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Western Exam > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What starts the heartbeat?

A

The sinus nodes, which makes the AV nodes work

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2
Q

What does the Atrioventricular do?

A

Squeezes the ventricles

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3
Q

What do the heart valves do?

A

Open and close for the blood to move

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4
Q

How many valves are in the heart and what are they?

A

4 valves, 2 AV valves and 2 SL (semilunar)

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5
Q

What do valves do?

A

They prevent. the backward. flow of blood

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6
Q

What is the Atrioventricular?

A

sends blood between the atrium and the ventricle, including the tricuspid and the mitral valve

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7
Q

What is the semilunar?

A

Looks like a 1/2 moon, and sends blood out of the heart, including the Pulmonic valve, Aortic valve

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8
Q

What is the order of the blood flow?

A
  1. Blood comes to the heart needing oxygen - enters through the vena cava or the inferior vena cava
  2. The pulmonary artery. sending blood to the lungs for oxygen
  3. Lungs. oxygenate the blood and send it back to the heart via the pulmonary vein
  4. The blood leaves the heart via the aorta
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9
Q

What is the systole heartbeat?

A

S1 or the Lubis, the sound of the closing of the atrioventricular valves

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10
Q

What is the Diastole?

A

S2 or the Dub, it is the semilunar valve closing

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11
Q

What is the S3 sound?

A

The pause, in children or pathology it can be heard as a gallop; it is the absence of sound when the mitral valve opens; this begins the heartbeat process

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12
Q

what is the S4 sound?

A

Pathological, it. is the sound immediately after S1, sounds like a hiccup

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13
Q

What is the Systole number in BP?

A

High number is when the pressure is the hardest or highest on the blood vessels, and the blood is leaving the heart.

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14
Q

What is the Diastole number in BP?

A

Lower number when the pressure is the lowest or softest on the blood vessels; the blood goes back to the heart

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15
Q

What is RRR?

A

Regular. rate. and rythem

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16
Q

What does OPQRST stand for?

A

O = onset
P= pain type
Q= quality
R= radiation
S=. severity.
T = timing

17
Q

What is PMI? where is it located

A

Point of maximal impulse, found in 5th intercostal rib

18
Q

What is a heart murmur?

A

Abnormal blood from turbulent blood flow, can cause an extra sound

19
Q

What is carotid bruits, and how is it heard?

A

It is a murmur in the carotid artery due to plaque build. up, heard when listening to Systole beat on the carotid artery, makes a distinct whooshing sound

20
Q

Where is aortic valve?

A

Found in 2nd intercostal space, right side of sternum

21
Q

Where is the pulmonary valve?

A

2nd intercostal space, left side of sternum

22
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve?

A

4th intercostal space left of sternum

23
Q

where is Erb’s point?

A

3rd intercostal space left side of the sternum

24
Q

Where is the Mitral valve?

A

5th intercostal space, at midclavicular line, usually also the PMI

25
Q

What is the pattern of heart sounds?

A
  1. S1- the sounds of AV closing, systole
  2. Mitral valve closes
  3. S2 sound. of semilunar valve closing, disatole
  4. Aortic valves closing
26
Q

What the at Peripheral Pulses?

A

Radial pulse - Lu 9
Brachial pulse - around PC3, inner elbow crease
Femoral pulse - at leg crease, Sp 12
Carotid pulse - on neck St-9
Dorsaalis Pedis pulse - on the crest of the foot between 1st and 2nd metatarsal, around ST 42
Posterior Tibial pulse - behind the medial malleolus, anterior to KD 3

27
Q

How to test for Peripheral edema?

A

Pressing thumbs firmly onanterior tibia for 5 seconds, there are four levels of edema
Grade 1 = 0-2 mm, refund immediately
Grade 2= 3-4mm, repounds <15sec
Grade 3= 5-6mm, up to 30 sec rebound
Grade 4= 8mm, >20 seconds to rebound

28
Q

What are the two EKG tests?

A

Standard EKG - measure cardiac activity
Stress EKG - measures cardiac activity while moving or ‘stressing the body’

29
Q

What is the electrocardiogram?

A

Interpretation of the waves and intervals measured
Irregular spacing will show if there is an arrhythmia

30
Q

What is the best cardiac marker?

A

Cardiac Troponins- is the protein found in the muscles of the heart; usually, their levels are undetectable unless there is injury or danger to the heart.

31
Q

What is cardiac ischemia?

A

Blood flow being greatly decreased

32
Q

What is cardiac infraction?

A

Bloodflowcompletly blocked

33
Q

What is creatinine kinase-MB(CK-MB)

A

Previous a test used to detect cardiac events,had many false positives

34
Q

what is myoglobin?

A

Protein test in skeletal and cardiac muscle, not so accurate or. used

35
Q

What is in a lipid panel?

A

Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, Ratios, reflexes, Lipoproteins, Triglycirdies

36
Q

What are Heart Red flags?

A
  1. Arrhythmia
  2. Chest pain
  3. Shortness of breathe
  4. Cardiovascular disease

Western Exam (4 decks)

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