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Networking > Fiber Optics > Flashcards

Fiber Optics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two basic types of fiber?

A

Multimode and Single-mode

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2
Q

The three parts of a fiber are? (3 C’s)

A

Core, cladding, and coating.

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3
Q

The North American Standard core sizes are for Multimode fiber are ___and ___ microns.

A

62.5 & 50

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4
Q

The core size for Cornering Single-Mode fiber is _____ microns.

A

8.2 - 8.3

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5
Q

The cladding size for both Single-Mode and Multimode fiber is ___ microns.

A

125

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6
Q

What invention in 1960’s made fiber optic more feasible?

A

laser

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7
Q

Index of Refraction = speed of light in a ___ divided by speed of light in a ___.

A

vacuum, medium

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8
Q

As the Index of Refraction increases, the speed of light in a medium ___.

A

Decreases

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9
Q

In what portion of the fiber does light travel the fastest?

A

Cladding

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10
Q

The principle of operation, which permits propagation of light in a SM fiber, is known as ___.

A

Total internal reflection

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11
Q

The loss of optical power is referred to as ___

A

Attenuation

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12
Q

What are the two types of attenuation?

A

extrinsic and intrinsic

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13
Q

Which type of attenuation is due to traits within the fiber?

A

intrinsic

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14
Q

Which type of attenuation can be caused by the cable installer?

A

extrinsic

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15
Q

What are the two types of extrinsic attenuation?

A

macrobending and microbending

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16
Q

What type of bending is due to tight tie-wraps?

A

microbending

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17
Q

What type of bending is due to exceeding the bend radius?

A

macrobending

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18
Q

What is dispersion?

A

The spreading of light with respect to time as it travels down the fiber.

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19
Q

Why can dispersion be a problem in MM fiber?

A

Modal dispersion -there are many pathways for the light to travel that can cause the more direct modes of the pulse to travel faster than the less direct modes. This limits the number of pulses in a time interval.

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20
Q

What type of dispersion affects single-mode fiber?

A

Chromatic dispersion- it can also be described as a combination of waveguide and material dispersions.

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21
Q

What is bandwidth?

A

Information carrying capacity

22
Q

What is the bandwidth of Single Mode fiber?

A

no specified value/limit; system performance today is limited by the electronics

23
Q

what are the two optimal wavelengths used in a multimode system

A

850 & 1300

24
Q

What are the two optimal wavelengths used in Single-Mode systems?

A

1310 & 1550

25
Q

A 3dB loss in power is a ___ power loss.

A

50%

26
Q

Why is 1310 an optimum wavelength for SM?

A

1310nm is the zero dispersion wavelength

27
Q

What is the advantage of Dispersion shifted fiber?

A

the zero dispersion point is moved to 1550nm where the best attenuation also resides

28
Q

Is the index of refraction of a single-mode fiber typically the same value across the core?

A

Yes, only one mode of light, so there is no modal dispersion to correct for.

29
Q

Is the index of refraction of a multimode fiber typically the same value across the core?

A

No, multimode fiber has a graded-index profile which reduces modal dispersion effects.

30
Q

Does all of the light travel in the core of the fiber?

A

no

31
Q

In a Single-mode fiber what is the term used to describe the area that light actually travels? and what is its value?

A

Mode field diameter. 9.2-10.5 microns

32
Q

Name two types of fiber optic cables designs:

A

tight-buffered and loose-tube

33
Q

Loose tube cable is optimized for ___ use.

A

Outdoor, fiber is free-floating inside tubes

34
Q

Name two types of corning cable systems loos tube cables

A

ALTOS and FREEDM

Others include sst cables, solo, fibure-8, ALTOS/LST

35
Q

What does all-dielectric mean?

A

no metallic components

36
Q

What are two self-supporting cable types?

A

Figure-8 SOLO (or ADSS)

37
Q

What is the standard number of fibers per tube in Corning Cable Systems cable?

A

12

38
Q

Where are the odd fiber tubes usually located?

A

last buffer tube

39
Q

Tight buffered cable is optimized for ___ use.

A

Indoor

40
Q

Name two types of Corning Cable systems Tight Buffered cables: ___ and ___

A

MIC & Fan-out

Also zipcard and single-fiber riser or plenum

41
Q

The main load bearer for Corning Cable System cable is ____

A

Central member or aramid yarns

42
Q

List three functions of the central member: _______ and _______.

A

(anti-buckling) (maintaining minimum bend radius) and (provides core for tubes to be stranded around; also strength - metal central member can be toned for location purposes)

43
Q

The minimum number of buffer tube positions in a stranded loose tube cable is ____.

A

5, Five positions make the cable round. LST versions are available with only one or two buffer tubes; these may not include a central member and may not be round.

44
Q

The outside diameter of a tight-buffered fiber is ___ microns.

A

900

45
Q

The outside diameter of a fiber in a stranded loose tube cable is ___ microns.

A

250

46
Q

Can i directly connectorize a 250 micron fiber?

A

No, the 250-micron fiber needs to be supported and furcation is recommended. Buffer tube fan-out kit or spider fin-out kit.

47
Q

What are the three NEC listings for indoor cable?

A

General, riser, and plenum.

48
Q

Can I install a Plenum rated cable in a riser shaft?

A

Yes

49
Q

Can I install a riser rated cable in a Plenum space?

A

no

50
Q

Per NEC, How much outdoor cable may i bring indoors before I must transition to an indoor cable?

A

50 feet

51
Q

What are the main placement considerations when installing fiber optic cable?

A

Ensure sufficient slack
Monitoring tension
Maintaining minimum bend radius
Protecting exposed cable

Networking (2 decks)

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