Fill in the Blank (pgs 6-10 of practice exam - no duplicates) Flashcards
Abduction, depression and intorsion of the eye are all functions of the _________ muscle.
superior oblique
Protrusion of the _________ is a function of the genioglossus muscle.
tongue
Superficial cerebral veins are located in the __________ filled subarachnoid space.
CSF
The nerve of the pterygoid canal enters the _______ fossa by traversing the pterygoid canal.
pterygopalatine
The greater petrosal nerve is the parasympathetic root of the _____ ganglion.
pterygopalatine
The ______ reflex tests the sensory function of the glossopharyngeal nerve and the motor function of the vagus nerve.
gag
Fine touch sensations from the mucosa covering the tip of the __________ are conveyed to the central nervous system over the axons of the lingual nerve.
tongue
The venous drainage of the scalp and the superior sagittal sinus are interconnected through a series of _____ veins.
emissary
The __________ dural venous sinus is positioned along the attached margin of the tentorium cerebelli.
transverse
The branches of the __________ artery are typically positioned medial to the pterion.
middle meningeal
The _______ muscle enters the pharynx by passing between the superior and middle constrictor muscles.
stylopharyngeus
The ________ incisors are typically innervated by the anterior superior alveolar nerves.
upper
The laryngeal mucosa _______ to the vocal folds is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
inferior
The posterior division of the ______ and the posterior auricular vein are the two primary tributaries of the external jugular vein.
retromandibular
As it emerges from the interpeduncular fossa, the _________ nerve typically passes between the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries.
oculomotor
The meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve re-enters the skull by traversing the __________.
foramen spinosum
The glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves all exit the __________ fossa by traversing the __________ foramen.
posterior cranial, jugular
The anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine may be torn during a severe _______ (movement) of the neck.
hyperextension
The _________ nerve traverses the cavernous sinus adjacent to the __________ artery.
abducens, internal carotid
The hypoglossal nerve emerges from the __________ between the pyramid and the __________.
medulla, olive
The __________ veins interconnect the venous drainage of the face and orbit with the cavernous sinus.
ophthalmic
The __________, lacrimal and trochlear nerves all traverse the superior orbital fissure superior to the annular (common tendinous) ring.
frontal
The superior oblique muscle of the eye receives its sensory innervation from branches of the __________ nerve.
ophthalmic
The inferior alveolar artery is typically a direct branch of the __________ artery.
maxillary
The __________ nerve, a sensory branch of the mandibular nerve, passes medial to the lateral pterygoid muscle and posterior to the neck of the mandible.
auriculotemporal
The stapedius muscle attaches in part to the _________ (ossicle) and is innervated by a branch of the facial nerve.
stapes
The anterior inferior aspect of the nasal septum typically receives its blood supply from branches of the sphenopalatine, greater palatine, anterior ethmoidal and _________ arteries.
facial
The _________ reflex tests the parasympathetic motor function of the IIIrd cranial nerve.
pupillary
The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is the only _________(movement) of the vocal folds.
abductor
The mylohyoid muscle forms the floor of the _________ cavity.
oral
The __________ nerve provides sensory innervation to the molars of the lower jaw.
inferior alveolar
The upper compartment of the TMJ is classified (synovial) as a __________ joint where as the lower compartment is a hinge joint.
gliding (plane)
The muscles of mastication are derived from the __________ pharyngeal (branchial) arch.
first (mandibular)
The __________ muscle extends from vertebral body to vertebral body and functions in flexion of the neck.
longus colli
The ________with its associated tympanic plexus is located in the medial wall of the middle ear.
promontory
The cell bodies of the postganglionic parasympathetic neurons innervating the _________ gland are located in the otic ganglion.
parotid
The __________ muscle functions to elevate the hyoid and larynx and is innervated by a branch of ventral ramus C1.
thyrohyoid or geniohyoid
The tectorial membrane is continuous with the __________ ligament of the vertebral column.
posterior longitudinal
The sphenoid sinus typically drains into the __________ of the nasal cavity.
sphenoethmoidal recess
The __________ nodes typically receive the direct lymphatic drainage of the skin overlying the superior attachment of the trapezius muscle.
occipital
The _______ and the ramus of the mandible form the lateral boundary of the infratemporal fossa.
zygomtic arch
Proximal to the superior orbital fissure, the oculomotor and trochlear nerves are positioned in the lateral wall of the ________sinus.
cavernous
The medial and lateral pterygoid muscles function during the side-to-side grinding motion of the ___________.
mandible
The facial nerve is closely associated with the _______ wall of the middle ear.
posterior
The temporalis, masseter and medial pterygoid muscles all function to ________ (movement) the mandible.
elevate
The _________ membrane is continuous with the posterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column.
tectorial
The __________ nerve innervates all the muscles of the palate except for the tensor palatini.
vagus (pharyngeal branch)
The __________ and __________ communicate through the auditory tube.
nasal pharynx, middle ear
The ________ lip drains directly into the submental lymph nodes.
central lower
The posterior fibers of the __________ muscle function in retrusion of the mandible.
temporalis
The greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves innervate the mucosa of the _______.
hard palate
The lingual nerve innervates the mucosa overlying the _______ of the oral cavity.
floor
The upper molars and their associated _______ mucosa are innervated by the PSA nerves.
buccal
The globus pallidus and putamen are positioned directly lateral to the _______.
internal capsule
The VPM nucleus of the _________ is the specific relay nucleus for the _________ somatosensory system.
thalamus, trigeminal
The cell bodies of the second order neurons of the __________ pathway for the head are located in the spinal trigeminal nucleus.
pain and temperature
Axons projecting from the thalamus to the _________ must pass through the internal capsule.
cerebral cortex
The parapharyngeal space is positioned between the _________ and the superior constrictor.
medial pterygoid
Axons projecting from the inferior olive to the cerebellar cortex pass through the __________ cerebellar peduncle.
inferior
Axons projecting from the deep cerebellar nuclei to the thalamus pass through the __________ cerebellar peduncle.
superior
The primary afferent neuron (cell body) for auditory sensation is located in the __________.
spiral ganglion
Axons arising from the lateral geniculate nucleus project to the primary visual cortex of the ________ lobe.
occipital
Most of the brainstem lower motor neurons receive bilateral corticobulbar afferents. Which cranial nerve nucleus (or subdivision) receives only contralateral corticobulbar afferents?
lower facial nucleus
The cell bodies of the second order neurons of the ________ and__________ pathway for the head are located in the spinal trigeminal nucleus.
pain, temperature
The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus contains the neuronal cell bodies for some of the ____________ innervating temporalis muscle spindles.
Primary sensory afferents
The majority of the __________ axons passing from one cerebral hemisphere to the contralateral cerebral hemisphere pass through the corpus callosum.
commissural
The organ of corti is located in the ___________ of the inner ear.
cochlea
The crista ampullaris is a receptor structure located in the __________ of the petrous portion of the temporal bone.
semicircular canals
The utricle is the most important end organ for our sense of ___________ acceleration.
linear horizontal
The __________ nerve contains the axons of the ganglion cells of the retina.
optic
The superior and inferior colliculi are located in the tectum, the dorsal aspect of the __________.
midbrain
The medial geniculate nucleus is the _____________ relay nucleus for the ______________ system.
thalamus, auditory
Axons arising from the left pontine nuclei project to the cerebellar cortex by passing through the ________ cerebellar peduncle .
right middle
The _______ region of the cerebellum modulates motor movements of the trunk.
midline (vermis)
The output of the globus pallidus controls motor movements by __________ of the motor nuclei (VA/VL) of the thalamus.
inhibition
The neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) is the region of the pituitary gland that contains the axon terminals of neurons in the hypothalamus that secrete ________or _______ into the bloodstream.
oxytocin, vasopressin
The hypothalamus, a brain structure involved in the regulation of body weight, sleep and sexual behavior, is a subdivision of the _______ (region of the brain).
diencephalon
The amygdala, a cerebral structure involved in the coordination of emotional responses, is located in the anterior-medial aspect of the_________ lobe.
temporal
The primary motor cortex is located in the _______ gyrus of the _______ lobe.
precentral, frontal
The primary somatosenory cortex is located in the _______ gyrus of the ____ lobe.
postcentral, parietal
The reticular activating system is located in the _________, a major brain subdivision.
brainstem
Axons projecting to and from the hippocampus, a structure critical to the formation of new memories, traverse the _________.
fornix
The corneal (blink) reflex tests the __________ function of the Vth cranial nerve and the __________ function of the VIIth cranial nerve.
sensory, motor
Epidural hematomas are typically associated with a laceration of one or more of the __________ arteries, whereas __________ hematomas are associated with tears of the superficial cerebral veins.
meningeal, subdural
The VA/VL nuclei of the thalamus are the specific relay nuclei for the __________ system involving the cerebellum and basal ganglia.
motor
The primary auditory cortex is located in the __________ lobe.
temporal
Coordination of emotional responses is the function of the __________ circuit involving the amygdala, whereas memory consolidation involves the hippocampus.
limbic
Pharyngeal __________ are covered by ectoderm and positioned between adjacent pharyngeal arches.
clefts
The mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric are both derived from the________ pharyngeal arch.
first
The stapedius muscle is a derivative of the ________ pharyngeal arch.
second
The levator palatini muscle is a derivative of the ________ pharyngeal arch.
4th
The _______ and ________ (ossicles) are both derivative of the ________ pharyngeal arch.
malleus, incus, first
The first _______, positioned adjacent to the 2nd pharyngeal cleft, contributes to the formation of the external ear.
pharyngeal cleft
The parathyroid glands and _________ are derivatives of the 3rd pharyngeal pouch.
thymus
The tongue is derived from the first, second, third and fourth ________ and myoblasts from the occipital somites.
pharyngeal arches
The secondary palate is formed by the fusion of the right and left ______ shelves.
palatine
The maxilla forms from fusion of the bilateral medial nasal processes and distal zones of the paired _______.
maxillary processes
The thyroid gland initially develops as a diverticulum at ________, a tongue structure.
foramen cecum
