Final Flashcards
5 pillars of islam
The profession of Faith (shahada). The belief that “There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the Messenger of God” is central to Islam.
Prayer (salat). Muslims pray facing Mecca five times a day: at dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset, and after dark.
Alms (zakat). In accordance with Islamic law, Muslims donate a fixed portion of their income to community members in need.
Fasting (sawm). During the daylight hours of Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, all healthy adult Muslims are required to abstain from food and drink.
Pilgrimage (haji). Every Muslim whose health and finances permit it must make at least one visit to the holy city of Mecca, in present-day Saudi Arabia.
Differences between Shema and Shari’a
Shema- A prayer in Judism receted twice a day.
Shari’a- The divine law, derived from the Qur’an and the sunna, encompassing all and setting forth in detail how Muslims are to live
Differences Between Sunni and shi’i, and why are they destined from each other
Sunni- the division of Islam practiced by most Muslims, named after the Sunna
Shi’i - the divison of islam dominant in iraq and iran, orginating as a result of an early dispute over leadership. distinguishable from Sunni Islam mainly by its figure of the Imam and strong messianic expectations
The main difference between Sunni and Shiite Muslims is their belief surrounding who should have succeeded the Prophet Muhammad in 632 AD.
Historically, Sunni Muslims believed that Abu Bakr was the rightful successor, while Shiite, or Shia, Muslims thought it should have been Ali ibn Abi Talib.
On top of this, Sunnis tend to have less elaborate religious hierarchy than Shiites.
The Shiite view is that the 12 Imams inherited their positions as exclusive Muslim leaders.
The split stemmed from the disagreement over who succeeded Muhammad.
It caused a major dispute in parts of the Muslim world and eventually led to several battles and the Islamic schism.
Explain the difference between imam and Imam
imam- the leader of the friday worship servce who directs the prayers and delivers a sermon
Imam- For shi’i islam an early succcessor to muhammand and leader of islam believed to have special to have special spiritual insight.
Imam is an incarnated God, not unlike the Catholic perception of Jesus.
HOW DO Muslims understand original sin contrast how Judaism understands original sin
Both Islam and Judaism agree that the Christian belief in ‘Original Sin’ is an unwarranted and overly negative and pessimistic evaluation of the nature of human beings. The Qur’an and the Torah both teach that Allah/God made humans with a tendency toward, and a capacity for, both good behavior and bad behavior, but that they are not born into this world with the guilt of someone else’s sin.
Hijab video disscus the signidiscussfagance of Hijab and Islam and why some women wear it proudly and others like it is a symbol of opression, what di dthe women say give examples. Other insets about this topic 3 pages
Muslim women are required by their faith to wear the hijab. In this informative talk, novelist Samina Ali takes us on a journey back to Prophet Muhammad’s time to reveal what the term “hijab” really means – and it’s not the Muslim woman’s veil! So what does “hijab” actually mean, if not the veil, and how have fundamentalists conflated the term to deny women their rights? In the Quran it does not say that they have to wear hajabs, it should be a choice
Moummand had the idea of making the rich and poor women look the same. So men could not see the difference, so when men wanted to attack they would only attack the slaves beause the rich they were protected by their clan.
“Oh prophet, tell your wives, your daughters and the women of the believers to draw upon themselves their garments this is better so that they not be known and molested”
Early muslim scholars ruled that A womans way of dress should be based on two considerations a woman’s function in society, and the societys spectific customs.
The rules that apply to womens clothing are vague is so that a woman could choose for herself how to dress.
Hajab is to mean a barrier or a divide between us humans and the divine phiscal screen. does not mean a womans veil.
If a man was leaking puss from all over his body, and his wife licked it for him she would still not fulfill waht she owes him.
Gehod discuss the significance importance of hehod in Islam explain why some people may think that joining a gehod is appealing and different viewpoints on gehod and what di dthe speaker in the ted talk say about it. how might the idea of jihadists as terrorists be a distortion of the true meaning of jihad. 3 Pages
In this moving talk, he reflects on his experience with radicalization and makes a powerful, direct appeal to anyone drawn to Islamist groups that claim violence and brutality are noble and virtuous: let go of anger and hatred, he says, and instead cultivate your heart to see goodness, beauty and truth in others. true Jihad is not about volance it is about fighting for what you belive in. People, young people 13 year old boys had to fight so they could be safe. a struggle or fight
Jihad means: against the enemies of Islam.
“he declared a jihad against the infidels”
He thought that jihad is to be understood
in the language of force and violence. He tried to right wrongs
through power and aggression.
“I thought violent jihad was noble, chivalrous, and and the best way to help.’
Al cadia Islamic State and others, when these groups are claiming that their horrific brutality
and violence are true jihad, I want to say that their idea
of jihad is wrong –
Jihad means to strive to one’s utmost. It includes exertion and spirituality, self-purification and devotion. It refers to positive transformation through learning, wisdom
and remembrance of God.
The word jihad stands
for all those meanings as a whole.
Jihad may at times
take the form of fighting, under strict conditons. within rules and limits
the verses in the Koran
that are connected to jihad or fighting do not cancel out the verses
that talk about forgiveness, benevolence, or patience.
But now the idea of jihad
has been hijacked. It has been perverted
to mean violent struggle wherever Muslims
are undergoing difficulties, and turned into terrorism by fascistic Islamists like al-Qaeda,
that true jihad
means striving to the utmost
to strengthen and live
those qualities which God loves: honesty, trustworthiness, compassion, benevolence, reliability, respect, truthfulness, human values that so many of us share.
In 1971 we were in Bangladesh
when everything changed.
The War of Independence
impacted upon us terribly pitting family against family, And at the age of 12 I experienced war, destitution in my family.
but I could not go to school
for four years.
This events gave me a sharp awareness of the atrocities
and injustices in the world. wanted to help rid the world of injustices and opression.
He was then radicalized enough to consider violence correct, even a virtue under certain circumstances.
So I became involved
in the jihad in Afghanistan.
I wanted to protect the Muslim Afghan
population against the Soviet army. And I thought that was jihad: my sacred duty, which was rewarded by god.
They misused the idea of Jihad to justify their lust for power,
authority and control on earth:
But I believe such people can change. They can regain their hearts
and restore them by filling them
with human values that heal.
what appreciation and understanding of these world religions has changed throughout the course stop some of the issues and ongoing challenges for each of these religions as we move into the new millennium what do you think the role of religion will be in the 21st century has it lost its importance or is it more important than ever in clear and precise and specific examples as much as possible what are the seven dimensions
I believe that having a religion is more important no than ever; since with the pandemic people are stressed out and need to cope somehow. Even though it is harder for people to do traditions as in coming together, but when people are using zoom and still doing traditions no matter what happens. The mythical, experiential, ethical, and material, doctrinal are fine in this year. As for the ritual and social not as much. Even though people cannot pratice their normal traditions, people are making new ways of doing them. Which comes to my point that these past years, and century, religion and traditions gives a reason for people to be happy, and see each other.
The seven dimensions of Religion: Islam
experiential fasting during ramadan
Mythical sacred narratives of Abraham’s founding of mecca and muhammeds asension to heaven
Doctrinal shahada (emphasizing monotheism)
Ethical wealth sharing, regulation against pork and against pork and alacohol
Ritual prayer five times daily, various observances while on the the hajj
Social the Umma, the imam, the shaykh
Material the holy cities of Mecca and Medina, the ka’ba, mosques
Oms
Musilms gives 10% to the needy
Muhammad (earily life)
Muhammad was born in Mecca around the year 570 (A city of western Saudi Arabia)
Mecca was not a kind, friendly culture
These tribes all worshiped many different
gods (polytheistic)
Muhammad began working as a merchant
and was known for his trustworthiness
Muhammad and Khadija (wife) had 4
daughters and 2 sons
Muhammad The trouble
Muhammad slowly began to attract some
followers, most of them young and of modest
social standing
The ruling elite feared Muhammad and his
followers and began to persecute them
Muhammad’s prestige grew much larger after
the war and the subsequent surrender of the
Meccans
Muhammad: The visons and message
Fifteen years after his marriage, he began to have visions and
hear mysterious voices
When Muhammad was about 40 years old an angel appeared
to him in the form of a man
This revelation was soon followed by others about the one true
God
The key message:
Unlike Jesus (who Christians believe was God's son) Muhammad was a mortal, albeit with extraordinary qualities
He preached a strong social justice message about equality
and poverty
Muhammad: conclusion
Muhammad’s life was cut short by his
sudden death on June 8, 632 at about
60 years old
Within 100 years, Islam spread across
the world, occupying more territory than
the Roman Empire
