Fighting Infection and disease

Question 1

What does anti-biotics treat?

Answer 1

Bacterial diseases

Question 2

What the the first anti-biotic to be discovered?

Answer 2

Penicillin

Question 3

What does digoxin treat?

Answer 3

Patients with a heart disease

Question 4

What is a vaccine?

Answer 4

Injection of dead or inactive pathogens

Question 5

What becomes activated during a vaccine?

Answer 5

T and B cells

Question 6

What do T and B cells produce?

Answer 6

Anti-bodies

Question 7

Why are memory cells good?

Answer 7

They remember the pathogen, and the immune system can fight off quick, when the real thing comes

Question 8

Name two advantages of vaccines

Answer 8

Control the spread of disease and prevent epidermis from happening

Question 9

Heard immunity mean infection is…

Answer 9

Less likely to spread to those who aren’t immune

Question 10

How does the stomach prevent pathogens from entering?

Answer 10

Has hCl, which kills the pathogen

Question 11

Three Ways pathogens are prevented from entering the body

Answer 11

Eyes,nose,skin,stomach,mouth and ears

Question 12

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 12

Phagocytes engulf the pathogen and digests them with enzymes

Question 13

What do antibodies do to the antigen?

Answer 13

Disable them

Question 14

What are white blood cells also known as?

Answer 14

Lymphocytes

Question 15

What do anti-toxins do to the toxins?

Answer 15

Neutralise them

Question 16

Where is aspirin from?

Answer 16

The bark of a willow tree

Question 17

What do anti-biotics do to the cell?

Answer 17

Rupture the cell wall

Question 18

What is penicillin from?

Answer 18

The mold penicillium

Question 19

Why is it important to finish a full course of antibiotics?

Answer 19

To prevent resistant strains from developing

Question 20

Why is drug testing important?

Answer 20

To see the dangers, dosage and efficacy

Question 21

Name 2 materials a drug is tested on?

Answer 21

Tissues and organs

Question 22

How many stages is there in drug testing?

Answer 22

3

Question 23

What animals are being drug tested on?

Answer 23

Flies,zebra fish and mice

Question 24

Why use those animals?

Answer 24

Reproduce quickly

Question 25

Why must the drug be tested on a volenteer?

Answer 25

So they can give consent, ethical

Question 26

What are monoclonal antibodies?

Answer 26

A single white blood cell cloned to make the same type of antibody

Question 27

Where is the mouse are the white blood cells from?

Answer 27

The spleen

Question 28

The tumour and white blood cell are ___________ together. What’s the missing word?

Answer 28

Fused

Question 29

2 uses of mabs?

Answer 29

Treatment for cancer and pregnancy tests

Question 30

2 dangers of mabs?

Answer 30

Antigen variation and allergic reactions

Question 31

Independent variable for growing bacteria practical?

Answer 31

Type of antiseptic

Question 32

Dependent variable for growing bacteria practical?

Answer 32

Area of inhibition

Question 33

Control variable for growing bacteria practical?

Answer 33

Volume of broth or number of discs

Question 34

1st step of growing bacteria practical?

Answer 34

Collect a Petri dish filled with ajar jelly

Question 35

Last step of growing bacteria practical?

Answer 35

Store at 25 degrees Celsius

Question 36

Why do we store bacterial broth at 25 degrees

Answer 36

To prevent growth of heat resistant bacteria

Question 37

How to sterilise the inoculating loop?

Answer 37

Pass through a flame

Question 38

Why do we turn the Petri dish upside down before storage?

Answer 38

Prevents condensation from dripping on to the lid

Question 39

Why do we use a lid on the Petri dish?

Answer 39

Prevent contamination with air borne microbes

Question 40

Why do we use agar jelly?

Answer 40

Nutrients source for bacteria

Question 41

What does it mean to be aseptic?

Answer 41

Equipment must be cleaned to prevent contamination