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9 GEOGRAPHY > *Fieldwork (Paper 3) > Flashcards

*Fieldwork (Paper 3) Flashcards

This deck includes questions based on the unfamiliar fieldwork element of paper 3. Paper 3 will also test you on the pre-release material which is not covered in these Brainscape decks.

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
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1
Q

Identify the 6 stages in a geographical enquiry

A
  1. Question / hypothesis
  2. Data collection
  3. Data presentation
  4. Analysis of data
  5. Concluding
  6. Evaluating
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2
Q

What are the features of a good enquiry question?

A
  • It should be closely linked to your chosen topic of study
  • The question is not too broad or too specific
  • The question may have a series of sub-questions that will focus your data collection
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3
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

A statement of what you think you will find.

e.g. ‘The more visitors in a location, the more traffic that will be found’

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4
Q

Name the two different types of data that you can collect to help you answer your enquiry question?

A
  • Primary data
  • Secondary data
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5
Q

What is primary data? Give an example

A

Data you have collected yourself or as a group e.g. traffic count

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6
Q

What is secondary data? Give an example

A

Information that someone else has collected, that helps you answer your question. e.g. newspaper article, data collected by an agency

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7
Q

What is a risk assessment?

A

An assessment of the potential hazards and risks that you may be exposed to when carrying out your data collection e.g. crossing roads, speaking to members of the public, entering a river

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8
Q

Give an example of how you might minimise some risks when carrying out fieldwork

A
  • Always stay in groups
  • Carry a map to ensure you do not get lost
  • Wearing sensible footwear
  • Using relevant safety equipment
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9
Q

What is meant by ‘data collection’?

A

Gathering information that will help you answer your enquiry question. This can be in number form or a verbal (written) format.

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10
Q

What is meant by ‘sample size’?

A

The amount of data sets you will be collecting.

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11
Q

How does sample size affect the reliability of your data?

A

A bigger or more regular sample will improve reliability as you will be able to see if any data stands out / has happened by chance (anomalies)

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12
Q

How can you ensure that the data you collect is accurate?

A
  • Take more than one reading and take an average
  • Check equipment before it is used to make sure it works
  • Get more than one student to record the information
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13
Q

What is quantitative data?

A

Data in numerical form (numbers)

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14
Q

What is qualitative data?

A

Data in word form

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15
Q

What are the advantages of collecting quantitative data?

A
  • It can be manipulated and turned into averages / percentages to make analysis easier
  • More objective than qualitative
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16
Q

What are the disadvantages of collecting qualitative data?

A

Time consuming to collect Information gathered can be subjective (opinion based)

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17
Q

What is a random sample?

A

Randomly choosing a person to take part in a survey, or picking up a random pebble on the beach.

18
Q

What is a systematic sample?

A

Coming up with a system that will help you pick your data e.g. choosing every 10th person to take part in a survey or choosing pebbles from the beach at 5m intervals

19
Q

What is a stratified sample?

A

Creating a sample that is representative of a population. e.g. finding out the proportion of each age group of people that visit a shop, then asking the same proportion of ages in your survey

20
Q

How should you choose your fieldwork location?

A
  • Somewhere that is safe
  • A nearby / easy to reach area for each of access
  • A site / location where you can investigate your chosen topic e.g. a beach that has groynes will be suitable for coastal management fieldwork
21
Q

How can you record data collected?

A
  • In a tally chart
  • In a table
  • Using a camera to take photographs
  • Field sketches
22
Q

Identify some qualitative data collection methods

A
  • Survey / questionnaire
  • Interview
  • Photographing the area
23
Q

Identify some quantitative fieldwork data collection

A
  • Traffic count
  • Pedestrian count
  • Timing velocity
  • Measuring distances
24
Q

Identify some methods of data presentation

A
  • Graphs/ charts (line, pie, bar, scatter)
  • Maps (proportional symbols, located pie/bar charts, choropleth)
  • Tables (tally, raw data)
  • Aerial photos
  • Annotated photos
  • GIS
  • Field sketches
25
Q

What do you have to consider when presentating your data accurately?

A
  • Whether the data is continuous or discrete data
  • Whether raw data or percentages is more useful
  • Does data need to be compared by location?
26
Q

What is continuous data?

A

Data that does not need to fit into certain values e.g. heights

27
Q

What is discrete data?

A

Data that fits into particular categories e.g. number of students in a class

28
Q

What is GIS?

A

Geographical Information System

29
Q

What is data analysis?

A

Making sense of the data and looking for patterns and anomalies

30
Q

What is an anomaly?

A

Data that stands out / does not fit the pattern

31
Q

How can you analyse quantitative data?

A
  • Make averages
  • Find percentages
  • Look at ranges / median / modal data
32
Q

How can you analyse qualitative data?

A
  • Coding - highlight common themes in data
  • Annotate information
  • Look for common words or phrases
  • Turn it into quantitative by counting verbal responses
  • Use a statistical test
33
Q

What is a conclusion?

A

A summary of your findings in line with your initial enquiry question

34
Q

What should your conclusion include?

A
  • Key findings from your data
  • An explanation of what you found out
  • Decision as to whether you can prove or disprove your hypothesis
35
Q

What is an evaluation?

A

A critique of what went well in your investigation and what you would do differently

36
Q

What does validity mean?

A

Did your enquiry test what it set out to test?

37
Q

What does reliability mean?

A

Are your results consistent? Would you get the same results if you repeated your survey?

38
Q

What aspects of your enquiry might affect the quality, reliability and validity of your results?

A
  • Sample size
  • Equipment used
  • Time collection was carried out
  • Location
  • Type of data used (source of secondary data)
  • Sampling method
  • Frequency of sample
39
Q

How could you reduce anomalies in data?

A
  • Take multiple readings and take an average
  • Carry out tests in multiple sites
  • Check equipment before use
40
Q

What factors might limit the data you have collected?

A
  • Time data was collected
  • Limited range of sites used
  • Data collection methods used

9 GEOGRAPHY (14 decks)

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