Final Flashcards
Hypothalamus affarent
solitary - BP RF - skin temp retinal path - day night input limbic - eating reproduction circumventricular - changes in osmo
Posterior hypothalamic nu contain during the day….
glutamatergic
histaminergic
orexin
all contribute arousal
left temporal pole mem
general impersonal facts
right temporal pole
emotion socially relevat
amygdala connections
olfactory hypoT brainstem MD limbic Hippocampla formation septal nu basal forbrain med orbitofrontal
amygdala connection with olfactory
appatite
amygdala connection with hypoT brainstem
breathing
amygdala connection with MD
fear reflex
amygdala connection with limbic
neuroendocrinological
amygdala connection with hippocampal formation
emotion and mem
amygdala connection with septal nu and basal forebrain
processing rewarding
amygdala connection with Medial orbitofrontal
decision making
cingulate anterior vs posterior
ant - emotion
post - autobiographical
steps of regen
Wallerian degeneration – everything after injury dies
Macrophages begin to clear debris AND Schwann cells become phagocytic and engulf degenerating axon and myelin
Central end of axon sprouts into endoneurial sheaths left behind by degenerated axon
Schwann cells proliferate as axon regrows
Production of new myelin
Guide axonal regrowth
Axon re-establishes postsynaptic target
Axon diameter increases, more myelin created with time
neuroplastic mech
chem
structural - more receptors
functional - sensory to motor
3 routes taken by the ANS
- white communicating rami to immediate which do LE skin BV
- white communicating rami to above or below - LE skin, BV
- continue through without synapsing - go to organs
parasympathetic nu
EW - ciliary muscles for pupil
sup and inf salivary - salivary and lacrimal
nu ambiguous- BP heart muscles
dorsal motor nu - heart, and vasodilation in gut
exceptions to dual innervation ANS
sweat
pili
BV
adrenal medulla
central mod ANS insula
primary visceral sensory area
central mod ANS medial prefrontal cortex
visceral motor
central mod ANS hypoT
BF, energy, reproductive, and coordinates responses to threatening conditions
central mod ANS hippocampal formation and amygdala
mem and emotion
hippocampal formation made of
hippocampus
dentate
subiculum
language areas of brain
frontal lobes - syntax
supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus - lexicon writing
visal cortex
neglect injury
R temporoparietal jx posterior parietal lesion dorsolateral frontal cingulate gyrus thalamic putamen
apraxia types
ideomotor
ideamotor
apraxia hemisphere
left
prefrontal cortex
dorsolateral
orbitofrontal
ventromedial
dorso - switching attention working mem
orbito frontal - decision making
ventromedial prefrontal - emotional processing
Flexor and extensor synergy
Flexor synergy (UE): scapula retraction and elevation, shoulder abduction and ER, elbow flexion, supination, wrist and finger flexion ` Extensor synergy (LE): hip extension, adduction, and IR, knee extension, ankle PF and inversion, toe PF
posturing
Decorticate: UE flexion, LE extension/IR/PF – pointing up
Brainstem lesions above red nucleus
Decerebrate: UE and LE extension – pointing down
Brainstem lesions below red nucleus
choreiform
Involuntary, rapid, irregular and jerky movements
Seen with Huntington’s Disease; side effect of PD medications
athetosis
Slow, writing and twisting movements
UE>LE
Common in Cerebral Palsy
Somatotopic cerebellum
anterior lobe top is legs bottom is head
posterior lobe top is head bottom is legs
somatotropic basis pedunculi
medial is face - arm lateral is legs
somatotropic insula
rostral arm caudal legs
nociceptive pain
normal injury
neuropathic pain
follow dermatome
can be caused by medical condition
CS pain
does not follow dermatomes
no medical reason
dysesthesia
unpleasant abnormal sensation
allodynia
evoked by stim
hyperalgesia
excessively sensitive
9 places that respond to pain
Pre motor/motor Cingulate gyrus Prefrontal cortex Amygdala Sensory cortex Hypoothalamus/thalamus Cerebellum Hippocampus Spinal cord
brain smudging
Ultimately the increased sensitivity and decreased precision contribute to complexity of chronic pain
schwann for myelin
multiple to make one
arachnoid mater
CSF circulation
shear forces
pia mater
prod of CSF
increase BBB
where can the BBB not be found
Post pituitary gland, pineal gland, portion of hypothalamus
mesencephalic trigem
proprioception of jaw
spinal trigem
pain temp crude touch
principle sensory
light touch propio of face and dental pressure
CN 10 autonomic
organs
CN 10 visceral
aortic arch
Lat and anterior corticospinal start where
priMC preMC SMC
make up the striatum
patumen caudate
what are the projections going out of the cortex called that go through the internal capsule to the straitum
corticostriatal path
injury to spacicity
TBI
dystonia injury
Dmg to basal gang
parito-occipital association special sense
motion spatial relation
occipitotemporal association
colors faces letters
FEF eye mvmt
saccades
parieto-occipito-temporal cortex eye mvmt
smooth pursuit
Lateral nu vestibular
cerebellum → lateral vestibulospinal → extensors of trunk and legs
medial nu vestibular
- MLF → extensors of neck and head
superior nu vestibular
MLF → OM nu
inferior nu vestibular
cerebellar OM nu, and reticular formation
PIVC vestibular integration
cerebellum and vestibular input
Medial superior temporal region vestibular integration
self motion preception
visiovestibular
ventral intraparietal vestibular integration
proprioception, auditory, visual, tactile, vestibular
asomatognosia
they don’t recognize that it is theirs but they can see it
anosognosia
they think they are completely fine
neuropraxia
local myelin dmg
axonotmesis
bounce back dmg to nerve cell layer
neurotmesis
complete transection
