Final Flashcards
What kind of immunity is inflammation, pH, and protein secretions?
Innate Immunity
What type of immunity uses macrophages?
Innate immunity
What do macrophages do?
Recognize antigens, engulf them, break them down, deliver them to helper T cells for cytokine release
What kind of cells attach to antigens and release cytokines to generate a B cell response?
Helper T cells
What kind of cells attach to antigens and destroy them
Cytotoxic T cells
What type of immunity uses immune system cells circulating from previous exposure?
Adaptive immunity
What type of cells mature to antibody producing cells and memory cells?
B cells (humoral immunity)
What type of vaccine must replicate to work?
Live attenuated
What type of vaccines do not replicate and may contain adjuvants to enhance the immune response?
Inactivated vaccines
What type of immunity do polysaccharide vaccines stimulate?
T-cell independent immunity
Short lived and have no booster effect
What type of immunity do conjugate polysaccharide vaccines stimulate?
T cell dependent immunity where helper t cells are involved to produce a memory
What are adjuvants?
Ingredients added to vaccine that help create a stronger immune response to antigen
What is the minimum interval between two live vaccines?
28 days
What happens if the interval between vaccine doses in a series is decreased?
Decreasing the interval between doses may interfere with antibody response and protection
What is the universal contraindication for all vaccines?
Severe allergy to a vaccine component following a previous dose
Can you give multiple vaccines in one day?
Data shows this does not cause any adverse effects but delaying doses will increase risk of infection and outbreajs
When should a Tdap be given in pregnancy?
After 20 weeks gestation
What type of vaccines pose an increased risk for an adverse effect due to uninhibited replication for altered immunocompetence?
Live vaccines
What is the concern for those who are immunocompromised that receive inactivated vaccines?
Decreased effectiveness
What is a grace period?
Minimum interval on catch up schedule most is 28 days
What is the ACIP grace period?
4 days
Same antigen live vaccines
What influenza vaccine is given to those above 65 years of age?
aIIV4 and IIV4-HD
How many doses of the flu vaccine do children 6 months to 8 years of age recieve
2
one as soon as possible and the second before october ends and more than 4 weeks after the first
Who should receive the PPSV23?
Those over 65
19-64 who smoke, have asthma, diabetes
2 years and older with chronic illness
How many doses of PPSV23 should a patient younger than 65 with immunosuppression or asplenia receive?
2 doses 5 years apart
How many doses of PPSV23 should patient under 65 with a cochlear implant or CSF leaks receive?
1 dose
If a child that has immunosuppression, CSF leaks, Asplenia, or cochlear implants and is between 6 weeks and 5 years old, which pneumonia vaccine should they recieve?
PCV13
If a patient is over 65 years old and is immunocompetent, what pneumonia vaccine should they receive?
PCV13
How many doses of PCV13 should be given?
1 dose
What kind of vaccine is the varicella vaccine and who should get it?
Live attenuated virus vaccine
2 doses to children at least 4 weeks apart (12 months and 4-6 years old)
What kind of vaccine is Shingrix?
Recombinant, adjuvanted zoster vaccine
Who should get the zoster vaccine?
adults over 50 years old and adults 18 years and older who have immunosuppression or immunodeficiency
2 doses (month 0 and 2)
TF: Dtap has more diptheria than Tdap?
True
Who should be routinely vaccinated for Hep A?
All persons aged 1 year or older experiencing homelessness
How long can Hep B last on surfaces?
7 days
Who should get the hep B vaccine?
All infants
All adolescents who have not been previously vaccinated
All adults 18-59
All high risk adults
How many doses of Recombivax HB are given to infants and adolescents and adults?
3 does
How many doses of HEPLISAV B (dynavax) are given to adults for HEP B?
2 doses one month apart
What is the most common Std?
HPV
How many doses are given for the 9vHPV vaccine?
3 or 2 doses
How many doses are given to 15-26 year olds of the 9vHPV vaccine?
3 doses
How many doses are reccomended for the MCV4 for meningitis?
2 doses
One at 11-12
One booster at 16
What kind of vaccine is the MMR Vaccine?
Live vaccine
When should adults be given the MMR?
If they were born before 1957
How many doses should children get for the MMR?
2 doses
What disease does the IPOL vaccine cover?
Poliomyelitis
What kind of vaccine is the rotavirus vaccine?
Live attenuated (oral)
What do all pharmacists provide?
Pharmaceutical care
What is pharmaceutical care?
The direct, responsible provision of medication related care for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient’s quality of life
What kind of setting is ambulatory care?
Hospital and community based settings
What do association management pharmacists do?
offer services to members and the public
What kind of pharmacist is the most easily accessible health care provider?
Community pharmacists
TF: Clinical specialists may require additional training?
TRUE
Where do pharmacists work that provide health care services and information to undeserved populations?
Community health centers
Who may home health care pharmacists partner with?
hospice, visiting nurse teams, and social services team members
What kind of pharmacy has the highest quality drug therapy management for the best price?
Managed care pharmacy
What pharmacist prepares radioactive materials and requires additional training?
Nuclear pharmacists
What is the goal of vigilant decision making?
Raise awareness of personal goals and motives
What part of vigilant desicion making does be proactive fall under?
Appraising the challange
What part of vigilant decision making does begin with the end in mind fall under?
Assessing yourself
What part of vigilant decision making does put first things first fall under?
Surveying alternatives
What is the responsibility of the pharmacist in drug information?
Provide drug information in various settings and for various audiences
What is drug information?
Information found in a reference or verbalized by an individual that pertains to medications
What are the opportunities to provide drug information?
Direct patient care
Managed care orgs
Insurance industries
Scientific writing and medical communication
Pharmaceutical industry
What are the skills needed to provide accurate drug information?
Investigation (be thorough and ask questions)
Evaluation (think critically)
Communication (speak with confidence and compassion)
What are the three C’s to successful communication?
Character (trust)
Competence (confidence)
Chemistry (compassion)
What kind of information would you find in tertiary resources?
Filtered information
Summaries
Incomplete information and out of date
What resource is medscape or facts and comparisons?
Tertiary
What resource carries indexes and abstracts and usually is a database?
Secondary resources
What are some examples of secondary resources?
PubMed
GoogleScholar
AccessPharmacy
ChochraneLibrary
What resource is the most recent, and includes published and unpublished resources?
Primary resources
Where would you find journals?
Primary resources
What resource is access pharmacy?
Secondary
What resource is CINAHL?
Secondary
What resource is facts and comparisons?
Tertiary
What resource is MEDLINE?`
Secondary
What is autruism?
Make an unselfish commitment to serve the best interest of the patient above your own
What are the 5 core competencies required for all health professionals?
Deliver patient centered care
Work as part of an interdisciplinary team
Practice evidence based medicine
Apply quality improvement approaches
Use information technology
What are the responsibilities of a pharmacist in mississippi?
Dispensing of drugs
Patient records
Prospective drug use review
Patient counseling
Confidentiality
What are the 5 rights?
Patient
Drug
Time
Dose
Route
What are high alert medications?
Drugs that bear a heightened risk of causing significant harm when they are used in error
What does USP 795 cover?
Nonsterile compounding
What does USP 797 cover?
Sterile compoudning
What does USP 800 cover?
Handling of hazardous drugs
What does NIOSH do?
manage the hazardous drug list
What type of registrant would fall under M?
Mid level practitioner
NP
PA
OD
ET
What kind of registrant would fall under A/B/F/G?
Hospital
Clinic
Practitioner
Teaching Institution
Pharmacy
What is wrong with this DEA?
Peter Adams, PA
AP5836727
He is not a doctor (only a mid level so it would start with M)
The first letter of his last name is not P
What are the 4 classifications of Med errors?
Stage in the medication use process
Types of errors
Mistakes made when planning actions vs errors in the execution
Level of severity
What is PDMP?
Prescription Drug Monitoring program
Statewide electronic database that collects designated data on controlled substances dispensed in the state
TF: MTM is only done by pharmacists?
False
MTM is a collaborative effort and not just done by pharmacist
What are the 5 MTM core elements?
Medication therapy review
Personal medication record
Medication related action plan
Intervention and or referral
Documentation and follow up
What are the 5 steps of pharmacists patient care process?
Collect
Assess
Plan
Implement
Follow up and monitor
TF: Patient counseling is required for all new prescriptions?
True
TF: Pharmacy is moving away from dispensing and moving towards clinical practice?
True
What is pharacogenomics?
The study of how genes affect a person’s response to drugs
What is specialty pharmacy?
Aspect of pharmacy practice that deals with specialty drugs
What are biologics?
Medicines made from living organisms through highly complex manufacturing processes
What are biosimilars?
A biologic that is similar to another biologic that is already licensed by the FDA
What is the Purple book?
A book that contains 20 biosimilars currently approved
TF: Pharmacists are recognized as independent practitioners
FALSE
What are the reasons for creation of the pharmacist’s patient care process?
Promote consistency
Provide a framework
Design an approach to patient care that facilitates interprofessional collaboration
What are the foundational components of PPCP?
Establish a patient-pharmacist relationship
Open, effective communication with the patient, family, and caregivers
Collaborate, document, and communicate with physicians and other providers
Utilization of information tech systems
What is received from the collect portion of PPCP?
Subjective and objective information
What is done during the Assess portion of PPCP?
Identify and prioritize problems and achieve optimal care
Why do we document?
If it isnt documented it didnt happen
What does SOAP stand for?
Subjective
Objective
Assessment
Plan
What are the components of Subjective?
Chief complaint
HPI
History
ROS
Current medications
Allergies
What is used for the HPI?
Onset
Location
Duration
Characterization
Alleviating and aggravating factors
Radiation
Temporal factor
Severity
What are the components of Objective?
Vital signs
PE findings
Lab data
Imaging results
Other diag data
Documentation of other clinicians
What factor impacted change in disease pattern between the Prehistoric era and the Neolithic period?
Lifestyle (now in permanent dwellings)
Expanded use of plants
Expanded knowledge of materia medica (anything that can be used to heal a patient)
For sumerians, what organ was central to life?
Liver
What Babylonian compound is still commonly used today?
Liniments
Licorice root and honey
Which greek symbol is usually incorrectly utilized to represent physicians and healthcare workers?
Caduceus
What was Hippocrates practice philosophy based upon? How did he apply it?
Body is composed of 4 humors and when they are healthy they are in balance (homeostasis)
Where did the Rx symbol come from?
Romans - used to symbol pharmacy
What were the three regulations outlined in the edict of frederick II?
Separation of pharmaceutical profession from medical profession
Official supervision of pharmaceutical practice
Obligation by oath to prepare drugs reliably and in a uniform suitable quality
What system of delivery of medicine in Colonial America would be most similar to modern day community pharmacies?
Apothecary Shop
What is the first and most commonly used biologic
Penicillin
What antibiotic was discovered by Alexander Fleming?
PEnicillin
What was the first national pharmacy association in the US?
APhA
What pharmacy org is targeted toward hospital pharmacists and regulate pharmacy residency programs?
ASHP
What pharmacy org oversees the examinations required to become a registered pharmacist?
ACPE
What is the only religious pharmacy org?
CPFI
