engineering
Etruscan and greek influence

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25
Q

This is the place in the Roman Villa where wealthy Romans would deal with their business of clients

A

Atrium

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26
Q

This is the place in the typical Roman Villa that was a private room in a house

A

Cubiculum

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27
Q

This is the place in the typical Roman Villa where there was a continuous porch formed by a row of columns surrounding the perimeter of a building or a courtyard

A

Peristyle

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28
Q

This is the place in a typical Roman Villa that had three couches forming a lounge area used to socialize and show off

A

Triclinium

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29
Q

Message and aims of imperial art
Connection with Augustus art and its use as propaganda

A

Making Rome great and taking it into its golden age
Shows himself as a young and strong leader
Builds impressive things

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30
Q

What are the basic artistic and architectural elements of the Roman Coliseum and its message to the public

A

Used arches and a circular theater instead of semi circular//used for gladiators executions animal fights naval battles etc…used as entertainment purposes

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31
Q

What’s the meaning and use of triumphal arches and columns

A

Used to showcase the winning of battles and life achievements of emperors and used as a propaganda tool

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32
Q

Purposes of forum and basilica

A

Market place and center for social, political, and religious gatherings

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33
Q

How is the architecture of Hadrian the pinnacle of Roman architecture?

A

He focuses on building and he’s good at it//Pantheon is one of the best architectural achievements of Rome//goes above and beyond (ex. Moat around his bedroom)

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34
Q

How is Rome’s decline reflected in its art

A

The quality got poorer along with proportions because the time and money spent on it was less

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35
Q

What is the basic message of the art of the Tetrarchy?

A

The system matters more than the individual//it’s broken into senior and junior and led by four men

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36
Q

How is Constantine a throwback to the past emperors

A

He revives Rome and builds great things like the largest basilica

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37
Q

The capital of Italy

A

Rome

38
Q

The legendary founder and first king of Rome

A

Romulus

39
Q

Where the senate met and speeches were given

A

The roman forum and the sacred way

40
Q

Fasces

A

Bundle of rods with projecting axe blade//symbol of the emperor and power to hold things together and the power to execute

41
Q

Lictors

A

A civil servant who was an attendant and bodyguard to magistrate holding imperium—they held the fasces

42
Q

rule of many

A

Republic

43
Q

Patricians and plebeians…what class were they

A

Upper; lower

44
Q

Small group of people having control over a country

A

Oligarchy

45
Q

Clothing of drapery across chest

A

Toga

46
Q

The title of one of the two chief magistrates

A

Consul

47
Q

Group of three men holding power

A

Triumvirate

48
Q

Battle of Actium

A

Between Octavian and Marc Antony/ Cleopatra
The latter lost and fled and committed suicide

49
Q

verism

A

Warts and wrinkles and all reality—indicates age—shows wisdom, age, life experience, knowledge—viewed as a good thing

50
Q

Semi circular bench

A

Exedra

51
Q

Engaged columns

A

Column that is built into a wall—not free standing

52
Q

What is concrete made of

A

An aggregate and hydraulic mortar—a binder mixed with water that hardens over time

53
Q

Tiny tiles that make up a bigger picture

A

Mosaic

54
Q

Sulla

A

Won the first Roman civil war—dictator

55
Q

Person who played a large role in converting Rome from republic to empire

A

Pompey

56
Q

A populares, dictator, emperor for life, name becomes the same with power

A

Julius Caesar

57
Q

Lady who had kids with Marc Anthony and Julius Caesar

A

Cleopatra

58
Q

Who was Octavian

A

Augustus (remember the hair cowlick) initiates golden age and expansion of Roman control

59
Q

Pax Romana

A

About 200 years of Rome’s golden age

60
Q

Pontifex Maximus

A

Most important position in Ancient Rome religion

61
Q

Rule of one

A

Empire

62
Q

Concrete structure carrying water to and from towns

A

An aqueduct

63
Q

Chiefly of sardonyx, onyx, and glass paste, usually carved with portraits of mythological scenes and were often signed by the artist

A

Cameos

64
Q

First five roman emperors from Augustus and ending with Nero

A

Julio-Claudian family

65
Q

Man who builds large palace, pleasure pond, and huge nude statue of himself, and commits suicide

A

Nero

66
Q

Titus

A

Father of Vespasian

67
Q

A human raised to a god like stature

A

Apotheosis

68
Q

Vesuvius

A

Volcano that destroyed Pompeii

69
Q

Guy who built bridges and forums and basilica…second emperor next to Augustus

A

Trajan

70
Q

Multi story buildings that are universal space used to conduct business or as law courts

A

Basilica

71
Q

Oculus

A

Opening in the roof of the Pantheon

72
Q

Caldarium

A

Hot

73
Q

Tepidarium

A

Tepid/ lukewarm

74
Q

Frigidarium

A

Cold

75
Q

Roman emperor who was African

A

Septimus Severus

76
Q

His brother killed him and damnatio memoriae him

A

Geta

77
Q

Battle of Milvian bridge

A

Major battle in roman civil war

78
Q

Basilica Nova

A

Huge basilica that Constantine built

79
Q

What year does Rome come to an end

A

476

80
Q

Name a way that early Christian’s adopted the symbols of roman might

A

Halo symbol once used for emperors now used for Christ and saints

81
Q

What is Dura Europas

A

One of the best preserved roman cities in the world destroyed by ISIS

82
Q

narthex

A

Entry

83
Q

Nave

A

The main aisle

84
Q

Aisles

A

Surrounding nave on both sides

85
Q

Apse

A

The image of god or saint opposite of entry

86
Q

Altar

A

In the intersection // where Christs heart would be

87
Q

Transept

A

The side part that forms cross (arms)

88
Q

When was the Edict of Milan

A

313 AD

89
Q

When was Christianity proclaimed state religion of Roman Empire

A

380 AD

90
Q

When were all Pagan cults declared unlawful and worship is prohibited

A

391 AD

91
Q

Who killed his brother for power (one of the sons of Septimus Severus)

A

Caracalla

Art History (3 decks)

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