File. 6 Semantics key terms and phrases

Question 1

Semantics

Answer 1

The study of linguistic meaning.

Question 2

Lexical

Answer 2

A subfield of semantics that studies meanings of lexical expressions.

Question 3

Compositional

Answer 3

A subfield of semantics that studies the meanings of phrasal expressions and how those meanings arise given the meanings of the lexical expression they contain and how they are syntactically combined.

Question 4

Sense

Answer 4

A mental representation of an expression’s meaning

Question 5

Reference

Answer 5

A component of linguistic meaning that related the sense of some expression to entitles the outside world. The collection of all referents of an expression.

Question 6

Referents

Answer 6

An actual entity or an individual in the world to which some expression refers.

Question 7

Mental Image

Answer 7

A conception of a word’s sense as a picture in the mind of the language user that represents its meaning

Question 8

Hyponym

Answer 8

A meaning relationship between words where the reference of some word X is included in the reference of some other word Y. X is then said to be a homonym of Y, and conversely, Y is said to be a hypernym of X.

Question 9

Sister terms

Answer 9

Words that, in terms of their reference are at the dame level in the hierarchy, i.e., have exactly the same hypernyms

Question 10

Synonymy

Answer 10

A meaning relationship between words where their reference is exactly the same. For example, couch and sofa are synonyms.

Question 11

Antonymy

Answer 11

A meaning relationship between words where their meaning are in some sense opposite.

Question 12

Complementary

Answer 12

A non-subject argument of some expression

Question 13

Gradable

Answer 13

Words that are antonyms and detonate apposite ends of a scale.

Question 14

Reverses

Answer 14

Antonyms in which in the past suggests movement that “undoes” the movement suggested by the other.

Question 15

Converses

Answer 15

Antonyms in which the first word of the pair suggests a point of view opposite to that of the second word.

Question 16

Proposition

Answer 16

The sense of expressed by a sentence. Characteristically, propositions can be true or false, i.e., have truth values.

Question 17

Truth Value

Answer 17

Either true or false. The reference of a sentence.

Question 18

Truth Conditions

Answer 18

The set of conditions that would have to hold in the world in order for the proposition expressed by some sentence to be true.

Question 19

Mutual Entailment

Answer 19

The relationship between two propositions where they entail one another

Question 20

Incompatible

Answer 20

the relationship between two propositions where it is impossible for both of them to be true simultaneously/

Question 21

Principle of compositionally

Answer 21

The notion that the meaning of phrasal expression is predictable from the meanings go the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined.

Question 22

Compositional meaning

Answer 22

The meaning of a phrasal expression that is predictable from the meanings of smaller expressions it contains and how they are syntactically combined.

Question 23

Idioms

Answer 23

A multi-word lexical expression whose meaning is not compositional.

Question 24

Entailment

Answer 24

A relationship between proposition where a proposition p is said to entail another proposition q just in case if p is true, q has tone true as well.

Question 25

Pure intersection

Answer 25

The relationship between the reference of an adjective and a noun it modifies such that each picks out a particular group of things, and the reference of the resulting phrase is all of the things that are in both the reference set of the adjective and the reference set of the noun.

Question 26

Intersective adjectives

Answer 26

An adjective whose reference is determined independently from the reference of the noun that it modifies.

Question 27

relative intersection

Answer 27

Type of relationship between adjective and noun reference where the reference of the adjective is determined relative to the noun reference.

Question 28

Subsective Adjectives

Answer 28

An adjective whose reference is included in the set of things that the noun modifies refers to.

Question 29

non-intersection

Answer 29

An adjective whose reference is a subset of the set that the noun it modifies refers to, but that does not, in and of itself, refer to any particular set of things.

Question 30

Anti-intersection adjectives

Answer 30

An adjective whose referents are not in the set referred to by the noun that it modifies.