File Operations Flashcards
ls
Lists files and directories in current directory (ls - list).
ls -a
Lists files, dot files and directories in current directory (-a - all.
ls dir1 dir2
Lists files in directory1 and directory2.
ls -l
Lists a long list (-l - long). permissions, number of hard links, owner, group, size, last modified and filename.
What does drwxrwxr-x means?
Position 1: - = file, d = directory, l = symbolic link, p = named pipe, c = character device, b = block device. 2-4: Read, write and execute permissions for the owner. 5-7: Group. 8-10: Other users.
ls -ld dir1
Information about directory but not about what is in the directory.
ls -lh
Prints size in a more readable format.
ls -s
Prepend the size of files.
Sort files by size.
ls -s | sort -n
ls -R
List contents in directories recursively.
cp [options] files (file|directory)
Copy one or several files.
cp -a
Copy directories recursively. Same as cp -r but preserve file attributes.
cp -r
Copy directories recursively. Same as cp -a but does not preserve file attributes.
mv [options] source target
Move. Can also be used to rename a file.
mv file1 file2
Rename file1 to file2.
mv file1 file2 dir2
Move file1 and file2 to dir2.
rm [options] files | directories
Remove.
rm -r dir1 dir2
Recursively remove dir1 and dir2.
rm -rf /
Probably you don’t want to do this.
ln [options] source target
Create symbolic (also soft or sym) and hard links. The default is a hard link.
ln -s
Create a symbolic link.
ln -d
Create a hard link to a directory.
cd
Change directory.
pwd
Prints current directory.
mkdir
Make directory.
mkdir -p
Make a directory path, e.g. mkdir -p ./dir1/dir2, now both dir1 and dir2 will be created.
