Figurative Language Flashcards

Vocabulary Terms

1
Q

Allusion

A

An indirect reference to something (usually a literary text, although it can be other things commonly known, such as plays, songs, historical events) with which the reader is supposed to be familiar.

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2
Q

Alliteration

A

The repetition os usually initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words or syllables: “mass murder” “deliberate and deadly”

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3
Q

Anaphora

A

Repetition of a word or expression at the beginning of successful phrases, clauses, sentences, or verses especially for rhetorical or poetic effect

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4
Q

Anecdote

A

A brief recounting of a revenant episode. Anecdotes are often inserted into fictional or non fiction texts as a way of developing a point of injecting humor

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5
Q

Antecedent

A

The noun(s) a pronoun refers to “Alexandra broke HER leg”

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6
Q

Antithhesis

A

Parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas “best of times, worst of times”

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7
Q

Apostrophe

A

The device of calling out to an imaginary, dead, or absent person OR to a place, thing, or personified abstraction; usually notes by the use of “O!” Or “Oh!” At the start of a sentence.

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8
Q

Appositive

A

A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun. “My neighbor, Uncle Seymour, has a …”

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9
Q

Asyndeton

A

the omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence. (And, but, or, nor, for, yet, so) “I came. I saw. I conquered.” - and is missing

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10
Q

Chiasmus

A

an inverted relationship between the syntactic elements of parallel phrases. “Working hard or hardly working?”

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11
Q

Colloquialism

A

An informal or conversational use of language. “Gonna wanna”

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12
Q

Commonplace

A

A statement or bit of knowledge that is commonly shared by members of an audience or a community. “Segregation is wrong”

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13
Q

Compare/Contrast

A

Discussing the similarities and differences between two things to some persuasive or illustrative purpose. “Hybrid cars can have a much smaller… than tradition vehicles”

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14
Q

Concession

A

Acknowledging another’s argument, and using it to your advantage

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15
Q

Connotation

A

That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word’s literal meaning “Cheap, inexpensive”

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16
Q

Definition

A

A statement explaining what a term means

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16
Q

Deductive logic

A

Uses a commonplace to reach a conclusion, interpreting the circumstances through a lens of beliefs and values “All men are mortal. Joe is a man. Joe is moral”.

17
Q

Denotation

A

The literal meaning of a work; its dictionary definition

18
Q

Ethos

A

Focuses attentions on the writer’s or speaker’s trustworthiness: appeals to character and credibility

19
Q

Hypophora

A

A figure of speech in which the speaker poses a question and then answers the question

20
Q

Imagery

A

Words that create a picture in the reader’s mind. Usually this involves the five sense. Authors often use imagery in conjunction with metaphors, similes, or figures of speech.

21
Q

Induction

A

Reasoning from specific to general; may or may not be factually true

22
Q

Inversion

A

Sentence in which the verb precedes the subject; the reversal of normal word order in a sentence of phrase “Down the field ran the football player”

23
Q

Juxtaposition

A

Placing things side by side for the purpose of comparison and emphasis; can bring out difference or unexpected similarities “best of times, worst of times”

24
Q

Logos

A

The appeal to logic; when an author makes clear, logical connections between ideas and includes the use of facts and statistics; and author may also use historical and literal analogies to make a logical argument

25
Q

Metaphor

A

a figure of speech in which a word or phrase literally denoting one kind of object or idea is used in place of another to suggest a likeness or analogy between them

26
Q

Negative/Positive Connotation

A

Rather than the dictionary definition (denotation), the associations suggested by a word. Implied meaning rather than literal meaning.

27
Q

Parallel Structure

A

Sentence construction which places equal grammatical constructions near each other, or repeats identical grammatical patterns. Same as Parallelism

28
Q

Pathos

A

Argument by emotion, can cause a mod change, make an audience more receptive to one’s logic, or give an audience commitment to one’s goal.

29
Q

Patriotism

A

An emotional appeal/appeals to the audience’s love of country, persuading them to act by implying they are treasonous if they choose not to

30
Q

Personification

A

Attributing human qualities to something that is not human

31
Q

Point of View

A

the angle of considering things, which shows us the opinion, or feelings of the individuals involved in a situation

32
Q

Polemic

A

An argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion; polemical texts rely upon pathos more than any other appeal; often concern religion and politics

33
Q

Polysyndeton

A

repetition of conjunctions in close succession (and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so)

34
Q

Quotes

A

The repetition of a sentence, phrase, or passage from speech or text that someone has said or written

35
Q

Repetition

A

Re-using a word or phrase repeatedly for effect or emphasis

36
Q

Rhetorical Questions

A

To ask a question of an audience to engage them without having a response from the audience

37
Q

Simile

A

A figure of speech comparing two unlike things that is often introduced by like or as

38
Q

Statistics

A

A fact or piece of data from a study or of a large quantity of numerical data

39
Q

Straw Man

A

A logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, then attacking a opponent’s position