Fiber

Question 1

Nutritional causes of diarrhea

Answer 1

Unfamiliar diet, dietary supplements

Question 2

Nutritional causes of constipation

Answer 2

Inadequate water intake, inadequate fiber intake, high dairy intake, inactivity

Question 3

Soluble fiber

Answer 3

• Dissolves or swells in water and can be broken down by intestinal bacteria
• Holds moisture in stools, softening them

Question 4

Insoluble fiber

Answer 4

• Does not dissolve in water and resists bacterial breakdown

- Increases stool size/weight and increases speed of passage through intestine

Question 5

CHD and fiber

Answer 5

Fiber binds bile, lowering blood LDL

Question 6

Cancer and fiber

Answer 6

Intestinal bile binds toxins

Question 7

Diabetes and fiber

Answer 7

High-fiber foods are also low-glycemic foods

Question 8

Obesity and fiber

Answer 8

High-fiber diet reduces calorie intake and decreases weight gain

Question 9

Stroke and fiber

Answer 9

Fiber decreases c-reactive protein, and reduces risk of 3 major risk factors for stroke: cholesterol, diabetes, obesity

Question 10

Dietary causes of diarrhea

Answer 10

• Food allergies (dairy, gluten)
• Hot peppers (capsaicin stimulates colon motility)
• Caffeine
• High-fat diet (irritates colon)
• Fat substitutes (simplesse, olestra)
• Artificial sweeteners (stevia, splenda, sorbitol, mannitol)

Question 11

Dietary causes of constipation

Answer 11

• Low water intake
• Low fiber intake
• High dairy intake
• Medications (antidepressants, narcotics, iron pills and those containing calcium or aluminum -antacids)
• Overuse of laxatives (weak bowels)

Question 12

Dietary tx for diarrhea

Answer 12

• Maintain electrolytes (water, sports drinks)
• BRAT diet (Bananas, Rice, Applesauce, Toast)
• BOAT diet (Bananas, Oatmeal, Applesauce, Toast)

Question 13

Fat blockers

Answer 13

• Liposan (binds fat and inhibits pancreatic lipase)
• Xenical (rx, inhibits pancreatic lipase)
• Alli (OTC form of xenical)
• Green tea and oolong tea (inhibits pancreatic lipase)

Question 14

Sugar blockers

Answer 14

• Acarbose (precose): rx that blocks alpha glucosidase and alpha amylase from binding with starches in digestion
• Phaselous volgaris: extract from white kidney beans and wheat that blocks alpha amylase

Question 15

Simplesse

Answer 15

• Protein from egg whites, milk, or whey
• Disperses easily and rehydrates rapidly
• food labels: whey protein concentrate, milk protein or dairy protein
• gels when heated often used in ice cream, butter, spread cheese, salad dressings, mayonnaise

Question 16

Olestra

Answer 16

• Made from sucrose, binds 6-8 fatty acids (cannot be digested or absorbed)
• used in place of cooking oils
• biggest use: chips

Question 17

Stevia

Answer 17

plant sweetener, 100-300x sucrose

Question 18

Aspartame (nutrisweet)

Answer 18

dipeptide, 200x sucrose

Question 19

Sucralose (splenda)

Answer 19

chlorinated sugar, 600x sucrose

Question 20

Neotame

Answer 20

similar to aspartame, 700-1300x sucrose

Question 21

Acesulfame potassium

Answer 21

200x sucrose

Question 22

Saccharin (sweet ‘n’ low)

Answer 22

300x sucrose

Question 23

sorbitol, xylitol

Answer 23

Sugar alcohols, sweet as sucrose

Question 24

Cranberry supplement use

Answer 24

• H. pylori (ulcers)
• UTI
• bacterial infections
• cancer prevention
• dental plaques
• kidney stones
• memory improvement

Question 25

Contraindications of cranberry supplements

Answer 25

- May increase risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulants - Avoid oregano because of herbal-herbal interactions (ulcers)

Question 26

Saw palmetto use

Answer 26

- Enlarged prostate - male-pattern hair loss - prostate cancer - underactive bladder

Question 27

Side effects of saw palmetto

Answer 27

- Stomach and intestinal pain - increase risk of bleeding - erectile dysfuntion

Question 28

Contraindications of saw palmetto

Answer 28

- Sex hormones | - Aspirin, blood thinners, or anti-platelets

Question 29

Soy

Answer 29

- Complete protein - Lower cholesterol - Decrease mineral absorption (phytic acid)

Question 30

Garlic

Answer 30

- Supports CV system by: reducing plaque, reducing BP, reducing cholesterol and TGs - May decrease cancer risk

Question 31

Gingko uses

Answer 31

- Cognitive decline - Glaucoma - Alzheimer's - Depression - ED - Asthma - Atherosclerosis - Diabetes - MS - Premenstrual syndrome

Question 32

Echinacea uses

Answer 32

- Colds and flu - Immune system - vaginal yeast infections - cancer - prevention and tx of URI

Question 33

Side effects of echinacea

Answer 33

Stomach problems

Question 34

Contraindications of echinacea

Answer 34

- Pt with HIV - may interact with amoxicillin - possible liver failure

Question 35

Milk thistle use

Answer 35

Protect the liver from toxins and damaging effects of alcohol

Question 36

Black cohosh use

Answer 36

Symptoms of menopause (estrogen-like effects, host flashes, nigh sweats, insomnia)

Question 37

St. John's Wort uses

Answer 37

- Depression (as effective as tricyclic antidepressants) - anxiety - nervousness - PMS - OCD - atopic dermatitis

Question 38

Side effects of St. John's Wort

Answer 38

- GI problems - delayed ejaculation - in combo with antidepressants = mania -altered menstrual flow, bleeding and possibly increases chances of getting pregnant when on pill - CYP450 interaction - increased sun sensitivity

Question 39

Ginseng use

Answer 39

Claims to increase exercise performance and help control blood sugar in diabetes