Final Flashcards
What are the differences between flagella and cilia
Flagella are singular, long, whip-like organelles that propel organisms forward with a whip-like motion while cilica are more numerous, shorter, and more hair-like and propel organisms with coordinated waves of motion
What are the three domains of prokaryotes and what are eukaryotes
Archaea, bacteria, and eukarya; organisms with no nucleus or membrane-bound structures
What are the types of prokaryotes talked about in class
Emoebozoa, Virdiplantae, euglenozoa, volvox, apicomplexa, ciliophora, paramecium, vorticella,
What is binary fission
asexual reproduction by splitting in half at the midsection
What is conjugation
Sexual reproduction by splitting in half long ways
What are the main characteristics of sponges
simplest metazoan, no tissue organization, no organ systems or digestive tract, and has a pore and canal system
What is an osculum
openning of spongocoel to outside
What are the main characteristics of Cnidaria
radially or biradially symmetrical, two germ layers (ectoderm and endoderm), internal space for digestion (gastrovascualr cavity), and have cnidocytes (stinging organelles)
What are the two main types of body forms of Cnidaria and what are their uses
polyp (hydroid, often sessile) gives rise asexually to medusa (jellyfish, free swimming) which reproduce sexually. Both are diploid
What are the advantages of a coelom
Room for organ development and storage, allows for some freedom of movement within the body, allows for hydrostatic skeleton for those organisms lacking a true skeleton
What are the main characteristics for Platyhelminthes
Bilateral symmetry, three germ layers, acoelomates (no cavity in the mesoderm), and asexual reproduction
What are the main characteristics of Mollusca
True coelom, muscular foot, open circulatory system, mantle: fold in dorsal wall with gills, and radula: scrappy tongue for food
What are the main characteristics fo annelida
segmentation: can give rise to specialization, metamerism: repition of body parts internal and external, division of coelomic cavity to increase hydrostatic pressure, complete development of digestive tract and closed circulatory system with pumping walls
What are the main characteristics of Echinoderms
Anus developing from blastopore, mesoderm development, water-vascular system that powers tube feet for locomotion and food gathering, no segmentation, primitive nervous system and sense organs making slow movement
What are the main characteristics of chordata
Notochord: considered early endoskeleton, pharyngeal pouches and slits move water to gills, dorsal tubular nerve chord: forms nervouse system, thyroid gland, and postnatal tail
What are the main characteristics of amphibians
transition between aquatic and strictly land vertebrates, moist epidermis, eggs lack protective shell, skin helps respiratory function, ectotherms: dependent on external sources of body heat and three chambered heart
What is protraction
pulling a limb forward
what is retraction
Pulling limb back
What is adduction
pulling limb toward mid-line
What is abduction
Pulling away from the body
What are the main characteristics of mammals
endothermic, homeothermic: body temp dependent on environment, give live birth,
What are the main characteristics of lamprey
most are parasitic, larval form for 3-5 years, lack scales, two chambered heart, three part brain, pronephric kidney, and thryoid and pituitary glands
What happens when lamprey transition from larva to adult
body becomes rounder and shorter, pharynx becomes divided longitudionally, eyes enlarge, nostrils move to the top of the head
