Filoviruses

Question 1

Example(s) of filovirus(es)

Answer 1

Marburg and Ebola

Question 2

Characteristics of filoviruses

Answer 2

Filamentous, enveloped, negative-stranded RNA viruses
Zoonotic
All damage the microvasculature resulting in increased vascular permeability and cause fatal or sever hemorrhage

Question 3

Replication (Filoviruses)

Answer 3

Cytoplasm

Question 4

Shape and nucleic acid (Filoviruses)

Answer 4

Single-stranded negative RNA genome that encodes seven proteins
Enveloped filaments
Helical and enclosed in an envelope containing one glycoprotein

Question 5

Incubation and Symptoms (Filoviruses)

Answer 5

Hemorrhagic fever
Incubation period 3-8 days
Illness begins with flu-like symptoms such as headache and myalgia. Then nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea occur within a few days.
Symptoms escalate to nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, chest pain, coughing, shortness of breath, edema, diarrhea, headache, and coma
Mucosal hemorrhage, oozing from venipuncture sites, and a macropapular rash are common by day 5 of infection and often useful diagnostic indicators
Worsening symptoms around 7 days (concurrent with antibody response)
Metabolic disturbances and shock -> death

Question 6

Is there a cure or vaccine for ebola?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

Pathogenesis (filovirus)

Answer 7

Transmission and reservoir uncertain (bats?)
Direct contact with body fluid, or to a lesser extent, skin or mucus membrane
Destruction of the immune system
Breakdown of endothelial cells leading to vascular injury can be attributed to Ebola glycoprotein

Question 8

The ____ is a primary target of filovirus replication.

Answer 8

mononuclear phagocytic cell system (monocytes and macrophages)

Question 9

When was the first ebola outbreak recorded?

Answer 9

1976

Question 10

Control (filovirus)

Answer 10

No treatment

Question 11

Four strains of ebola

Answer 11

Zaire, Sudan, Ivory Coast, and Reston

Question 12

Where did the name for Ebola come from?

Answer 12

Named after a river in central Africa