final 1 Flashcards
It uses computer simulations to predict the behavior of molecules and their interactions.
Molecular modeling
It virtually tests millions of compounds against target molecules, identifying potential drug candidates for further research and development.
In silico screening
It automates the testing of large libraries of compounds against a specific target.
High Throughput Screening
It enables researchers to rapidly screen thousands or millions of compounds, identifying potential drug candidates.
High Throughput Screening
HTS helps identify “___,” compounds that show promising activity against the target, paving the way for further investigation.
hits
It systematically generates and screens
large libraries of chemical compounds.
It involves systematically combining different building blocks to create diverse molecules.
Combinatorial chemistry
These libraries are then screened against biological targets to identify potential drug candidates, enabling the exploration of a vast chemical space.
Compound Libraries
It provides crucial insights into the three-
dimensional structures of proteins, their interactions with other molecules, and their functional roles in biological processes.
Structural biology
These strategies focus on designing drugs that bind to specific protein sites, modulating their activity and potentially inhibiting disease progression.
Protein targeting
These are used to understand how fragments bind.
X-ray crystallography and NMR
Leads with improved properties are further optimized to become drug
candidates.
Fragment-Based Drug Discovery
In Fragment-Based Drug Discovery, Fragments are modified and combined to improve:
binding affinity and potency
Starts with small molecules, “fragments”, that bind to a target protein.
Fragment-Based Drug Discovery
It allows simultaneous analysis of multiple cellular parameters in a single experiment, providing a comprehensive
view of drug effects.
High-Content Screening (HCS)
This approach enhances data quality and accelerates the identification of promising drug candidates.
High-Content Screening (HCS)
They mimic the complex environment of living tissues, providing a more accurate
representation of drug responses.
Three-dimensional cell culture models
These models improve prediction of drug efficacy and reduce the need for animal testing.
Three-dimensional cell culture models
It studies the entire genome, including genes, mutations, and variations. This provides insights into genetic predispositions to diseases and potential drug targets.
Genomics
It focuses on proteins, analyzing their structure, function, and interactions. It helps identify biomarkers and understand how drugs affect protein pathways.
Proteomics
Combining __ and ___ offers a more comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms. It enables the development of personalized therapies based on individual genetic profiles and protein expression patterns.
genomics
proteomics
AI can analyze vast datasets to identify potential drug targets, speeding up the discovery process.
Target Identification (Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning)
These can rapidly screen millions of molecules to identify promising drug candidates.
AI algorithms
They can predict drug efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic properties, reducing the risk of failure in later stages.
AI models
AI can optimize ___, making them more
efficient and cost-effective
clinical trial designs
It is a crucial aspect of drug discovery.
ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) modeling
They utilize computational approaches to estimate a drug candidate’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties.
Predictive ADMET models
How well a drug is absorbed into the
bloodstream
Absorption
How a drug spreads throughout the body.
Distribution
How a drug is broken down in the body.
Metabolism
How a drug is removed from the body.
Excretion
The potential harmful effects of a drug.
Toxicity
These are tiny chips that mimic the human body’s organ functions.
Microfluidic devices
These platforms enable researchers to study drug effects and responses in a controlled environment.
Microfluidic Devices
These are a powerful tool for drug discovery and development.
They provide a more physiologically relevant model than traditional cell cultures.
Organ-on-a-chip systems
These models improve predictions of drug efficacy and toxicity in human trials.
Organ-on-a-chip systems
It utilizes genetic, genomic, and other data to create customized treatment plans.
This approach considers individual
differences in genes, lifestyle, and
environment, allowing for more targeted
and effective therapies.
Personalized medicine
These tests help identify patients most
likely to benefit from a specific treatment, predicting drug response and
potential adverse effects.
Companion Diagnostics
This emerging field focuses on developing targeted therapies and diagnostics for specific patient populations, improving treatment outcomes and reducing unnecessary side effects.
Precision Medicine
These are biological indicators that
can help predict disease risk, monitor
disease progression, or evaluate the
effectiveness of treatments.
Biomarkers
In clinical trials, it allows for personalized medicine approaches, tailoring treatments to individual patients based on their unique biological characteristics.
Biomarker validation
These can be used to develop accurate and sensitive diagnostic tests that enable early detection and intervention, improving patient outcomes.
Biomarkers
Allow for modifications to trial protocols based on accumulating data.
Adaptive Designs
Enrolls patients with different tumor types but similar genetic alterations.
Basket Trials
Test multiple drugs simultaneously against a single target.
Umbrella Trials
Evaluate various therapies for a specific disease or condition.
Platform Trials
Ethical Considerations and Patient
• Centricity
• Informed Consent
• Data Privacy
• Equity and Access
• Transparency and Communication
These are often stigmatized and
undertreated, requiring innovative therapies and support systems.
Mental health disorders
It is a growing concern, leading to
a need for novel antibiotics and antiviral therapies.
Antimicrobial resistance
Many rare diseases lack effective treatments. Drug development for these
diseases is often challenging due to limited patient populations and high costs.
Prevalent in developing countries,
it often lack adequate resources for research and development of new
treatments.
Tropical diseases
