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GI > Fiber > Flashcards

Fiber Flashcards

1
Q

Nutritional causes of diarrhea

A

Unfamiliar diet, dietary supplements

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2
Q

Nutritional causes of constipation

A

Inadequate water intake, inadequate fiber intake, high dairy intake, inactivity

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3
Q

Soluble fiber

A
  • Dissolves or swells in water and can be broken down by intestinal bacteria
  • Holds moisture in stools, softening them
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4
Q

Insoluble fiber

A
  • Does not dissolve in water and resists bacterial breakdown

- Increases stool size/weight and increases speed of passage through intestine

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5
Q

CHD and fiber

A

Fiber binds bile, lowering blood LDL

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6
Q

Cancer and fiber

A

Intestinal bile binds toxins

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7
Q

Diabetes and fiber

A

High-fiber foods are also low-glycemic foods

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8
Q

Obesity and fiber

A

High-fiber diet reduces calorie intake and decreases weight gain

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9
Q

Stroke and fiber

A

Fiber decreases c-reactive protein, and reduces risk of 3 major risk factors for stroke: cholesterol, diabetes, obesity

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10
Q

Dietary causes of diarrhea

A
  • Food allergies (dairy, gluten)
  • Hot peppers (capsaicin stimulates colon motility)
  • Caffeine
  • High-fat diet (irritates colon)
  • Fat substitutes (simplesse, olestra)
  • Artificial sweeteners (stevia, splenda, sorbitol, mannitol)
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11
Q

Dietary causes of constipation

A
  • Low water intake
  • Low fiber intake
  • High dairy intake
  • Medications (antidepressants, narcotics, iron pills and those containing calcium or aluminum -antacids)
  • Overuse of laxatives (weak bowels)
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12
Q

Dietary tx for diarrhea

A
  • Maintain electrolytes (water, sports drinks)
  • BRAT diet (Bananas, Rice, Applesauce, Toast)
  • BOAT diet (Bananas, Oatmeal, Applesauce, Toast)
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13
Q

Fat blockers

A
  • Liposan (binds fat and inhibits pancreatic lipase)
  • Xenical (rx, inhibits pancreatic lipase)
  • Alli (OTC form of xenical)
  • Green tea and oolong tea (inhibits pancreatic lipase)
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14
Q

Sugar blockers

A
  • Acarbose (precose): rx that blocks alpha glucosidase and alpha amylase from binding with starches in digestion
  • Phaselous volgaris: extract from white kidney beans and wheat that blocks alpha amylase
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15
Q

Simplesse

A
  • Protein from egg whites, milk, or whey
  • Disperses easily and rehydrates rapidly
  • food labels: whey protein concentrate, milk protein or dairy protein
  • gels when heated often used in ice cream, butter, spread cheese, salad dressings, mayonnaise
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16
Q

Olestra

A
  • Made from sucrose, binds 6-8 fatty acids (cannot be digested or absorbed)
  • used in place of cooking oils
  • biggest use: chips
17
Q

Stevia

A

plant sweetener, 100-300x sucrose

18
Q

Aspartame (nutrisweet)

A

dipeptide, 200x sucrose

19
Q

Sucralose (splenda)

A

chlorinated sugar, 600x sucrose

20
Q

Neotame

A

similar to aspartame, 700-1300x sucrose

21
Q

Acesulfame potassium

A

200x sucrose

22
Q

Saccharin (sweet ‘n’ low)

A

300x sucrose

23
Q

sorbitol, xylitol

A

Sugar alcohols, sweet as sucrose

24
Q

Cranberry supplement use

A
  • H. pylori (ulcers)
  • UTI
  • bacterial infections
  • cancer prevention
  • dental plaques
  • kidney stones
  • memory improvement
25
Q

Contraindications of cranberry supplements

A
  • May increase risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulants
  • Avoid oregano because of herbal-herbal interactions (ulcers)
26
Q

Saw palmetto use

A
  • Enlarged prostate
  • male-pattern hair loss
  • prostate cancer
  • underactive bladder
27
Q

Side effects of saw palmetto

A
  • Stomach and intestinal pain
  • increase risk of bleeding
  • erectile dysfuntion
28
Q

Contraindications of saw palmetto

A
  • Sex hormones

- Aspirin, blood thinners, or anti-platelets

29
Q

Soy

A
  • Complete protein
  • Lower cholesterol
  • Decrease mineral absorption (phytic acid)
30
Q

Garlic

A
  • Supports CV system by: reducing plaque, reducing BP, reducing cholesterol and TGs
  • May decrease cancer risk
31
Q

Gingko uses

A
  • Cognitive decline
  • Glaucoma
  • Alzheimer’s
  • Depression
  • ED
  • Asthma
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Diabetes
  • MS
  • Premenstrual syndrome
32
Q

Echinacea uses

A
  • Colds and flu
  • Immune system
  • vaginal yeast infections
  • cancer
  • prevention and tx of URI
33
Q

Side effects of echinacea

A

Stomach problems

34
Q

Contraindications of echinacea

A
  • Pt with HIV
  • may interact with amoxicillin
  • possible liver failure
35
Q

Milk thistle use

A

Protect the liver from toxins and damaging effects of alcohol

36
Q

Black cohosh use

A

Symptoms of menopause (estrogen-like effects, host flashes, nigh sweats, insomnia)

37
Q

St. John’s Wort uses

A
  • Depression (as effective as tricyclic antidepressants)
  • anxiety
  • nervousness
  • PMS
  • OCD
  • atopic dermatitis
38
Q

Side effects of St. John’s Wort

A
  • GI problems
  • delayed ejaculation
  • in combo with antidepressants = mania -altered menstrual flow, bleeding and possibly increases chances of getting pregnant when on pill
  • CYP450 interaction
  • increased sun sensitivity
39
Q

Ginseng use

A

Claims to increase exercise performance and help control blood sugar in diabetes

GI (8 decks)

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