Fighting Disease 19th/20th Cen

Question 1

1800’s Main Beliefs of Disease

Answer 1

Supernatural- unpopular
Miasma
Microscopes- Developed

Question 2

Inoculation/Vaccination

Answer 2

18th Cen- Small Pox- Common/Lethal
Inoculation- Prevented
England- Lady Mary Wortly Montague- Turkey
Pus- Scab= Immunity (No Expla)

Question 3

Edward Jenner- Vaccination

Answer 3

EJ- Vaccination= Safer 
Doc- Gloucestershire
Dairy Maids caught CP= Immune to SP
Royal Society= Experiment= Connection 
James Phillip injected with SP+CP= Survived

Question 4

EJ Impact

Answer 4

Methods- Successful–> Affected peoples Lives
1798- Published
1802- 30K
1803-USA
1807- Money
1857- Compulsory
Significant- Injecting one disease prevent another

Question 5

EJ Debate

Answer 5

Doctors Inoculated- Lost Business 
Not Respected- No Evidence 
                         -Royal Soc- Not Publish 
Religious- Animal disease 
Not Gov Role

Question 6

Pasteur

Answer 6

57- Pasteur (France)- Wine Processors- Alcohol= Sour 
Microscope-Germs- Sour (Milk & Beer)
Pasteurization- Killed Germs (Heat)
Germs caused problems- Link 
61- Published 
64-Proved

Question 7

Koch

Answer 7

Studied/Read Pasteur work 
72- Dye- Identify Germ 
Identified Germs for 
72- Anthrax 
82- Tuberculosis 
83- Cholera

Question 8

Developments in Drug/Vaccine

Answer 8

Past- Accidental 
Experiment- Chicken Cholera 
Kochs Method- Injected Chickens- Died 
Germs- Exposed to air 
Chickens Survived
81- Anthrax Vaccine 
82- Human Rabies

Question 9

Koch & Erlich- Magic Bullets

Answer 9

Magic Bullet- Killed Germs
1909- Paul Ehlrich- Chemical Compound- killed Germs
1911- Magic Bullets
Gerhard Domagk- Blood Poisoning

Question 10

Penicillin

Answer 10

Stage 1
1928- Treatment of Infection
Holiday- Penicillin grew- Mold Killed Germs
Antideptic+ Wrote Findings

Stage 2
Howard Florey + Ernst Chain
Mold- Antibiotic
Worked on AMIMALS + HUMAN Trail

Stage 3
Mass Produced
1942- Fleming + Meningitis

Question 11

Hospitals 1800/1900

Answer 11

1800: Die
Cramped/No Air
Nurses- Not Trained
Few Toilets

1900- Floerance Nightingale
Sanitation
Methods Across UK

Question 12

Floerance + Seacole

Answer 12

Improved Hospital Care

Seacole- Prejudice

Question 13

Mary Seacole 1805-1881

Answer 13

Background- Kingston, Jamaica. Dad- Scottish. Mother- Free Slave—> Boarding House
Trained- Mother
Experience- 1850 Cholera, Kingston

Question 14

Mary Seacole P2

Answer 14

Ended up In Crimea- Cholera, London, Refused, Traveled
What She Did - British Hotel/ Treated on Field
Returned: Bankrupt/ The Times & Punch- Raised
Other- Treated gun shot wounds. Autopsy- Panama

Question 15

Floerance Nightingale 1820- 1910

Answer 15

Background- Rich Family–> Opposed Nursing
Trained- Germany
Experience: Superintendent
Ended Up: The Times

Question 16

Floerance Nightingale P2

Answer 16

What she did- Docs Opposed–> Clean (Scuatri)
Death Rates- Decreased
Returned: Notes on Nursing. St Thom Hos- School
Order of Merit- 1907
Other: Accept Miasma, Not Germ Theory

Question 17

Battle Against Infectious/Non Infectious

Answer 17

20th Cen- Non Infc- Killers
Lifestyle- Cause
Early Diagnosis
Palliative Care