File 5 Syntax Vocabulary

Question 1

Linguistic expressions

Answer 1

A piece of language with a form, a meaning, and syntactic properties

Question 2

ungrammatical

Answer 2

Not in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules of some language, especially syntactic rule. When some phrasal expression is not constructed in accordance with the syntactic rules of language, we say it is ungrammatical or syntactically ill-formed

Question 3

grammaticality judgment

Answer 3

An instance of a native speaker of some language deciding whether some string of words corresponds to a syntactically well-formed of grammatical phrasal expression in their native language.

Question 4

subject

Answer 4

An expression, typically a noun phrase in an English sentence.

Question 5

object

Answer 5

A noun phrase that usually occurs immediately to the right of the verb in English. A noun phrase complement

Question 6

principle of compositionally

Answer 6

The notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from the meanings of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined

Question 7

lexical expressions

Answer 7

A linguistic expression that has to be listed in the mental lexicon, e.g., single word expressions and idioms

Question 8

phrasal expressions

Answer 8

A linguistic expression that results from the syntactic combination of smaller expressions. a multiword linguistic expression. A sentence is a special kind of phrasal expression.

Question 9

syntactic properties

Answer 9

Properties of linguistic expressions that dictate how they can syntactically combine with other expressions, namely, word order and co-occurance properties

Question 10

word order

Answer 10

The linear order in which words can occur in some phrasal expressions. Also, the set of syntactic properties of properties of expressions that dictates how they can be ordered with respect to other expressions.

Question 11

topicalized

Answer 11

A syntactic process by which a syntactic constituent occurs at the beginning of a sentence in order to highlight the topic under discussion

Question 12

arguments

Answer 12

A linguistic expression that must occur in a sentence if some other expression occur in a sentence if some other expression occurs in that sentence as well. if the occurrence of an expression X in a sentence requires the occurrence of an expression Y in that sentence, we say that Y is in argument of X

Question 13

complements

Answer 13

A noun-subject argument of some expression

Question 14

adjuncts

Answer 14

A linguistic expression whose occurrence in a sentence is optional; also called a modifier

Question 15

modifiers

Answer 15

A linguistic expression whose occurrence in a sentence is optional

Question 16

agreement

Answer 16

the phenomenon by which certain expression in a sentence must be inflectionally marked for the same person, number, gender etc.

Question 17

syntax

Answer 17

A component of mental grammar that deals with constructing phrasal expressions out of smaller expressions. Also a name for the subfield of linguistics that studies how expressions can combine to form larger expressions

Question 18

syntactic constituent

Answer 18

A group of linguistic expressions that function as a syntactic unit within some larger expression; the smaller expressions out of which some larger phrasal expression was constructed in accordance with the phrase structure rules.

Question 19

cleft

Answer 19

A type of sentence that has the general form it is/was X that Y, e.g., it was sally that I wanted to meet. can be used in a constituency test

Question 20

substitution

Answer 20

In syntax. a constituency test that involves replacing a constituent with a single word such as a pro-form. In language processing, a production error in which on unit is replaced with another.

Question 21

pro-forms

Answer 21

A pronoun that can replace a syntactic constituent.

Question 22

syntactic categories

Answer 22

A group of expressions that have very Similar syntactic properties. All expressions that belong to the same syntactic category have more or less the same syntactic distribution

Question 23

syntactic distribution

Answer 23

Refers to the set of syntactic environments in which an expression can occur. if two expressions are interchangeable in all syntactic environments, we say that they have the same syntactic distribution and therefore belong to the same syntactic category.

Question 24

noun phrases

Answer 24

The name of a syntactic category that consists of proper names, pronouns, and all other expressions with the same syntactic distribution.

Question 25

determiners

Answer 25

The name of a lexical category and syntactic category that consists of those expressions such as the, a, this, all, etc. Syntactically, consists of those expressions that when combined with an expression of category noun to their right result in an expression of category noun phrase.

Question 26

mass nouns

Answer 26

In simple terms, a noun that can not be counted and cannot be pluralized.

Question 27

verb phrases

Answer 27

The name of syntactic category that consists of all expressions that, if combined with a noun phrase to their left, result in a sentence

Question 28

sentence

Answer 28

A syntactic category that consists of all phrasal expressions that can grammatically occur in sally thinks that,

Question 29

transitive verbs

Answer 29

The name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with an expression of category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase; a verb phrase that needs their noun phrase complement

Question 30

Adjective

Answer 30

The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category. Morphologically, consists of words to which of the comparative suffixer or the suffix-ness can be added. syntactically, the category consists of those expressions that can be noun adjuncts or occur in between a determiner and a noun

Question 31

VP adjuncts

Answer 31

A kind of adjunct that combines with an expression of the syntactic category verb phrase with the resulting expression also being of category verb phrase

Question 32

N adjuncts

Answer 32

A kind of adjunct that combines with an expression of syntactic category noun phrase with the resulting expression also being of category noun.

Question 33

prepositional phrase

Answer 33

The name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that contain a preposition and noun phrase. Can be verb phrase adjuncts or noun adjuncts.

Question 34

preposition

Answer 34

The name of a lexical category and syntactic category that consists of expressions such as of, in, for, with, etc, syntactically, this category consists of those expressions that when combined with an expression of category, prepositional phrase

Question 35

phrase structure rules

Answer 35

S —> NP VP

Question 36

ambiguous

Answer 36

The phenomenon by which a single linguistic form can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression. the form that id shared by more than one expression is said to be ambiguous.

Question 37

lexical ambiguity

Answer 37

The phenomenon where a single word is the form of two or more distinct linguistic expressions that differ in meaning or syntactic properties.

Question 38

homophony

Answer 38

The phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or non phrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form

Question 39

structural ambiguity

Answer 39

The phenomenon where a single string of words is the form of more than one distinct phrasal expression arises because the same expressions can combine differently syntactically, result in distinct phrases that happen to have the same form.

Question 40

adverb

Answer 40

The name of a lexical category and syntactic category that consists of expressions such as quickly, well, furiously, etc. syntactically, adverbs can be verb phrase adjuncts.