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Textiles > Fibres and Yarns > Flashcards

Fibres and Yarns Flashcards

0
Q

What are short fibres known as?

A

Staple fibres

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1
Q

What are continuous/ long fibres also known as?

A

Filament fibres

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2
Q

What is a natural fibre and where do they come from?

A

They come from natural substances either from animals or plants

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3
Q

Are natural fibres usually staple or filament fibres?

A

Staple (short) with the exception of silk

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4
Q

What is a synthetic fibre and where do they come from?

A

They are man made and come from the by- products of oil

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5
Q

Give some examples of synthetic fibres

A

Polyester nylon Tactel

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6
Q

Give 2 examples of natural ANIMAL fibres

A

Wool, silk, alpaca, camel hair

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7
Q

Name 2 natural PLANT fibres

A

Cotton, linen, jute

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8
Q

What are regenerated fibres?

A

They are made of a combination of chemicals and cellulose waste

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9
Q

Give 2 examples of regenerated fibres

A

Viscose acetate, cupro, tencel

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10
Q

What are the 3 stages in textiles for making a fabric?

A
  1. Spinning
  2. Weaving/knitting
  3. Finishings
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11
Q

What is the process of turning fibres into yarns?

A

Spinning

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12
Q

What is the process where yarns become fabrics called?

A

Weaving /knitting

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13
Q

What is the point of adding a finish to a fabric?

A

It helps make the product more useful

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14
Q

What are the uses of Cotton? (End product)

A

It’s used to make jeans t- shirts towels

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15
Q

What are the properties of cotton?

A 
It's cool to wear 
Soft to handle 
Drapes well 
Very absorbent 
Creases easily
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16
Q

What are the properties of linen?

A

It’s fresh and cool to wear
Good drape
Can be washed and ironed
Hard to crease

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17
Q

What are the uses and properties of viscose (regenerated)

A 
It's used for shirts dresses and linings: 
It has low warmth
It's absorbent, dries slowly 
Good drape 
Creases easily 
Soft handle
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18
Q

What do nylon and Acrylic have in common?

A 
They're both synthetic fibres 
Both warm to wear 
Both good drape 
Durable 
Crease resistant
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19
Q

What are the uses of polyester? (End use)

A

Children’s nightwear
Fleece jackets
Medical textiles
Raincoats

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20
Q

What are the properties of polyester

A 
Low warmth 
Non absorbent 
Good drape 
Very durable 
Crease resistant 
Can be recycled
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21
Q

What is a plain seam?

A

It is the flattest seam of all and simplest it’s used on non fraying fabrics

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22
Q

What is a french Seam?

A

The seam is concealed so it is used in higher quality fabrics like silk

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23
Q

What is a double stitched seam?

A

It is a strong self neatening seam

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24
Q

Name the three types of production

A

Job production, batch production

Mass production

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25
Q

What is job (one off) production?

A

The product is made by an individual or small team from start to finish the operators are very Highly skilled

Traditional methods of manufacture are used e.g Haute couture e.g wedding dresses

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26
Q

What is batch production?

A

A reasonable number of products are produced possibly to meet seasonal demand
Production costs are less then for job ( one off) production e.g swimwear

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27
Q

What is mass production?

A

It is used to manufacture large numbers of identical products over a long period of time

Products are usually not complicated and can be made cheaply e.g t-shirts

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28
Q

What are the 3 types of finishings?

A

Physical biological chemical

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29
Q

Name 2 biological finishes

A

Biostoning

Biopolishing

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30
Q

Name 2 types of physical finishes

A

Brushing:
Calendering;
Laminating

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31
Q

Name 2 types of chemical finishes

A

Mercerising; waterproofing finishes; Flame proofing

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32
Q

What is an integrated electronic?

A

A textile with an electrical component in it

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33
Q

Name three of wools properties

A
  1. Good drape
  2. High crease resistance
  3. Soft or coarse handle
  4. Breathable - repels rain
  5. Natural elasticity
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34
Q

Name some uses of wool (end use)

A

Jumpers, blankets

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35
Q

Name the properties of silk

A

Durable
Absorbent
High strength

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36
Q

What are the properties of silk? (6)

A 
Soft handle 
Good lustre 
Good drape 
Average crease resistance 
High absorbency 
Durable 
Must be dry cleaned 
High strength 
High warmth 
Medium flammability
High elasticity
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37
Q

What is the launderabily of silk like?

A

It must be dry cleaned

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38
Q

What is the source of silk?

A

The cocoon that is produced by the silk worm is used

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39
Q

What are The properties of cotton (6)

A 
Durable 
Creases easily
Very absorbent 
Very strong
Low elasticity
Low warmth 
Low flammability
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40
Q

What is the launderability of cotton like?

A

It can be washed ironed

and tumble dried at hot temperatures

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41
Q

What are aesthetic properties of linen

A

Crease resistant

Good drape

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42
Q

What are the functional properties of linen (name 4)

A 
High strength 
High absorbency 
High durability 
Breathable 
Low elasticity 
Low warmth 
Low flammability
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43
Q

What are the uses of linen

A

It’s used as ;
Tea towelling
Summer clothing
Table cloths

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44
Q

How easy is linen to take care of?

A

Can be tumble dryed and washed to high temperatures

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45
Q

What are the uses of cotton? (End use)

A

Jeans
T-shirts
Towels

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46
Q

What are the uses of silk? (End use)

A

Evening wear

Ties

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47
Q

Name 3 regenerated fibres

A

Viscose
Tencel
Acetate

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47
Q

What are the disadvantages of Viscose? (Bad properties)

A 
Low strength 
Low elasticity 
Creases easily 
Low warmth 
Low flammability
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47
Q

What are the advantages of viscose?

A

High absorbency
Drapes well
Soft handle

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47
Q

What is the origin of viscose?

A

Cellulose extracted from wood pulp

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48
Q

What type of fibre is viscose?

A

Regenerated

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49
Q

What are the disadvantages of Acetate? (Bad properties)(6)

A 
Low strength
Low elasticity 
Low absorbency 
Creases easily 
Low warmth 
Low flammability 
Resistant to biological break down
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50
Q

What is the origin of acetate?

A

Cellulose extracted from wood pulp

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51
Q

What are the advantages of acetate?

A

Good drape
Good lustre
Easy to care for

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52
Q

What are the advantages of tencel? (5)

A 
Soft handle 
Good absorbency 
Average crease resistance 
Breathable 
Durable 
Biodegradable
53
Q

What are the disadvantages of tencel?

A

Low warmth

54
Q

What’s the origin of tencel?

A

Wood pulp from sustainable forests

55
Q

Name 4 synthetic fibres

A 
Polyester 
Nylon 
Acrylic  
Elastane
Microfibres
56
Q

What are the advantages of polyester ?

A

Strong
High elasticity
Crease resistant
Durable

57
Q

What are the disadvantages of polyester ?

A

Low absorbency

Low warmth

58
Q

What is the launderability of polyester like?

A

Easy care fabric needs little ironing

59
Q

What is the end use of polyester?

A

Outwear

Home furnishings

60
Q

What are the advantages of acrylic?(3)

A 
High elasticity 
High warmth 
Strong 
Good drape 
Soft handle
61
Q

What are the disadvantages of acrylic?

A

Low absorbency

Low lustre

62
Q

What the the advantages of nylon?

A
  • Crease resistant
  • Easy to care for (needs little ironing and washes easily)
  • High elasticity
  • Strong
  • Durability
63
Q

What the the disadvantages of nylon?

A

Low absorbency

Low warmth

64
Q

What the the advantages of elastane

A

High elasticity
High crease resistance
Durable

65
Q

What the the disadvantages of elastane?

A

Low absorbency

Low warmth

66
Q

What is the end use of elastane?

A

Aerobic clothing

Swim wear

67
Q

Name 3 modern synthetic fibres

A

Microfibres
Aramid
Polartec fleece
Nanomaterials

68
Q

What are the advantages of aramid?

A

Very strong
Can be softened with chemicals
Durable

69
Q

What is the end use of aramid (Kevlar )

A

Bullet proof vests

Protective clothing

70
Q

What the the advantages of microfibres?

A

Strong
High elasticity
Average absorbency
Average crease resistance

71
Q

What is the use of microfibres?

A

Cleaning clothes

72
Q

What are the benefits of nanaterials?

A

Strong

73
Q

What are the uses of nano materials?

A

Antibacterial clothing

74
Q

What are the properties of polar tec fleece?

A

Good warmth
Machine washable
Soft handle

75
Q

What are the uses of polar tec fleece?

A

Jackets
Hats
Sweat pants

76
Q

What are the origins of polar tec fleece?

A

Polyester or other synthetics

77
Q

What is the use of pinking shears?

A

To give the fabric a decorative edge

78
Q

What is the use of a needle?

A

To sew by hand

To sew thread through fabric m

79
Q

What is the use of the zipper foot?

A

To be able to sew close to the teeth of the zip

80
Q

What is the use of embroidery hoops?

A

For holding fabric taught

81
Q

What is the use of zips?

A

To fasten the jackets , trousers, skirts or dresses

82
Q

What is the use of Velcro

A

To stick two sections of fabric together using a hooking system

Used on children’s clothes as it’s easy to undo

83
Q

What is the use of buttons

A

To fasten coats jackets, blouses skirts. Can be used as a decorative feature

84
Q

What is the use of poppers?

A

A convenient fastener that can be undone easily

85
Q

What is the use of irons?

A

To press garments

For finishing garments

86
Q

What is the use of a heat press

A

A machine that can transfer printed designs from specialist paper onto fabrics

87
Q

What is the use of batik pots

A

To melt wax for Batik

88
Q

What is the use of tjantings?

A

Hot wax is used to draw on fabrics

89
Q

What is screen printing?

A

A screen is placed over the fabric , a squeegee is used to push pigment through the fabric, this is how patterns are applied to fabrics

90
Q

What is the use of fabric pens and crayons

A

Dyes in solid form to draw on fabric

91
Q

What is the use of a sewing machine

A

Join fabrics together , do simple embroidery

92
Q

What is the use of an embroidery machine?

A

Can create decorative stitches

93
Q

What is the use of a computerised sewing machine?

A

Can produce digitised designs

94
Q

What is the use of an over locker ?

A

To give seams and hems a professional finish.

Give decorative edgings

95
Q

What is the use of knitting machines?

A

To create fabrics that are patterned or textures

96
Q

What is the use of mannequins

A

To obtain the correct size and fit of a garment

97
Q

What is the use of scissors

A

To cut patterns

98
Q

What is the use of pinking shears?

A

To prevent fraying

To produce decorative edges

99
Q

What is the use of tape measures

A

To measure out patterns

100
Q

What are the advantages of staples spun yarn

A

Good absorbency

Good elasticity

101
Q

What are the disadvantages of staple spun yarn?

A

It’s weak
Poor durability
Poor lustre

102
Q

What is the use of staple spun fibres?

A

Furnishings

103
Q

What is a spun stable fibre?

A

It’s made from cotton or wool staple fibres (short)

104
Q

What’s a ply yarn and what are its advantages

A

It’s formed by twisting 2 or more yarns together
It’s stronger than a single yarn
Has enhanced properties

105
Q

What’s filament yarn?

A

Long fibres

106
Q

Why might polyester cotton be blended

A 
As the garment would have: 
High strength 
Crease resistant 
Absorbent 
Good insulation
107
Q

Textured yarn uses?

A

Hosiery

Outerwear

108
Q

What are the properties of textured yarns?

A

Low elasticity

High strength

109
Q

What are woven fabrics

A

Fabrics that are constructed from interlocking threads or yarns

110
Q

What are woven fabrics produced on?

A

A weaving loom

111
Q

What is the weft?

A

They run horizontally

112
Q

What is warp?

A

They run vertically

113
Q

What are the properties of woven fabrics ?

A

They fray easily when cut

Are strongest along the straight grain of the fabric

Are stronger and firmer the closer the weave is

114
Q

What is a selvedge?

A

An edge that won’t fray

115
Q

What is a bias?

A

A diagonal or cross grain

116
Q

Give the characteristics of a Plain Weave

A

It’s the simplest weave

Creates an interlocking pattern

The weft yarns pass over and under the warp yarns

117
Q

Give examples of fabrics that are produced using plain weave

A

Cotton

Polyester

Calico

118
Q

Describe the warp and weft in a plain weave

A

The weft yarn passes over and under the warp yarns

119
Q

Give The characteristics of twill weave

A

Creates a diagonal pattern (bias)

The weft yarns pass over and under either two or four warp yarns.

120
Q

Give examples of fabrics produced using twill weave

A

Denim

Gaberdine

121
Q

Describe the warp and weft yarns in twill weave

A

The weft yarns pass over and under either 2 or 4 warp yarns

122
Q

What are the characteristics of satin weave?

A

Creates a shiny smooth fabric

The weft yarn passes over under 4-7 warp yarns

Often used in furnishings

123
Q

Give an example of a fabric that satin weave is often used for

A

Damask

124
Q

What are the characteristics of Jacquard Weaves?

A

They create a complex woven fabric

Produces high quality expensive fabrics.

it is made on a specialist loom a Jacquard loom

125
Q

What is used to make a Jacquard Weave?

A

A Jacquard loom which is often controlled by a computer

126
Q

What is Jacquard Weave used to make?

A

Rich furnishings

Formal wear E.g wedding waist coats

127
Q

What are the characteristics of Pile Weave?

A

Creates a raised surface of upright loops

128
Q

Give examples of fabrics that are produced with a pile weave

A

Velvet
Corduroy
Terry towelling (bath mats)

129
Q

Which is the most complex weave ?

A

Jacquard weave

130
Q

Which weave creates a smooth shiny fabric?

A

Satin weave

131
Q

Which weave is the simplest weave?

A

Plain weave

132
Q

What type of weave is denim made from?

A

Twill weave

133
Q

What type of weave is cotton made from?

A

Plain weave

134
Q

Which weave has a shiny right side?

A

Satin weave

Textiles (3 decks)

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