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Parasitology > Filaria Nematodes > Flashcards

Filaria Nematodes Flashcards

1
Q

The second leading cause of permanent and long term disability affecting both physical and psychological aspects of the victim

A

Lymphatic Filariasis

*One of the most debilitating diseases plaguing many tropical countries

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2
Q

Give the lymphatic filarial worms

A

Wuchereria bancrofti
Brugia malayi
* Brugia timori

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3
Q

Appearance of microfilariae

A

Graceful, minute snake-like appearance

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4
Q

True / False:

Adult females of B. malayi and W. bancrofti are distinguishable from each other

A

False. B. malayi and W. bancrofti adult females are indistinguishable from each other
*They can be distinguished through their microfilaria

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5
Q

Mosquito vectors of W. bancrofti

A

Aedes - in Pacific region
Culex - in Urban areas
Anopheles - Rural areas

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6
Q

The main vector of W. bancrofti and Malaria in the Philippines

A

Anopheles minimus var. flavirostris

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7
Q

Vector of B. malayi in the Philippines

A

Mansonia bonnae - in freshwater swamps
Mansonia uniformis - in ricefields

  • Aedes, Anopheles
  • Coquillettida
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8
Q

The infective stage of filaria to the mosquito & humans

A

Mosquitos: Microfilariae
Humans: L3 larva

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9
Q

Characteristic uterus of W. bancrofti and B. malayi females

A

Double-barrel uterus

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10
Q

Clinical spectrum of lymphatic filariasis

A
  1. ADLA (Acute dermatolymphangioadenitis)
  2. ADL (Adenolymphangitis)
  3. AFL (Acute filarial lymphangitis ) –> palpable cord
  4. Lymphaedema & Elephantiasis
  5. Genitourinary lesions (hydrocele) –> enlargement of testes and milky urine
  6. Tropical pulmonary eosinophila
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11
Q

Brugia malayi can selectively induce _ lymphocyte apoptosis which may contribute to immune unresponsiveness to filariasis

A

CD4+ lymphocytes

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12
Q

Endemic normals

A

Patients who harbor the parasite antigen instead of the microfilaria

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13
Q

The most common manifestation of Lymphatic filariasis

A

ADLA (Acute dermatolymphangioadenitis)

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14
Q

Bacteria most frequently associated with ADLA

A

Group A streptococcus

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15
Q

Expatriate syndrome

A

Individuals who grew outside the endemic regions of filarial parasites then migrated to it (char. by immune hyper-responsiveness)

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16
Q

Dreyer’s staging for chronic lymphedema

A 
1- Reversible swelling  when lying in bed 
2- Irreversible swelling 
3- Shallow skin folds 
4- Knobs 
5-Deep skin folds 
6-Mossy lesions
7- Cannot perform daily tasks
17
Q

Wolbachia

A

Produced by dying filarial worms

18
Q

Time of collecting the sample for the thick blood smear to test lymphatic filariasis

A

Between 8pm-4am

*Due to the nocturnal periodicity of W. bancrofti

19
Q

In cases of low detection of microfilariae, this concentration test may be used

A

Knott’s method

20
Q

Cephalic space of W. bancrofti vs. Brugia malayi

A

Wuchereria: 1:1

Brugia : 1:2

21
Q

The gold standard for the detection of lymphatic filariasis

A

CFA (Circulating filarial antigens)

* DEC = drug of choice for lymphatic filariasis

22
Q

Meyer’s Kouwenar Syndrome

A

Presence of microfilaria in the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes

23
Q

Weingarten’s Syndrome / Typical Pulmonary Eosinophilia

A

Presence of paroxysmal nocturnal cough, hypereosinophilia and lung impairment

24
Q

The definitive host of W. bancrofti & Brugia malayi

A

Humans

25
Q

Onchocerca volvulus is otherwise known as

A

River blindness worm

26
Q

Vector for Onchocerca

A

Simulium spp. (Buffalo gnat or the black fly)

27
Q

Clinical manifestations for O. volvulus

A
  1. Lizard/leopard skin
  2. Hanging groin
  3. Sowda
28
Q

Responsible for Calabar/ Fugitive swelling

A

Loa loa

29
Q

Differece in elephantiasis between B. malayi and W. bancrofti

A

W. bancrofti - lower extremeties

B. malayi - upper extremeties

30
Q

Disease caused by O. volvulus

A

River blindness

31
Q

Mode of transmission for all filarial worms

A

Bite of an infected arthropod

32
Q

Lab diagnosis for filarial worms

A
  1. Giemsa-stained smear

2. Knott’s concentration technique

33
Q

Loa loa is also known as _

A

Eye worm

34
Q

Onchocerca volvulus is otherwise known as

A

Blinding worm

35
Q

Vectors of Loa loa

A

Mango fly, fruit fly, chrysops

36
Q

Vectors of Mansonella

A

Cullicoides / Midge

37
Q

Mansonella streptocerca characteristic filarial worm

A

Sheperd’s crook

38
Q

Dog heartworm

A

Dirofilaria immitis

* produces coin lesions in lungs

Parasitology (10 decks)

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