Final Flashcards
hysteria
Freud - caused by sex drive. Psychological not physiological.
seduction theory
Freud - theory says early childhood sexual trauma (molestation) was the cause of symptoms.
techniques of psycho analysis
Freud - Trusting atmosphere, analytical neutrality, free association, interpretation of resistance, dream analysis, interpretation of parapraxes, interpretation of transference
How is Id restrained?
Freud - by the ego
Psychosexual stages
Freud - oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
What enables us to manage our instincts and unconscious drives?
Freud - defense mechanisms manage instincts. Instincts restrained through development of higher cognitive functions
Definition of Id
Freud - the part of the mind in which innate instinctive impulses and primary processes are manifest.
Overindulged child is related to what stage of development?
Freud - oral stage
Oedipal complex
Freud - wanting to possess the parent of the opposite sex.
Libido is focused on what over the years?
Freud - erogenous zones
Moral anxiety
Freud - feeling bad about doing something wrong. comes from Superego.
Genital stage
Freud - onset of puberty
Are defense mechanisms good or bad?
Freud - either/both
Function of Id
Freud - driving force of personality. Seeks to satisfy basic urges.
Alternative names of Id
Freud - “it”
Functions of Ego
Freud - function is to temper id.
Alternative names of Ego
Freud - also called the “I”
Functions of superego
Freud - provides personal sense of right and wrong
Alternative names of superego
Freud
Synchronicity
Jung. Reflection of psychic event happening at the same time that a physical event occurred
Two events having some meaningful relationship to one another
No obvious causal relationship between the two
More than “coincidences”
Consciousness
Jung. Thinking that we are aware of.
Personal unconscious
Jung. Thinking that we are unaware of that is affected by our own life experience. All our repressed thoughts and behaviors that we have experienced but don’t remember
Collective unconscious
Jung. Thinking that we are unaware of that is passed down from previous generations. containing primordial images called archetypes which provide prototypes of ways of being in the world
ego (Jung)
Jung. Manages our mental functions and attitudes. Provides continuity of personality.
Purpose of therapeutic techniques in analytic therapy
Jung. To construct an atmosphere that allows the client to access the unconscious
To engage unconscious in order to integrate split-off and fragmented parts of self
Purpose of amplification
Jung. Important for clients to amplify symbols found in their lives
Therapist tries to uncover the meaning symbols hold relative to repressed material in the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious
According to Jung, by expanding our ____________ the individual is able to integrate parts of self that have been pushed into the _______________ thus, becoming a more fully functioning person
Jung
What does symptomatology represent in Jung’s theory?
Jung
Archetype closes toward consciousness
Jung. Persona.
Archetype furthest in unconciousness
Jung. Shadow?
Tendency to perceive the world in certain ways that we identify as “human”
Jung
Define psyche
Jung. All of our psychological processes. Consciousness, personal unconscious, collective unconscious,
Mental functions (Jung)
Jung. sensation, thinking, feeling, intuition. managed by ego.
Where is repressed material housed?
Jung. Personal unconscious.
Popular archetypes
Jung. persona, shadow, animus/anima, the self
Symbols (Jung)
Jung. Found in dreams, artwork, daydreams, fantasies.. Hold meaning relative to repressed material.
Jung techniques
Dialectical method Active imagination Dream analysis Use of creative techniques Amplification Transference/Countertransference Interpretation
Individuation
Jung. Lifelong process of uncovering separate parts of our selves
Goal of integrating parts into the whole person
Yin Yang
Jung. The symbol suggests:
we must learn to be in harmony with change
opposing forces in the universe complement one another and merge over time
inverting the symbol, shows how the mental functions might be configured (consciousness in the white) (T-F, I-S)
Who or what did Rogers rely mostly on
Rogerian - his own experiences with clients
What are we born with? (Adlerian)
Adler. Innate and unique capabilities.
What impacts child development most? (Rogerian)
Rogerian - Parents
Incongruence
Rogerian - non-genuine. Feelings, thoughts, behaviors are not in synch.
What is associated with state of incongruence? (Rogerian)
Rogerian - conditions of worth?
Congruence
Rogerian - being genuine or real.
Unconditional positive regard
Rogerian - sense of acceptance regardless of feelings expressed.
Carkhuff Scale
Rogerian - 5 point scale related to empathy
“Shouldism” is related to…
Gestalt - Perl’s concept of topdog
Esalen and Perls
Gestalt
Gestalt therapy is grounded in…
Gestalt - existentialism and phenomenology.
How is the self developed? (Gestalt)
Gestalt - process of need identification and need fulfillment.
Contact
Gestalt - determines health. Defines boundary between self and other. confluence is bad. No contact is bad.
Impasses and Blockages
Gestalt - introjection, projection, retroflection, desensitization, deflection, egotism, confluence
The “Now” is equal to…
Gestalt - Now = experience = awareness = reality
How did Reich influence Perls?
Gestalt - Reich taught Perls about “body armor.” Focus on non-verbals. Unfinished business is housed in our body.
Boundaries in therapy and Perls
Gestalt - Confluence. Dissolving boundaries resulting in undefined self.
Technique most related to working through unresolved issues between two people
Gestalt - dialogue game and empty chair
Technique most related to working through unresolved issues within self
Gestalt - playing the projection
Stages of need satisfaction
Gestalt - withdrawal (zero point), sensation, awareness, mobilization, action, contact, satisfaction
Layers of neuroses
Gestalt - cliche layer, role-playing or phony layer, impasse layer, implosive layer, explosive/authentic layer.
Is Gestalt therapy effective in reducing anxiety?
Gestalt - somewhat
Did Perls work on layers of psychoneurotic sexuality?
Gestalt - no
Empty chair technique and outcome research
Gestalt
Figure/ground
Gestalt - people perceive the foreground and do not recognize the background. Unsatisfied needs are in the foreground, satisfied needs are in the background.
Polarities
Gestalt - infinite number of dimensions that come in pairs. Example top dog/under dog.
Zero point
Gestalt - withdrawal stage. stage in the need-satisfaction cycle.
Cliche layer
Gestalt - socially acceptable way of behaving
Role-Playing or Phony Layer
Gestalt - front we present to avoid contact
Impasse layer
Gestalt - the point where one realizes a role is being played.
Implosive layer
Gestalt - when one decides who one really is
Explosive/Authentic Layer
Gestalt - when one is willing to risk being oneself.
non-reductionistic
Gestalt - the idea that spiritual, mental, physiological, and psychological parts of a person are inseperable and connected to external forces.
Teleology
Adler. We move toward the future. Striving for perfection.
Striving for perfection
Adler. Originally inherent aggressive drive. Later striving for superiority.
Primary feelings of inferiority
Universal and natural. Feelings we learn to overcome. Lead to growth, wholeness, cooperation.
Private Logic
Developed to overcome feelings of inferiorty. Inner voice, self talk, internal images
Is birth order always indicative of certain behaviors?
No. sometimes psychological birth order is different than physical birth order. Other factors can mediate birth order.
Primary feelings of inferiority
Adler. Universal and natural. Feelings we learn to overcome. Lead to growth, wholeness, cooperation.
Private Logic
Adler. Developed to overcome feelings of inferiorty. Inner voice, self talk, internal images
Is birth order always indicative of certain behaviors?
Adler. No. sometimes psychological birth order is different than physical birth order. Other factors can mediate birth order.
Natural consequences/logical consequences
Adler. Logical consequences are imposed by another person.
Compensation
Adler. Behaviors developed in an attempt to squash feelings of inferiority or being unfulfilled.
Successfully dealing with feelings of inferiority leads to…
Adler. Growth, wholeness, cooperation
Dysfunctional behaviors in children
Adler. attention seeking, use of power, revenge seeking, displaying inadequacy
Subjective final goal
Adler. guiding self-ideal. drive people throughout life.
Who can influence the lives of children?
Adler. teachers, parents, therapists
Role-playing and acting “as if”
Adler. behaving in a manner congruent to the development of a healthier lifestyle.
Spit in the client’s soup
Adler. an effort to show a client their current ways of functioning are unhealthy and jar them out of maladaptive patterns.
Compensating
Adler. How people rid themselves of feelings of inferiority.
Style of Life
Adler. Reflected in our movement toward our subjective final goal.
Schemas of Apperception
Adler. cognitive rules developed to help us understand our experiences.
What is oppression related to (Adler)
Feelings of inferiority.
What is oppression related to (Adler)
Feelings of inferiority.
Existential Techniques
Dialectical method, educating the client, I-Thou authentic relationship, Phenomenological perspective, Acceptance, Confrontation, Encouragement, self-reflect, paradoxical intention, De-reflection/refocusing
Existential view of human nature
We are born neither good nor bad. Born alone, die alone. We have to make our own meaning. Freedom and meaning come from choices. anti-deterministic.
Ways to avoid responsibility
displacement, losing control, avoiding autonomy
