final Flashcards
gold standard for lymphedema measurement?
volumetric measurements
Unilateral or bilateral
Lymphedema vs lipedema
lymphedema - unilateral
lipedema - bilateral
earliest stage of lymphedema for positive stemmer’s sign
stage 2
gold standard for lymphedema treatment
CDT complete decongestive therapy
2 phases of complete decongestive therapy for lymphedema
1 - active/decongestive phase
2 - maintenance phase
what type of bandaging should be used for compression of a limb with lymphedema?
short-stretch
*low resting pressure, high working pressure
progression of manual lymphatic drainage
healthy lymph nodes -> proximal + contralateral areas -> ipsilateral and affected areas
__________ compression with short stretch compression
bandages is one of the MOST important methods of reducing
edema
multilayered
4 Stage System of lymphedema
- Stage 0 – latent
- Stage 1 – spontaneously reversible
- Stage 2 - spontaneously irreversible
- Stage 3 – Lymphostatic elephantiasis
weeping edema AKA
lymphorrhea
bite of a mosquito that is infected with a parasitic worm, causing lymphedema
filariasis
Clinical sign for lymphedema, indicated by the presence of a thickened fold of the skin at the base of the 2nd toe or 2nd finger
stemmer’s sign
epidermis thickness
.06-.6mm
epidermal layers
come lets get sun burned
corneum lucidum granulosum spinosum basale
produce melanin, located in stratum basale
melnocytes
mechanoreceptors that detect light touch sensation
merkel cells
cells that fight infection by engulfing foreign materials
langerhans
secrete histamines that regulate inflammation
mast cells
dermis thickness
2-4 mm
initial fluid leaking from vessels immediately following an injury…..
After 30 mins, vessels vasodilate and interstitial fluid leaking is now….
transudate
exudate
1st cells to arrive during the inflammatory phase
PMNs
during inflammatory phase:
direct the repair process =
produce histamine =
macrophages
mast cells
proliferation can begin within _____ hours in healthy people
48 hours
4 steps in proliferation AGCE
angiogenesis
granulation tissue formation
contraction of wound
epithelialization
functioning as smooth muscle and fibroblasts, these are the driving force behind wound contraction
myofibroblasts
color of scars still in the maturation and remodeling phase
pink (not the same color as surrounding skin)
initial immature type of collagen in scars =
mature collagen in scars =
type III
type I
strength of a wound/scar compared to surrounding tissue
80%
length of time for secondary closure
acute vs chronic
acute 14 days
chronic 30 days
separation of wound margins
dehiscence
good indicator that the wound is responding to management intervetions
20-40% decrease in 2-4 weeks
how quickly will wounds dry when exposed to air?
2-3 hours
this can facilitate activation of the healing process in a non-healing chronic wound
serial debridement
amount of steroids required to impair all phases of wound healing
> 30-40 mg
amount of steroids required to get Trace jacked
Red light intervention, jackedness limited by cognitive impairment
3 types of burns
thermal, chemical, electrical
most common burn
thermal
most-likely to cause a full-thickness burn
chemical burn
may result from disruption or damage to the lymphatic system (lymph node removal, trauma, VI, radiation therapy)
secondary lymphedema (acquired)
is usually the result of congenital malformation or impairment of the
Lymphatics
primary lymphedema
