Figures and Movements

Question 1

Benedict

Answer 1

Date: 540 AD
- Wrote Rule of Benedict. Rule for monks

Question 2

Dominicans

Answer 2

• Known as the “Black Friars”
• More teaching group than contemplative group. Aquinas comes from Dominicans.

Question 3

Franciscans

Answer 3

Date: Formed around 1200
9
- Founded by St. Francis of Assisi.
- Corporate and Individual Poverty

Question 4

Augustinians

Answer 4

• Monastic group that followed the Rule of Augustine.
• Martin Luther was an Augustinian Monk

Question 5

Benedictines

Answer 5

Dates: Founded in the 6th Century
- Lots of wealth for a monastic order

Question 6

Scholasticism

Answer 6

Method in philosophy and theology with an emphasis on logic - often using Aristotelian categories. Aquinas is seen as the chief representative of this in the church, though there are a number of Reformed Scholastics in the 16th-17th century

Question 7

Aquinas

Answer 7

Dates: 1224-1274 AD
- Dominican theologian, most popular for the Summa
- Influenced by Aristotle, but did not go with him wholesale
- Believed reason comes from God, and believed Christianity can be shown to be reasonable
- Believed that there are limits to reason. Some things only by faith in special revelation…
- Human nature sick, not exactly dead. Need medicinal grace.

Question 8

Anselm of Canterbury

Answer 8

Dates: 1033-1109 AD
- Wrote Cur Deus Homo in 1098 AD… Satisfaction theory of the atonement. Cross as something fitting to God
- Popular for ontological argument for God’s existence (God is that than which nothing greater can be conceived)

Question 9

Peter Abelard

Answer 9

Dates: 1079-1142 AD
- A rationalist like thinker. Authority starts with the self

Question 10

Peter Lombard

Answer 10

Dates: 1100-1160 AD
- Writer of “The Sentences”, which synthesized much of what came before in theology.
- This book was the standard for years to come.

Question 11

Ad Fontes

Answer 11

Going back to the sources. Renaissance wanted to go back to the original Greek and Latin sources. Reformers use form of the Renaissance, but not its substance

Question 12

Martin Luther

Answer 12

Dates: 1483-1546
- Augustinian Monk responsible for Reformation.
- 95 Theses on October 31, 1517
- Heidelberg Disputation in 1518.

Question 13

Philip Melancthon

Answer 13

Dates: 1497-1560
- Reformer along with Luther who wrote the Augsburg Confession in 1530
- Influential in arguing for Justification by faith
- Helped to form Lutheran view of the Supper

Question 14

Zwingli

Answer 14

Date: 1484-1531
- Swiss Reformer in Zurich
- Developed a deeper version of Covenant theology
- Rejected consubstantiation for a memorialist view

Question 15

John Knox

Answer 15

16th Century Scottish Reformed
- Exiled from Scotland under Bloody Mary and went to Geneva.
- Returned in 1559 to help reform the Scottish church.

Question 16

Marburg Colloquy

Answer 16

Date: 1529
- Luther met with Zwingli to discuss the presence of Christ in the Supper.
- Disagreed about the presence. Set Reformed and Lutherans on a different trajectory

Question 17

John Calvin

Answer 17

Dates: 1509-1564
- French Reformer in Geneva, Switzerland
- Joined Geneva in 1536, but then exiled to Strasbourg from 1538-41 before returning to Geneva again in 1541
- Wrote Institutes

Question 18

Anabaptists

Answer 18

• Diverse movement during the time of the Reformation, but rejected Infant baptism
• Often Mystics and Moralists
• Often Social Radicals

Question 19

Counter Reformation

Answer 19

A movement of moral and structural changes in the Catholic church as a semi-response to the Reformation

Question 20

Jacob Arminius

Answer 20

Dates: 1560-1609
- Dutch Theologian.
- Rejects Augustianian views
- Denies election. God elects conditions…
- Denies Federal Theology

Question 21

Gregory the Great

Answer 21

Last of the Latin Fathers (540-604)
- Elevated purgatory

Question 21

Bernard of Clairvaux

Answer 21

Dates: 12th century
- Reformer of Benedictine Monasticism
- Opposed Peter Abelard
- Followed Augustinian tradition

Question 22

Remonstrants

Answer 22

Group in Holland who followed Arminius. Synod of Dordt written in response to the Remonstrants.

Question 22

Francis of Assisi

Answer 22

13th century figure
- Founder of the Franciscans, a group dedicated to poverty

Question 22

John Wycliffe

Answer 22

• 14th century English pre(Reformer)
• Scripture as the final authority.
• Translated Bible into English from Latin
• Followers were known as the Lollards

Question 23

John Hus

Answer 23

(1372-1415)
- Martyred.
- Many similar views to Wycliffe

Question 24

William Tyndale

Answer 24

1490-1536
- Translation of Bible into English from Greek to Hebrew
- Martyred