Clinical Psychology Flashcards
midterms
term clinical psychology was first used in print by
lightner witner
scientist-practitioner; psychotherapy and assessment
boulder model
emphasize both practice and research; practitioner-scholar
vail model
bedrock of clinical psychology
clinical scientist model
where do clinical psychology work?
private practice, university
what do clinical psych do?
therapy/intervention, diagnosis/assessment, teaching, research, administration, consultation, clinical supervision
work with less seriously disturbed
counseling psychologist
work with more seriously disturbed
clinical psychologist
allowed to prescribe medications; tend to fix problems through medication
psychiatrist
view client’s problems as behavioral, cognitive emotional
clinical psychologist
scientist who engineers, studies, and validates psychological test
psychometrician
interaction between individual and the components of society; focused on issues such as arranging for client’s transition successfully to the community after leaving an inpatient unit
social workers
refers to the success of a therapy in actual settings; how well it works in the real world
effectiveness
enhance the intellectual, emotional, social and developmental lives of student
school psychologist
controlled study; how well it works in the lab
efficacy
refers to the generalizability of the result
external validity
has hypothesis, variables, empirical testing
experimental method
refers to the extent to which the change in the dependent variable is due solely to the change in the independent variable
internal validity
less scientifically sound than experimental designs
quasi experiments
involve a thorough and detailed examination of one person or situation
case study
participants in different condition receive entirely different treatments
between group designs
involves comparison of participants in a single condition
within group design
statistical method of combining result of separate studies
meta analysis
examine the relationship that exists between 2 or more variables
correlational method
a residential treatment center where the mentally ill would always be cared for with kindness
york retreat
worked successfully to move mentally ill individuals out of dungeons
philippe pinel
emphasized patients strengths rather than weaknesses and they allowed patients to have significant input in their treatment decisions
elli todd
working as a sunday school teacher, she saw firsthand that many inmates were there as a result of mental retardation rather than crime
dorothea dix
worked with children whose problems arose in school settings
lightner witner
individuals were thought to suffer from some psychiatric symptoms
neurotic
individuals demonstrated a break from reality in the form of hallucinations, delusions, or grossly disorganized thinking
psychotic
father of descriptive psychiatry; proposed terms such as paranoia, manic depressive psychosis, involuntary melancholia, cyclothymic personality and autistic personality that had not yet been coined
emil kraeplin
promoted the idea that each person possesses separate independent intelligence
edward lee thorndike
led a group of theorist who argued for the existence of “g” a general intelligence thought to overlap with many abilities
charles spearman
first to incorporate a comparison of mental age to chronological age as a measure of intelligence
alfred binet
first used by james mckeen cattell in 1890
mental test
test were pencil and paper instruments for which client’s answered multiple-choice for true or false
objective personality tests
primary activity of clinical psychologist today
psychotherapy
surfaced as a fundamentally different approach to human beings and their behavioral or emotional problems; emphasizes and empirical method
behaviorism
flourished in the 1960s as carl rogers relationship-and growth-oriented approach to therapy offered an alternative to both psychodynamic and behavioral approaches
humanistic
understanding mentally ill individuals as symptomatic of a flawed systems
family therapy
emphasis on logical thinking as the foundation of psychological wellness
cognitive therapy
once considered an unfortunate personality characteristics but since 1980 it has been included as social anxiety disorder
excessive shyness
more disabling version of premenstrual syndrome
premenstrual dysphoric disorder
defined as the counselor’s acquisition of awareness, knowledge, and skills needed to function effectively in a pluralistic democratic society
multicultural counseling competence
begins with learning about one’s own culture
cultural competence
requires admitting and coming to terms with some undesirable “isms”
cultural self-awareness
when people find themselves in a new cultural environment
acculturation
adopts much of the new culture and abandons much of the original
assimilation
rejects much of the new culture and retains much of the original
separation
rejects both new and original culture
marginalization
adopts much of the new culture and retains much of the original
integration
can cause distress and can contribute to serious psychological problems
microaggresions
emphasized the notion of cultural adaptation of treatments with empirical evidence to support them
culturally appropriate skill
must formulate and test hypothesis regarding the status of their culturally different clients
scientific mindedness
must be skilled in knowing when to generalize and be inclusive and to individualize and be exclusive; allows clinicians to avoid stereotypes
dynamic sizing
must understand their own culture and perspectives have knowledge of the cultural groups
culture specific expertise
the premise is that all individuals are in some respects like no other individuals
individual level
where the premise is that all individuals are in some respects like no other individuals
group level
based on the premise is that all individuals are in some respects like no other individuals
universal level
