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Psychology > Field Methods > Flashcards

Field Methods Flashcards

Midterms

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1
Q

a process of systematic inquiry that entails collection of data; documentation of critical information; and analysis and interpretation of that data information in accordance with suitable methodologies

A

research

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2
Q

engage in reflective thinking and investigate things, situations and problems around them

A

intellectual curiosity

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3
Q

begins once the intellectual curiosity ends

A

prudence

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4
Q

new, unique, and original

A

creativity

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5
Q

must be inventive and innovative

A

inventiveness

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6
Q

have a return of investment by applying the invest-harvest principle

A

productivity

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7
Q

conducted to explore a group of questions; answers and analytics may not offer a conclusion to the perceived problem

A

exploratory

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8
Q

or causal research is conducted to understand the impact of certain changes in existing standard procedures

A

explanatory

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9
Q

focuses on expanding knowledge on current issues through a process of data collection. It is used to describe the behavior of a sample population

A

descriptive

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10
Q

also called fundamental research or pure research; aims to discover basic truths or principles

A

basic research

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11
Q

seeking new application of scientific knowledge of developing a new system or procedure

A

applied research

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12
Q

a decision-oriented research involving the application of scientific-methods in response to an immediate need to improve existing practices

A

developmental research

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13
Q

unique form of applied research and a reflective process of progressive problem solving; also called practitioner research

A

action research

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14
Q

uses scientific sampling and questionnaire design to measure characteristics of the populations with statistical precision

A

survey research

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15
Q

also known as program evaluation; refers to research purpose instead of a specific method

A

evaluation research

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16
Q

numerical representation and manipulation of observations for the purpose of describing and explaining the phenomena that those observations reflect

A

quantitative research

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17
Q

a study that strictly adheres to a scientific research design; includes a hypothesis, a variable that can be manipulated and can be measured, calculated, and compared

A

experimental research

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18
Q

attempts to determine how related two or more variables are; degree of relation is expresses as a correlation coefficient

A

correlational research

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19
Q

attempts to identify a cause-effect relationship between two or more groups

A

causal-comparative research

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20
Q

type of scientific research that seeks answer to a question and systematically uses a predefined set of procedures to answer the questions

A

qualitative research

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21
Q

systematically methodology that has been largely, but not exclusively applied to qualitative research conducted by social scientist

A

grounded theory

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22
Q

applied in social sciences; seeks transformative change through the simultaneous process of taking action and doing research which are linked together by critical reflection

A

action research

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22
Q

helps us to understand the meaning of people’s lived experiences. it explores what people experienced and focuses on their experience of a phenomena

A

phenomenological research

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22
Q

term that subsumes a group of approaches that in turn rely on the written or spoken words or visual representation of individuals

A

narrative research

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23
Q

detailed study of specific subject

A

case study

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23
Q

collecting existing data in the form of text, images, audio or video recording, etc.

A

secondary research

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24
Q

recording what have seen heard or encountered in detailed field notes

A

observation

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24
Q

personally asking people questions in one-on-one conversations

A

interviews

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24
Q

asking questions and generating discussion among people or group

A

focus groups

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24
Q

distributing questionnaire with open-ended questions

A

surveys

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24
Q

can take the form of texts, photos, videos, and audio

A

qualitative data analysis

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24
Q

defined as a sampling technique in which the researchers chooses samples from a larger population using a method based on the theory of probability

A

probability sampling method

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24
Q

each individual is chosen entirely by chance and each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected

A

simple random sampling

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24
Q

individuals are selected at regular intervals from the sampling frame

A

systematic sampling

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24
Q

selected based on availability and willingness to take part

A

convenience sampling

24
Q

the population is first divided into subgroups (or strata) who all share a similar characteristics; it is used when we might reasonably expect the measurement of interest to vary between the different subgroups and we want to ensure representation from all the subgroups

A

stratified sampling

24
Q

subgroups of the population are used as the sampling unit, rather than individuals, randomly selected

A

clustered sampling

25
Q

method of sampling is often used by market researchers

A

quota sampling

25
Q

known as selected or subjective sampling; this technique relies on the judgement of the researchers when choosing who to ask to participate

A

judgement (or purposive) sampling

25
Q

commonly used in social sciences when investigating hard-to-reach groups

A

snowball sampling

25
Q

non-probability sampling method that is very similar to convenience sampling with a slight variation

A

consecutive sampling

25
Q

a program that is run on a computer and that uses step by step methods to explore the approximate behavior of a mathematical model

A

research design

25
Q

provides guidelines for the responsible conduct of research; it educates and monitors scientist conducting research to ensure a high ethical standard

A

research ethics

25
Q

most common in the social and behavioral sciences though we also find them in such disciplines as artificial life, epidemiology, ecology and any disciplines in which the networked interactions of many individuals is being studied

A

agent-based simulations

25
Q

used for heuristic purposes for the purposes of predicting data that we do not have

A

simulation

25
Q

most commonly used in the physical sciences and other sciences where there is governing theory that can guide the construction of mathematical models based on differential equations

A

equation-based simulations

25
Q

discusses the equation-based models that are based on particle methods and those that are based on field methods

A

multiscale simulations

26
Q

computer algorithms that use randomness to calculate the properties of a mathematical model and where the randomness of the algorithms is not a feature of the target model

A

monte carlo simulations

27
Q

opposing theories and disparate finding populate the field of psychology

A

meta-analysis research design

28
Q

a type of psychological test often used in personality assessment; often presented in a paper-and-pencil format

A

self-report inventories

29
Q

most famous self-report inventory; personality test that first published in the 1940s, later revised in the 1980

A

minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI-2)

30
Q

developed by raymond cattell to assess individuals based on his trait theory of personality; used to generate personality profile of the individual and often used to evaluate employees

A

16 personality factor questionnaire

31
Q

based on MMPS which nearly half question are drawn; designed to measure such characteristics as self-control, empathy, and independence

A

california personality inventory

32
Q

the degree to which an assessment tool produces stable and consistent results

A

reliability

33
Q

measure of reliability obtained by administering same test twice over a period of time

A

test-retest reliability

34
Q

obtained by administering different versions of an assessment tool (both versions must contain items that probe the same construct)

A

parallel forms reliability

35
Q

used to assess the degree to which different judges or rates agree in their assessment decision

A

inter-rater reliability

36
Q

used to evaluate the degree to which different test items that probe the same construct produce similar results

A

internal consistency reliability

37
Q

a subtype of internal consistency reliability; obtained by taking all the items on a test that probe the same construct

A

average inter-item correlation

38
Q

subtype of internal consistency reliability; process of obtaining split-half reliability is begun by splitting in half all items of a test

A

split-half reliability

39
Q

refers to how well a test measures; what it is

A

validity

40
Q

ascertains that the measure appears to be assessing the intended construct under study

A

face validity

41
Q

used to ensure that the measure is actually measure what it is intended to measure

A

construct validity

42
Q

used to predict future or current performance—it correlates test results with another criterion of interest

A

criterion-related validity

43
Q

used to assess how well a measure is able to provide information to help improve the program under study

A

formative validity

44
Q

ensures that the measure covers the broad range of areas within the concept under study

A

content validity

45
Q

collection of information from a sample of individuals though their responses to questions; allows for a variety of methods to recruit participants

A

survey

46
Q

study in which the researchers manipulated the level of some independent variables

A

experiment

47
Q

all the important factors that might affect the phenomena of interest are completely controlled

A

true experiments

48
Q

all the participants have the same chance of being in a given condition

A

random assignment

49
Q

group that receives treatment

A

treatment group

50
Q

group which does not receive the treatment

A

control group

51
Q

used convenience sampling to select study participants

A

experimental researchers

52
Q

only exposed to a single user interface

A

between-subjects (or between-groups) study design

53
Q

tests all the conditions all the user interface

A

within-subject (or repeated-measures) study design

54
Q

independent variable caused the outcome of the study

A

internal validity

55
Q

difficult to generalize experimental results to groups that were not included in the study; also of particular concern in social science experiments

A

external validity

56
Q

makes it easier to generalize the results of the studies to other groups

A

random sampling techniques

57
Q

a tentative explanation of an event or behavior; explains the effects of specified antecedent conditions on a measured behavior

A

experimental hypothesis

58
Q

can be either true of false

A

synthetic statements

59
Q

means for manipulating antecedent conditions and measuring the resulting behavior must exist

A

testable statements

60
Q

preferred over one that requires many supporting assumptions

A

parsimonious statements

61
Q

leads to a new studies

A

fruitful statements

62
Q

disprovable by research findings

A

falsifiable statements

63
Q

process of reasoning from specific cases to more general principles

A

inductive model

64
Q

the process of reasoning from general principles to make predictions about specific instances

A

deduction

65
Q

the reverse of the inductive model

A

deductive model

Psychology (4 decks)

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